scholarly journals A Biomechanical Analysis into Backstroke Start Kinematics: The Influence of a Backstroke Start Device.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Budzynski-Seymour ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Louis Langdown ◽  
David Jessop
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flight Phase ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Background: Backstroke starts have received little scientific attention; this may be due to the ongoing modifications to rules but also the fact that the majority of swim starts occur from a dive. As such, this has been the focus for much swim start research. Backstrokers face the problem of slipping from the wall which is a reasonably common mishap and has serious consequences for the competitor. FINA approved the use of a new backstroke start ledge to help avoid this mishap and therefore the aim of the study was to investigate what advantages come from using this ledge (L) over the wall (W). Methods: Twelve well trained male and female competitive swimmers took part in the study and completed six maximum effort sprints; three under each condition. Results: The results showed significantly greater flight distance (L = 4.22m±0.42, W = 4.06m±0.35, p<0.05) and peak hip height during the flight phase (L = 0.39m±0.15, W = 0.20m±0.14, p<0.01) when using the ledge. Discussion: It was concluded therefore that the ledge positively effects backstroke start performance during the flight phase of the start.

scholarly journals Análisis biomecánico de la competición de 3000 m obstáculos (Biomechanical analysis of the 3000 m steeplechase competition)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Ana Ogueta-Alday ◽  
Fernando Muñoz Molleda ◽  
Juan García-López
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
World Record ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

El objetivo es analizar el comportamiento de las variables cinemáticas del paso del obstáculo y la ría, su relación con el rendimiento y la influencia del género y la fatiga en la prueba de 3000 m obstáculos. Durante el XVII Mitin Ciudad de Mataró (clasificatorio para los JJOO de Londres-2012) se analizaron dos pruebas donde participaron 35 atletas (19 hombres y 16 mujeres) que fueron divididos en 3 grupos de nivel en función de su rendimiento comparado con el Récord del Mundo. Las grabaciones fueron digitalizadas mediante un análisis cinemático en 2D (Kinescan-IBV). Algunas variables en el paso del obstáculo (velocidad, distancia de batida y porcentaje tiempo de vuelo) y de la ría (velocidad y pérdida de velocidad en las últimas vueltas) fueron sensibles al nivel, y otras al género (obstáculo: velocidad y distancia de batida relativas a la velocidad de la prueba; ría: velocidad relativa a la velocidad de la prueba). Las variables que no fueron sensibles al nivel, género y fatiga permiten establecer valores de referencia para el entrenamiento (ej. distancia de ataque ~53-55% en el obstáculo y ~35-39% en la ría). En conclusión, este es el primer estudio que analiza conjuntamente la biomecánica del paso del obstáculo y la ría en una prueba de 3000 m obstáculos, relacionando variables biomecánicas con el rendimiento y el género. Se observó que existe una falta de amplitud en el paso del obstáculo en mujeres, y que tanto hombres como mujeres deberían mejorar su técnica de paso de la ría.Palabras clave: Biomecánica, carrera, obstáculos, rendimiento.Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables of both steeplechase and steeplechase water jumps, their relationship with performance, and the influence of some factors such as gender and fatigue during a 3000 m steeplechase competition. Two races of the XVII Athletics Meeting Ciudad de Mataró (National Trials for London-2012 Olympic Games) were recorded. Thirty-five athletes were analyzed (19 male and 16 female) and classified into 3 groups according to their competition performance level compared to the World Record. Images were digitalized by a 2D kinematic analysis (Kinescan-IBV). The results showed that some biomechanical variables of the steeplechase jump (steeplechase velocity, step length and percentage of flight time) and steeplechase water jump (steeplechase velocity and its decrease over the laps) were related to performance. Other variables were sensitive to the gender (steeplechase jump: steeplechase/competition velocity ratio and step length/steeplechase velocity ratio; steeplechase water jump: steeplechase/competition velocity ratio). The variables which were not related to performance, gender or fatigue allowed establishing reference values for training (e.g. takeoff distance of ~53-55% in the steeplechase jump and ~35-39% in the steeplechase water jump). In conclusion, this is the first study that simultaneously analyzed the biomechanics of both steeplechase and steeplechase water jumps during a 3000 m steeplechase competition, relating biomechanical variables to performance and gender. The comparisons with respect to previous studies indicated that the females had a short step length in the steeplechase, and that both male and female should improve their steeplechase water jump technique.Keywords: biomechanics, running, steeplechase, performance.

PERCEPTION OF EFFORT IN MALE AND FEMALE COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS.

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S15
Author(s):  
K. F. Koltyn ◽  
P. J. OʼConnor ◽  
W. P. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Male And Female ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

PERCEPTION OF EFFORT IN MALE AND FEMALE COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS.

1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S15
Author(s):  
K. F. Koltyn ◽  
P. J. OʼConnor ◽  
W. P. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Male And Female ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Critical swim speed and metabolic activities in trained male and female swimmers after 400 m free style swimming with their full effort

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
P. Chatterjee ◽  
P. Nandy ◽  
S. Chakraborty ◽  
A. Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Maximal Effort ◽  
Blood Creatinine

Purpose: This study was done to ascertain gender dif ferences in trained swimmers between their Critical S wim Speed (CSS). Certain metabolic responses, imme diately after 400 meters free style swimming (FSS), w ith maximum effort, were also studied. Methods: The analysis was conducted in trained swi mmers between 12- 18 years age. Height, weight, bod y fat quantity were estimated using standard techniqu es. CSS was measured for each swimmer. Blood samp les were taken within two minutes of 400 meters FSS, with maximum efforts. The blood creatinine, lactic ac id, serum calcium, serum urea and serum urea nitroge n were estimated using standard laboratory methods. Results: With the maximal effort of 400 meters FSS, values of hematological variables for both sexes were found to increase many folds than reference values. Si gnificant (p<0.05) gender differences were observed in CSS and blood creatinine. The positive significant (p<0.05) correlation was found between CSS and heig ht in the swimmers. For trained male swimmers signif icant positive correlations among CSS, blood urea an d serum urea nitrogen were found. Conclusions: This study reflects metabolic status of b oth trained male and female swimmers, after their full efforts. Besides blood creatinine no significant differe nces were observed in them. So it may conclude that e ffective physical training minimizes the metabolic de mands during their full efforts and gender differences could be overcome.

scholarly journals 521 METABOLIC DETERMINANTS OF 12-MINUTE SWIM PERFORMANCE IN MALE AND FEMALE COLLEGIATE COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S93
Author(s):  
D. S. Conley ◽  
K. J. Cureton ◽  
B. M. Prior ◽  
M. A. Sloniger ◽  
P. G. Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Male And Female ◽  
Swim Performance ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

scholarly journals Gender and distance influence performance predictors in young swimmers

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-736
Author(s):  
Paulo Victor Mezzaroba ◽  
Marcelo Papoti ◽  
Fabiana Andrade Machado
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Parameter Group ◽  
Performance Predictors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Predictors of performance in adult swimmers are constantly changing during youth especially because the training routine begins even before puberty in the modality. Therefore this study aimed to determine the group of parameters that best predict short and middle swimming distance performances of young swimmers of both genders. Thirty-three 10-to 16-years-old male and female competitive swimmers participated in the study. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used considering mean speed of maximum 100, 200 and 400 m efforts as dependent variables, and five parameters groups as possible predictors (anthropometry, body composition, physiological and biomechanical parameters, chronological age/pubic hair). The main results revealed explanatory powers of almost 100% for both genders and all performances, but with different predictors entered in MLR models of each parameter group or all variables. Thus, there are considerable differences in short and middle swimming distance, and males and females predictors that should be considered in training programs.

scholarly journals Biomechanical analysis of the penalty-corner drag-flick of elite male and female hockey players

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina López De Subijana ◽  
Daniel Juárez ◽  
Javier Mallo ◽  
Enrique Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hockey Players
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