scholarly journals The International Monetary Fund’s intervention in education systems and its impact on children’s chances of completing school

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Daoud
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Imf Programs ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
Effect Heterogeneity ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

Enabling children to acquire an education is one of the most effective means to reduce inequality, poverty, and ill-health globally. While in normal times a government controls its educational policies, during times of macroeconomic instability, that control may shift to supporting international organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF). While much research has focused on which sectors has been affected by IMF policies, scholars have devoted little attention to the policy content of IMF interventions affecting the education sector and children’s education outcomes: denoted IMF-education policies. This article evaluates the extent which IMF-education policies exist in all programs and how these policies and IMF programs affect children’s likelihood of completing schools. While IMF-education policies have a small adverse effect yet statistically insignificant on children’s probability of completing school, these policies moderate effect heterogeneity for IMF programs. The effect of IMF programs (joint set of policies) adversely effect children’s chances of completing school by six percentage points. By analyzing how IMF-education policies but also how IMF programs affect the education sector in low- and middle-income countries, scholars will gain a deeper understanding of how such policies will likely affect downstream outcomes.

scholarly journals Integrating nutrition into the education sector in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A framework for a win–win collaboration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Yiru Xu ◽  
Talata Sawadogo‐Lewis ◽  
Shannon E. King ◽  
Arlene Mitchell ◽  
Timothy Roberton
Keyword(s):  
Education Sector ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Strategic Purchasing: The Neglected Health Financing Function for Pursuing Universal Health Coverage in Lowand Middle-Income Countries Comment on "What’s Needed to Develop Strategic Purchasing in Healthcare? Policy Lessons from a Realist Review"

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Hanson ◽  
Edwine Barasa ◽  
Ayako Honda ◽  
Warisa Panichkriangkrai ◽  
Walaiporn Patcharanarumol
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Strategic Purchasing ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Organisational Capacity

Sanderson et al’s realist review of strategic purchasing identifies insights from two strands of theory: the economics of organisation and inter-organisational relationships. Our findings from a programme of research conducted by the RESYST (Resilient and Responsive Health Systems) consortium in seven countries echo these results, and add to them the crucial area of organisational capacity to implement complex reforms. We identify key areas for policy development. These are the need for: (1) a policy design with clearly delineated responsibilities; (2) a task network of organisations to engage in the broad set of functions needed; (3) more effective means of engaging with populations; (4) a range of technical and management capacities; and (5) an awareness of the multiple agency relationships that are created by the broader financing environment and the provider incentives generated by multiple financing flows.

scholarly journals A Case Study—Peoples-uni, and Conclusions

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Richard Frederick Heller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

AbstractPeoples-uni was a volunteer led online programme to build public health capacity in low- to middle-income countries which demonstrated many of the features discussed as solutions. The term the ‘Distributed University’ is used to indicate the distribution of education to where it is needed—both reducing global inequalities in access and emphasising local relevance. It reduces impact on the environment, distributes trust in place of managerialism, and collaboration in place of competition. It distributes education online and sets up the higher education sector to adapt to the changes in the ways we work and learn today.

scholarly journals Research output on systemic sclerosis and socio-economic factors: An analysis of country-level panel data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Zeyu Zhou ◽  
Yinhe Liang ◽  
Chuanhui Xu ◽  
Lin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Country Factors ◽  
Effect Heterogeneity

Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare detrimental disease warranting mobilization of global research efforts. We aimed to evaluate impacts of country factors on research output over SSc to identify solutions promoting research. Methods Publication production on SSc during 1969–2018 and data for structural and policy factors were collected from public sources. Effects of country-level factors were investigated through panel regression in WHO member countries. Difference-in-differences analysis assessed the impacts of rare disease legislation. Effect heterogeneity across income levels was evaluated using group regression. Results SSc publications showed increasing annual growth rate (−0.3% during 1969–1983 vs. 6.9% during 2000–2018). Totally, ten countries published 12 261 (77.5%) SSc publications but another 87 countries produced none. High-income countries with higher GDP, larger population, and higher health expenditure tended to publish more (p<0.001). Whereas in middle-income countries (MICs) SSc scientific output was significantly associated with expenditure on research and development( p <0.001). Rare disease legislation increased annual publication production by 62.8% (95% CI 0.390–0.867; p <0.001) averagely. Notably, the effect of legislation was swift and lasting in MICs during the first five years. No significant impact was found with GDP per capita, female percentage, and political indicators. Conclusions SSc research output increased over time with substantial country disparities. Effective health policies facilitating research should be expanded especially among MICs to accelerate global advancement.

Proposed business and franchising models for primary care in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Elise Catherine Davis ◽  
Ashley Evans ◽  
Caroline Uptmore ◽  
Sarah Lang ◽  
Jessica K. McElroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Delivery

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present proposed solutions and interventions to some of the major barriers to providing adequate access to healthcare in Kenya. Specific business models are proposed to improve access to quality healthcare in low- and middle-income countries. Finally, strategies are developed for the retail clinic concept (RCC). Design/methodology/approach Google Scholar, PubMed and EBSCOhost were among the databases used to collect articles relevant to the purpose in Kenya. Various governmental and news articles were collected from Google searches. Relevant business models from other sectors were considered for potential application to healthcare and the retail clinic concept. Findings After a review of current methodologies and approaches to business and franchising models in various settings, the most relevant models are proposed as solutions to improving quality healthcare in Kenya through the RCC. For example, authors reviewed physician recruitment strategies, insurance plans and community engagement. The paper is informed by existing literature and reports as well as key informants. Research limitations/implications This paper lacks primary data collection within Kenya and is limited to a brief scoping review of literature. The findings provide effective strategies for various business and franchising models in healthcare. Originality/value The assembling of relevant information specific to Kenya and potential business models provides effective means of improving health delivery through business and franchising, focusing on innovative approaches and models that have proven effective in other settings.

scholarly journals Implementation of a virtual international cardiology curriculum to address the deficit of cardiovascular education in Haiti: a pilot study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e048690
Author(s):  
Norrisa Adrianna Haynes ◽  
Veauthyelau Saint-Joy ◽  
JaBaris Swain ◽  
Agnes Ezekwesili ◽  
Fritz Verly Vernet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Virtual Classroom ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Case Presentations ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, conferring a disparate burden on low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Haiti represents a resource-constrained setting, limited by a paucity of resources and trained cardiovascular professionals equipped to address the increasing burden of CVD.ObjectiveHere, we describe the creation of a comprehensive cardiology curriculum delivered through a virtual classroom. The curriculum was created to augment cardiovascular education in LMICs such as Haiti.MethodsOver one academic year (May 2019–2020), International Cardiology Curriculum Accessible by Remote Distance Learning-Haiti consisted of biweekly, live-streamed, synchronous didactic lectures, seminars and case presentations broadcasted to 16 internal medicine (IM) residents at Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais, one of only four IM training programmes in Haiti. The virtual classroom was created using commercially available videoconferencing and data-sharing platforms. Prelecture and postlecture surveys and an end of the year survey were administered to assess the impact of the curriculum.ResultsParticipant performance analysis revealed that 80% of the curriculum demonstrated a positive trend in knowledge acquisition postintervention. Based on the end of the year evaluation, 94% of participants reported that the curriculum was educational and relevant to medical practice in Haiti and 100% reported that the curriculum was good to excellent. Additionally, the curriculum was cited as an effective means of maintaining trainee education during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionThis international medical education pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of augmenting cardiology education in LMICs by creating a virtual curriculum made possible by local partnerships, internet access and technology.

Some Conditions for Task Shifting in Low and Middle-Income Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop de Jong ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Robert Macy ◽  
Aline & Herman Ndayisaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Shifting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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