scholarly journals Sex Difference in Hip Adduction during Running: Influence of Hip Abductor Strength, Activation, and Pelvis & Femur Morphology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Kristi L. Lewton ◽  
Patrick M. Colletti ◽  
Christopher M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Femoral Anteversion ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Tomography Scanning ◽  
Abductor Strength

Purpose: To examine the influence of hip abductor strength, neuromuscular activation, and pelvis & femur morphology in contributing to sex differences in hip adduction during running.Methods: Fifteen female and 14 male runners underwent strength testing, instrumented overground running (e.g., kinematics and muscle activation), and computed tomography scanning of pelvis and femur. Morphologic measurements included bilateral hip width to femur length ratio, acetabulum abduction, acetabulum anteversion, femoral anteversion, and femoral neck-shaft angles. Sex differences for all variables were examined using independent t-tests. Linear regression was used to assess the ability of each independent variable of interest to predict peak hip adduction during the late swing and stance phase of running. Results: Compared to males, females exhibited significantly greater peak hip adduction during both late swing (8.5 ± 2.6° vs 6.2 ± 2.8°, p = 0.04) and stance phases of running (13.4 ± 4.2° vs 10.0 ± 3.2°, p = 0.02). In addition, females exhibited significantly lower hip abductor strength (1.8 ± 0.3 vs 2.0 ± 0.3 Nm/kg, p=0.04), greater femoral neck-shaft angles (134.1 ± 5.0° vs 129.9 ± 4.1°, p=0.01), and greater hip width to femur length ratios than males (0.44 ± 0.02 vs 0.42 ± 0.03, p=0.03). Femoral anteversion was the only significant predictor of peak hip adduction during late swing (r=0.36, p=0.05) and stance (r=0.41, p=0.03).Conclusion: Our findings highlight the contribution of femur morphology as opposed to hip abductor strength and activation in contributing to hip adduction during running.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Relationship of Hip Strength and Functional Performance to Chronic Ankle Instability Scores

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlan Lu ◽  
Zhigang Wu ◽  
Roger Adams ◽  
Jia Han ◽  
Cai Bin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Abductor Strength

Abstract Background: Preliminary studies have reported differences in strength and functional performance between sexes for patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury or reconstruction. Similar sex differences may occur in chronic ankle instability (CAI) populations. Factors like hip abduction strength and functional performance may be contributors to sex differences in CAI populations, but their presence and magnitude is unclear. While decreased hip abductor strength, functional performance, and self-reported instability scores have all been shown in association with CAI, any sex difference in the relationship between these indicators is unclear. The study was to determine if sex differences are present in the relationship between these indicators in individuals with CAI.Methods：Thirty-two women and twenty-nine men with unilateral CAI took part. Hip abductor strength and functional performance were respectively assessed using a hand-held dynamometer and the figure-8-hop test. All 61 participants scored the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) for self-reported ankle instability.Results: Normalized hip abductor strength and functional performance measures for females were lower than for males. The self-reported ankle instability CAIT score, where higher values represent less instability, was significantly and positively correlated with normalized hip abductor strength and functional performance on the affected side in females (all p < 0.01), but not in males (all p > 0.19).Conclusions: Sex differences were observed in the relationships of normalized hip abductor strength and functional performance to CAIT scores from the CAI, holding for females but not males, and suggesting that evaluation and rehabilitation strategies should be sex-specific.

Sex Differences in Eccentric Hip-Abductor Strength and Knee-Joint Kinematics When Landing from a Jump

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cale Jacobs ◽  
Carl Mattacola
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Joint Kinematics ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Abductor Strength

Context:Decelerating movements such as landing from a jump have been proposed to be a common mechanism of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).Objective:To compare eccentric hip-abductor strength and kinematics of landing between men and women when performing a hopping task.Setting:Research laboratory.Patients:18 healthy subjects (10 women, 8 men).Main Outcome Measures:Eccentric peak torque of the hip abductors and peak knee-joint angles during a 350-millisecond interval after impact.Results:No significant sex differences were present, but there was a significant inverse relationship between women's eccentric peak torque and peak knee-valgus angle (r= –.61,P= .03).Conclusions:Women with larger eccentric peak torque demonstrated lower peak knee-valgus angles. By not reaching as large of a valgus angle, there is potentially less stress on the ACL. Increasing eccentric hip-abductor strength might improve knee-joint kinematics during landing from a jump.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of an adapted hip abductor strength measure as a potential new fall risk assessment for older persons: a study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Chantal Gafner ◽  
Caroline Henrice Germaine Bastiaenen ◽  
Emmanuel Biver ◽  
Serge Ferrari ◽  
Lara Allet
Keyword(s):  
Fall Risk ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
External Criterion ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Abductor Strength

Abstract Background Persons aged ≥ 65 years are currently the world’s fastest growing age group. An important complication of age is the increasing risk of falls. Falls have multifactorial etiology and modifiable risk factors open for interventions in prevention and rehabilitation, are of high interest. In this context, strong hip abductors seem to be important to prevent falls. A newly adapted measurement device to measure hip abductor strength (HAS) in a closed chain position was developed. We aim to assess feasibility, intra- and inter-tester reliability and construct and criterion validity of the new measure. Methods In two subsequent parts a feasibility, reliability and validity study with an adapted measurement instrument for the assessment of HAS (index test) in a closed chain position in persons aged ≥ 65 years will be conducted. Part I investigates feasibility of the measure in clinical settings as well as reliability of the new HAS test (n = 26). Part II evaluates construct and criterion validity (n = 169). Construct validity will be assessed cross-sectional, criterion validity by comparison with prospectively followed up fall history for 12 months (external criterion) and other functional fall risk assessments (Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up and Go test, usual gait speed and hand grip strength). Discussion Results of feasibility, will give insight in its applicability in daily clinical life and clinimetric properties will show if measurements of HAS in a closed chain position should be encouraged to include in fall risk assessments in older adults.

scholarly journals The Role of Hip Abductor Strength in Identifying Older Persons at Risk of Falls: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Chantal Gafner ◽  
Caroline Henrice Germaine Bastiaenen ◽  
Serge Ferrari ◽  
Gabriel Gold ◽  
Andrea Trombetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy Study ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Accuracy Study ◽  
Abductor Strength
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