scholarly journals Patterns of Alcohol Use among Italian Young Adults before and during a COVID-19 lockdown: A Latent Class Analysis Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Aresi ◽  
Angela Sorgente ◽  
Michael J. Cleveland ◽  
Elena Marta
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Representative Samples

Introduction: Two not mutually exclusive theories have been proposed to explain the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol use: The Availability hypothesis contends that reduced opportunities to drink due to the closure of outlets and consumption sites should lead to decreases in alcohol use, whereas the Stress and Coping hypothesis argues that those exposed to stressful situations may increase drinking. Aims: This study aimed to test such hypotheses by describing pre/during-COVID-19-pandemic changes in patterns of alcohol use among the Italian young adults (18–34 years).Methods: This study involves the secondary analysis of data collected in 2015 and 2020 from nationally representative samples of Italian young adults. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify common patterns of alcohol use.Results: Five classes were found: current non-drinker class (CND), weekend risky (WRD) and weekend non-risky drinkers (WnRD), daily non-risky (DnRD) and daily risky drinkers (DRD). Results indicate gender-specific changes in the prevalence of the five drinker profiles from 2015 to 2020.Conclusions: In support to the Availability hypothesis, increases in abstaining women and men were observed, however among men there were also increases in the prevalence of patterns characterized by risky drinking and related harm (Stress and Coping hypothesis).

scholarly journals Concurrent and Simultaneous Polydrug Use: Latent Class Analysis of an Australian Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lake-Hui Quek ◽  
Gary C. K. Chan ◽  
Angela White ◽  
Jason P. Connor ◽  
Peter J. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
Nationally Representative

Connecting Math Attitudes with STEM Career Attainment: A Latent Class Analysis Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Myley Dang ◽  
Karen Nylund-Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Math Attitudes ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background For many years now, there have been many job vacancies in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), but not enough workers to fill these vacancies. Much attention has been given to understanding and changing this situation in our country. Purpose The purpose of this study is to address this dilemma by understanding what may be gained by investigating student's attitudes towards STEM in high school. Specifically, we study the relationship between students’ math attitudes and math self-efficacy beliefs and their career outcomes in STEM. Further, we do this across different English proficiency levels to see if any understanding may be gained by studying these groups differently. Research Design This study implemented secondary analysis by using a nationally representative sample of U.S. 10th graders from the Education Longitudinal Study. A latent class analysis was used to classify students’ math attitudes and self-efficacy. Results The results from this study provide empirical support suggesting that across all three English proficiency groups, students with high math attitudes and high math self-efficacy were more likely to have a career in STEM. When examining demographic characteristics, female students were more likely to have lower math attitude and lower math self-efficacy, which helps to explain why there is an underrepresentation of female students in STEM fields. We also found that race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status operated differently for each of the English proficiency groups. Conclusions/Recommendations This study directly links student math attitudes and self-efficacy to later career choice. This study has implications for researchers and policymakers who are developing interventions, suggesting that fostering positive math attitudes and self-efficacy would help encourage more students to pursue careers in STEM, particularly for non-native English speakers and female students.

Examining Associations Between Race, Gender, Alcohol Use, School Performance, and Patterns of Bullying in the School Context: A Latent Class Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199912
Author(s):  
Valdemir Ferreira-Junior ◽  
Juliana Y. Valente ◽  
Zila M. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
School Context ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables

Although many studies addressed bullying occurrence and its associations, they often use individual variables constructed from few items that probably are inadequate to evaluate bullying severity and type. We aimed to identify involvement patterns in bullying victimization and perpetration, and its association with alcohol use, school performance, and sociodemographic variables. Baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial were used and a latent class analysis was conducted to identify bullying patterns among 1,742 fifth-grade and 2,316 seventh-grade students from 30 public schools in São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using an anonymous self-reported, audio-guided questionnaire completed by the participants on smartphones. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to verify how covariant variables affected bullying latent classes. Both grades presented the same four latent classes: low bullying, moderate bullying victimization, high bullying victimization, and high bullying victimization and perpetration. Alcohol use was associated with all bullying classes in both grades, with odds ratio up to 5.36 (95% CI 3.05; 10.38) among fifth graders from the high bullying victimization and perpetration class. Poor school performance was also strongly associated with this class (aOR = 10.12, 95%CI = 4.19; 24.41). Black/brown 5th graders were 3.35 times more likely to fit into the high bullying victimization class (95% CI 1.34; 8.37). Lack of evidence for association of sociodemographic variables and bullying latent class among seventh-grade students was found. Bullying and alcohol use are highly harmful behaviors that must be prevented. However, prevention programs should consider how racial and gender issues are influencing the way students experience violence.

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