scholarly journals Differential Susceptibility of Peer Influences: Gene-Environment Interactions and Gene-Environment Correlations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
School Level ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Peer Smoking ◽  
School Selection ◽  
School Level Effects

This paper examines potential gene-environment interactions in responses to peer influences on tobacco use. Specifications found in the literature that link own use to school-level tobacco use suggest widespread interactive effects, where individuals with the short/short 5-HTT genetic variant have the largest responsiveness to peer smoking. However, I show that individuals are sorted into schools in ways that suggest important gene-environment correlations may confound these findings. Using an across-cohort, within school strategy to separate school level effects (including school selection bias) and grade-level peer effects, I find evidence of reversals of the baseline specifications, so that the results suggest that individuals with the long/long 5-HTT variant are most susceptible to peer influence, increasing the likelihood of smoking by 3 percentage points per 10% increase in peer smoking. These results are consistent with a broader concern that many gene-environment models may fail to fully account for gene-environment correlation.

scholarly journals Peer Effects and Youth Smoking in the European Global Youth Tobacco Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silda Nikaj
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
School Level ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Social Multiplier ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Peer Smoking ◽  
School Selection

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of peer smoking on individual smoking among youths in 10 countries that participated in the European Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). I control for endogeneity in school selection and unobserved school-level characteristics through the use of school fixed-effects. I use instrumental variables to address the simultaneity in peer and individual behaviours. Identification arises by comparing students in different classes within the same school. On average, an increase in the share of classmates who smoke by 10 percentage points increases the probability that an individual in that class will smoke by 3 to 6.9 percentage points. The results imply that any policy intervention such as anti-smoking messages, smoking bans, or higher cigarette prices will be even more cost-effective because of the social multiplier effect of peers – policies affecting some individuals in a group will generate spillovers to others through the peer effect.

The influence of deviant peers on the development of boys' disruptive and delinquent behavior: A temporal analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Keenan ◽  
Rolf Loeber ◽  
Quanwu Zhang ◽  
Magda Stouthamer-Loeber ◽  
Welmoet B. van Kammen
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Moderating Effects

AbstractThe concurrent and predictive influence of deviant peers on boys' disruptive and delinquent behavior was examined in a community sample of fourth- and seventh-grade boys, who were followed-up over six data waves. Analyses were conducted separately for three different types of behavior problems: authority conflict, covert, and overt disruptive behavior. Consistent with the existing literature, concurrent relations between peers' and boys' disruptive behavior were expected to be significant. A more informative test, however, was whether exposure to deviant peers resulted in boys' subsequent initiation of disruptive behavior. Although peer influences were expected in the predictive analyses, the relations were hypothesized to differ by type of behavior. The potential moderating effects of hyperactivity and poor parenting practices were also examined to test the hypothesis that boys who are already at risk for behavior problems will be more susceptible to deviant peer influence. Results supported the significant concurrent and predictive relation between exposure to deviant peers and boys' engagement in disruptive and delinquent behavior. There were no significant moderating effects of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or parenting practices on peer influence.

Gene–environment interactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Franke ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Single Genome ◽  
Disease Aetiology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Postnatal Risk Factors ◽  
Genome Wide Study

ADHD is highly heritable, but environmental factors also play significant roles in disease aetiology and outcome. Genetic and environmental influences are likely to show different types of interplay, with gene–environment interactions (G×E) playing a part. Different models of G×E exist, with the most frequently investigated in ADHD up to the present being the diathesis–stress and differential susceptibility models. The most frequently studied have been monoaminergic genes, often based on a single genetic variant. Only a single genome-wide study has been reported thus far. Environmental factors investigated include prenatal and postnatal risk factors for ADHD, in particular prenatal exposure to smoking or alcohol and aspects of parenting.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on Career Choices Among Undergraduates: A PLS-SEM Hierarchical Component Model (HCM) Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Siew Chin Wong ◽  
Jia Ying Lim ◽  
Chui Seong Lim ◽  
Kay Tze Hong
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Career Choices ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Hierarchical Component Model

This study examines how undergraduates’ personality, parental and peer influences on their career choice. Partial Least Square, hierarchical component model (HCM) was used to measure the formative measurement model of personality construct and reflective measurement models of parent and peer influence constructs on career choices in the study. Data were collected from 218 of undergraduates from local private and public universities. Findings show that there are significant positive relationship between personality, parental and peer influences and career choices. Such insights are useful for HRD practitioners to develop relevant HRD interventions to assist individuals and organizations in career development. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

scholarly journals Systematic review of reviews of observational studies of school-level effects on sexual health, violence and substance use

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichola Shackleton ◽  
Farah Jamal ◽  
Russell Viner ◽  
Kelly Dickson ◽  
Kate Hinds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
School Level ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
School Level Effects

School-Level Effects of Teachers' Participation in Decision Making

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne L. Taylor ◽  
Ira E. Bogotch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
School Level ◽  
Participation In Decision Making ◽  
School Level Effects

This article presents findings from a study of teachers' participation in decision making. Data gathered from a large metropolitan district involved in restructuring are analyzed to isolate dimensions of participation and to explore linkages between these dimensions and several outcome variables. Results indicate that participation did not improve outcomes for teachers or students and that teachers did not feel sufficiently involved in decision making was sufficient despite working in a reform district. These findings suggest that restructuring models must be reexamined to identify and remedy obstacles that inhibit the success of reform efforts.

Neurobiological susceptibility to peer influence in adolescence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy T. Do ◽  
Mitchell J. Prinstein ◽  
Eva H. Telzer
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Versus Risk ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Peers have a profound impact on shaping adolescents’ attitudes and norms about the consequences of engaging in health risk behaviors. However, not all adolescents are equally susceptible to peer influence. Thus, a question that remains unanswered is whether there are potential biomarkers that index an individual’s level of susceptibility to peer environments. The present review considers emerging evidence on the construct of peer influence susceptibility and proposes neurobiological biomarkers that might render some adolescents more susceptible to peer influence than others. Using a differential susceptibility framework, this chapter discusses how individual variation in peer influence susceptibility interacts with different types of peer environments (e.g., risk-promoting versus risk-averse) to predict shifts in adolescent behavior. This perspective suggests that a heightened susceptibility to peer influence may not only increase maladaptive, antisocial behavior in negative peer environments, but may also promote adaptive, prosocial behavior in positive peer environments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document