scholarly journals Conjecturing harmful intent and preemptive strike in paranoia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Horita
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
Preemptive Strike

Paranoia depicts a belief of others having harmful intent. Research using economic games has exhibited the correlation between paranoia and the propensity to characterize ambiguous intentions as harmful. Using a non-clinical sample, we examine whether paranoid thoughts influence aggressive behavior against the subjective perception of harmful intent. We conducted a preemptive strike game wherein aggressive behavior was assumed to be guided by the fear of an opponent. The outcomes indicate that 1) individuals with high paranoia assume the harmful intent of an opponent more than those with low paranoia, 2) conjecturing an opponent’s harmful intent predicted an increase in the probability of a preemptive strike, 3) although the effect of paranoia on encouraging a preemptive strike was relatively minute. Also, the exploratory analysis revealed that paranoia was associated with aggressiveness. This study presents empirical evidence that paranoia functions as a response to perceived threats in an uncertain situation.

scholarly journals Conjecturing Harmful Intent and Preemptive Strike in Paranoia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Horita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
Preemptive Strike

Paranoia depicts a belief of others having harmful intent. Research using economic games has exhibited the correlation between paranoia and the propensity to characterize ambiguous intentions as harmful. Using a non-clinical sample recruited online from the United States (N=290), we examined whether paranoid thoughts influence aggressive behavior against the subjective perception of harmful intent. We conducted a preemptive strike game wherein aggressive behavior was assumed to be guided by the fear of an opponent. The outcomes indicate that (1) individuals with high paranoia assume harmful intent of an opponent more than those with low paranoia (2) conjecturing an opponent’s harmful intent predicted an increase in the probability of a preemptive strike, and (3) paranoia did not have a statistically significant effect on encouraging a preemptive strike. Additionally, the exploratory analysis revealed that paranoia was related to participant’s aggressiveness and with suppositions of other’s self-interests and competitiveness. This study presents empirical evidence that paranoia is related to the perception of social threats in an uncertain situation. We discuss the possibility that paranoid ideation can promote or inhibit a preemptive strike.

scholarly journals Mentalization mediates the relation between early traumatic experiences and aggressive behavior in adolescence

Psihologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Taubner ◽  
Christian Curth
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Reflective Functioning ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to examine whether mentalization serves as a protective factor against aggressive behavior in adolescence in the context of early traumatization. We present data from a non-clinical sample of adolescents from Germany (n=97) and calculate a mediation model to test the link between early traumatic experiences and aggressive behavior with mentalizing skills as a mediator. Mentalization was assessed with the Reflective Functioning Scale on the Adult-Attachment-Interview and aggressive behavior was measured with the Reactive-Proactive-Aggression-Questionnaire. Traumatic experience was operationalized as physical and/or sexual abuse as reported in the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire. Results show a complete mediation for Reflective Functioning on the relationship between early abuse and aggressive behavior. Thus, the findings of the study support an understanding of mentalizing as a protective factor for the relationship between early abusive experience and the development of aggressive behavior. Clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONALISATION OF SMES AND SIMULTANEOUS STRATEGIES OF COOPERATION AND COMPETITION: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio GALDEANO-GÓMEZ ◽  
Juan C. PEREZ-MESA ◽  
José A. AZNAR-SÁNCHEZ
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Marketing Activity ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Cooperation And Competition ◽  
Positive Effect

The present work examines the relationships between SMEs’ marketing internationalisation and the combination of cooperation and competition strategies, i.e. co-opetition. Recent analyses have shown that the SMEs’ exports capabilities are highly dependent on co-opetition, while others suggest that the challenges of international supply chain constitute a major driver to this combination. This analysis contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on both of these issues. A multivariate regression analysis is developed, measuring variables of SMEs’ co-opetition and international activity, and taking as reference a set of 136 Andalusian food exporters. The results confirm the positive effect of strategies of cooperation with competitors (regarding logistics, promotion, quality and R&D) on international marketing activity. This positive effect is enhanced when large retailers are the main buyers, i.e. in hierarchical relationships. Furthermore, exporting activity is shown to promote co-opetition among suppliers. These findings highlight the importance of such strategies as regards both export capabilities of the food firms in this region and their expansion into new foreign markets. The empirical approach and certain implications drawn from the results can be extended to other analyses on SMEs in international contexts.

scholarly journals Poverty Traps in the Municipalities of Ecuador: Empirical Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Correa-Quezada ◽  
Diego García-Vélez ◽  
María del Río-Rama ◽  
José Álvarez-García
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Poverty Traps ◽  
Poverty Trap ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Precarious Situation

The objective of this research is to identify from a spatial and temporal perspective the territories that are located in a “poverty trap” scenario. This is a scenario that does not allow overcoming the conditions and determinants that gave rise to this precarious situation, creating a vicious circle where the conditions of poverty endure through time. The methodology applied is an exploratory analysis of spatial dependence through Moran’s scatterplot and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) maps to visualize the spatial clusters of poverty. The database used is that of the population and housing censuses of 1990, 2001, and 2010 at the cantonal level. The results determine that 73 cantons were in a poverty trap over the period 1990–2001, while from 2001–2010, there were 75 cantons in this situation, which were located mainly in the provinces of Esmeraldas, Manabí, and Loja.

An Exploratory Analysis of Testosterone, Cortisol, and Aggressive Behavior Type in Men and Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 108073
Author(s):  
Todd Armstrong ◽  
Jessica Wells ◽  
Danielle L. Boisvert ◽  
Richard H. Lewis ◽  
Eric M. Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Behavior Type

Psychotic-like experiences and aggressive behavior in a non-clinical sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela F. Nederlof ◽  
Peter Muris ◽  
Johannes E. Hovens
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Clinical Sample

scholarly journals Financial manager decisions in small and medium Tunisian firms

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-464
Author(s):  
Salah Ben Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Agency Conflicts ◽  
Financing Decision ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
Medium Firms

The agency framework has shifted research in the theory of finance from the traditional quantitative analysis towards a richer analysis that incorporates the behavioural aspects. In this paper we implement an exploratory analysis in order to pick up the behaviour of the managers of small and medium firms (SMF) in financial decisions making. An Important finding in our research is that the traditional Modigliani and Miller framework cannot be merely translated to analyse the financing decision in a context of asymmetric information and agency conflicts among the different corporate actors. Empirical evidence is performed on a sample of Tunisian SMF

scholarly journals Aggressive behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorders: Prevalence and correlates in a large clinical sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1121-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Presmanes Hill ◽  
Katharine E. Zuckerman ◽  
Arlene D. Hagen ◽  
Daniel J. Kriz ◽  
Susanne W. Duvall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Does Aggression Deter or Invite Reciprocal Behavior? Considering Coercive Capacity

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Benard ◽  
Mark T. Berg ◽  
Trenton D. Mize
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Medium Cost ◽  
The Cost

How do people respond to aggression? Theory differs on whether aggressive behavior deters antagonists or provokes retaliation, and the empirical evidence is mixed. We bridge contradictory findings in the literature by identifying a previously unexamined moderating variable: the extent to which individuals can increase their coercive capability (which we call escalating). We argue that when escalating is costly, aggression deters potential antagonists. In contrast, when escalating is less costly, behaving aggressively fails to deter aggressive partners. We test these predictions in two behavioral experiments that manipulate the cost of escalating and whether interaction partners are aggressive or deferential. We find support for deterrence predictions when escalating is either high or low cost but not when it is medium cost. Taken together, we provide evidence that the cost of escalation plays a key role in decisions about aggression.

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