scholarly journals Reliability and response assessment of brain responses in fNIRS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Jiang ◽  
Chen Yanan ◽  
Chenghao Zhou ◽  
Na Ao
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Noninvasive Neuroimaging

Background: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a new noninvasive neuroimaging technology that detects both oxyhemoglobin hemodynamics (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin hemodynamics (HbR), but there is no assessment approach that emphasizes the merits of fNIRS. New method: Based on fNIRS, we established an indicator system named the Area-Under-Curve-based Indicator System (AUCIS) to estimate the effect reliability of brain responses. Evaluating the positive and negative responses for HbO and HbR can better explain, to some extent, the comprehensive physiological mechanism of oxygen delivery to and extraction in the brain. Moreover, we also established a reliability coefficient, named AUC’ α, to assess the robustness of within-subject condition effects. Results and Comparison: To validate the AUCIS, we used a simulation-based HRF signal and an open database and compared the performance with other general indicators. The AUCIS showed a greater relative sensitivity and robustness, which can be explained in terms of oxygen delivery and extraction based on the negative and positive responses of HbO and HbR.

Young consumers’ brain responses to pop music on Youtube

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1132-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Cheon Cha ◽  
Minah Suh ◽  
Gusang Kwon ◽  
Seungeun Yang ◽  
Eun Ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
New Media ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Pop Music ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Brain Responses

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the auditory-sensory characteristics of the digital pop music that is particularly successful on the YouTube website by measuring young listeners’ brain responses to highly successful pop music noninvasively. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) experiment with 56 young adults (23 females; mean age 24 years) with normal vision and hearing and no record of neurological disease. The authors calculated total blood flow (TBF) and hemodynamic randomness and examined their relationships with online popularity. Findings The authors found that TBF to the right medial prefrontal cortex increased more when the young adults heard music that presented acoustic stimulation well above previously defined optimal sensory level. The hemodynamic randomness decreased significantly when the participants listened to music that provided near- or above-OSL stimulation. Research limitations/implications Online popularity, recorded as the number of daily hits, was significantly positively related with the TBF and negatively related with hemodynamic randomness. Practical implications These findings suggest that a new media marketing strategy may be required that can provide a sufficient level of sensory stimulation to Millennials in order to increase their engagements in various use cases including entertainment, advertising and retail environments. Social implications Digital technology has so drastically reduced the costs of sharing and disseminating information, including music, that consumers can now easily use digital platforms to access a wide selection of music at minimal cost. The structure of the current music market reflects the decentralized nature of the online distribution network such that artists from all over the world now have equal access to billions of members of the global music audience. Originality/value This study confirms the importance of understanding target customer’s sensory experiences would grow in determining the success of digital contents and marketing.

scholarly journals Exploring the Brain Responses to Driving Fatigue Through Simultaneous EEG and fNIRS Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950018
Author(s):  
Chin-Teng Lin ◽  
Jung-Tai King ◽  
Chun-Hsiang Chuang ◽  
Weiping Ding ◽  
Wei-Yu Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Driving Fatigue ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Fatigue Driving ◽  
The Brain

Fatigue is one problem with driving as it can lead to difficulties with sustaining attention, behavioral lapses, and a tendency to ignore vital information or operations. In this research, we explore multimodal physiological phenomena in response to driving fatigue through simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings with the aim of investigating the relationships between hemodynamic and electrical features and driving performance. Sixteen subjects participated in an event-related lane-deviation driving task while measuring their brain dynamics through fNIRS and EEGs. Three performance groups, classified as Optimal, Suboptimal, and Poor, were defined for comparison. From our analysis, we find that tonic variations occur before a deviation, and phasic variations occur afterward. The tonic results show an increased concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and power changes in the EEG theta, alpha, and beta bands. Both dynamics are significantly correlated with deteriorated driving performance. The phasic EEG results demonstrate event-related desynchronization associated with the onset of steering vehicle in all power bands. The concentration of phasic HbO2 decreased as performance worsened. Further, the negative correlations between tonic EEG delta and alpha power and HbO2 oscillations suggest that activations in HbO2 are related to mental fatigue. In summary, combined hemodynamic and electrodynamic activities can provide complete knowledge of the brain’s responses as evidence of state changes during fatigue driving.

scholarly journals Impression Formation in the Human Infant Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M Krol ◽  
Tobias Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Infant Brain ◽  
Neutral Expression

Abstract Forming an impression of another person is an essential aspect of human social cognition linked to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) function in adults. The current study examined the neurodevelopmental origins of impression formation by testing the hypothesis that infants rely on processes localized in mPFC when forming impressions about individuals who appear friendly or threatening. Infants’ brain responses were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy while watching 4 different face identities displaying either smiles or frowns directed toward or away from them (N = 77). This was followed by a looking preference test for these face identities (now displaying a neutral expression) using eyetracking. Our results show that infants’ mPFC responses distinguish between smiling and frowning faces when directed at them and that these responses predicted their subsequent person preferences. This suggests that the mPFC is involved in impression formation in human infants, attesting to the early ontogenetic emergence of brain systems supporting person perception and adaptive behavior.

scholarly journals Specificity of Hemodynamic Brain Responses to Painful Stimuli: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem A. Yücel ◽  
Christopher M. Aasted ◽  
Mihayl P. Petkov ◽  
David Borsook ◽  
David A. Boas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Responses

scholarly journals Infant brain responses to social sounds: A longitudinal functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 100638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. McDonald ◽  
Katherine L. Perdue ◽  
Jeffrey Eilbott ◽  
Jaspreet Loyal ◽  
Frederick Shic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Infant Brain

scholarly journals Systemic Review on Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Parameters and EEG/fNIRS Features for Brain Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalin Yang ◽  
Yong-Il Shin ◽  
Keum-Shik Hong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Noninvasive Neuroimaging ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

BackgroundBrain disorders are gradually becoming the leading cause of death worldwide. However, the lack of knowledge of brain disease’s underlying mechanisms and ineffective neuropharmacological therapy have led to further exploration of optimal treatments and brain monitoring techniques.ObjectiveThis study aims to review the current state of brain disorders, which utilize transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and daily usable noninvasive neuroimaging techniques. Furthermore, the second goal of this study is to highlight available gaps and provide a comprehensive guideline for further investigation.MethodA systematic search was conducted of the PubMed and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to October 2020 using relevant keywords. Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy were selected as noninvasive neuroimaging modalities. Nine brain disorders were investigated in this study, including Alzheimer’s disease, depression, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, schizophrenia, and traumatic brain injury.ResultsSixty-seven studies (1,385 participants) were included for quantitative analysis. Most of the articles (82.6%) employed transcranial direct current stimulation as an intervention method with modulation parameters of 1 mA intensity (47.2%) for 16–20 min (69.0%) duration of stimulation in a single session (36.8%). The frontal cortex (46.4%) and the cerebral cortex (47.8%) were used as a neuroimaging modality, with the power spectrum (45.7%) commonly extracted as a quantitative EEG feature.ConclusionAn appropriate stimulation protocol applying tES as a therapy could be an effective treatment for cognitive and neurological brain disorders. However, the optimal tES criteria have not been defined; they vary across persons and disease types. Therefore, future work needs to investigate a closed-loop tES with monitoring by neuroimaging techniques to achieve personalized therapy for brain disorders.

scholarly journals Impression formation in the human infant brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Marie Krol ◽  
Tobias Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Infant Brain ◽  
Neutral Expression

Forming an impression of another person is an essential aspect of human social cognition linked to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) function in adults. The current study examined the neurodevelopmental origins of impression formation by testing the hypothesis that infants rely on processes localized in mPFC when forming impressions about individuals who appear friendly or threatening. Infants’ brain responses were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) while watching four different face identities displaying either smiles or frowns directed toward or away from them (N = 77). This was followed by a looking preference test for these face identities (now displaying a neutral expression) using eyetracking. Our results show that infants’ mPFC responses distinguish between smiling and frowning faces when directed at them and that these responses predicted their subsequent person preferences. This suggests that the mPFC is involved in impression formation in human infants, attesting to the early ontogenetic emergence of brain systems supporting person perception and adaptive behavior.

A Study of Frontal Signals in Brain Computer Interfaces: Interpretation of EEG & FNIRS

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
S. Srilekha ◽  
B. Vanathi
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Subject ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Rehabilitation Devices

This paper focuses on electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) comparison to help the rehabilitation patients. Both methods have unique techniques and placement of electrodes. Usage of signals are different in application based on the economic conditions. This study helps in choosing the signal for the betterment of analysis. Ten healthy subject datasets of EEG & FNIRS are taken and applied to plot topography separately. Accuracy, Sensitivity, peaks, integral areas, etc are compared and plotted. The main advantages of this study are to prompt their necessities in the analysis of rehabilitation devices to manage their life as a typical individual.

61-LB: Use of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to Assess Cognitive Effort in KATP-Related Neonatal Diabetes (KATP-NDM)

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 61-LB
Author(s):  
LISA R. LETOURNEAU-FREIBERG ◽  
KIMBERLY L. MEIDENBAUER ◽  
ANNA M. DENSON ◽  
PERSEPHONE TIAN ◽  
KYOUNG WHAN CHOE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neonatal Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy
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