Serapan Karbon oleh Mangium dan Sengon Berumur Empat Tahun pada Lahan Pascatambang yang Sudah Direklamasi

Revegetation is an important part of reclamation activities of mined land, partly due to potential CO2 absorption from theatmosphere, particularly through photosynthetic reactions. This research was aimed to calculate the amount of C absorbedby two major fast growing legume species in most reclaimed mined lands in Indonesia, mangium (Acacia mangium) andalbizia (Paraserianthes falcataria) at four years of age. Three tree samples of each species were destructively taken fromthe reclaimed mined land belong to PT Bukit Asam (PERSERO) Tbk, Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra to obtain plant biomassproduction of both above and below ground. The above ground plant biomass was separated into leaf, branches & twigs,and stem. All these components and the below ground biomass (roots) were then weighed for fresh weight determination.About 200 g of these tree components were dried in an oven at 70oC to obtain their dry weights, and then ground into 60mesh diameter for C analysis using wet destruction method of Walkley and Black. The results showed that up to the fourthyear, mangium sequestered C almost double of that sequestered by sengon stands, 21.66 and 10.35 kg C/tree respectively.

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Species richness alters spatial nutrient heterogeneity effects on above-ground plant biomass

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2017.0510 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 20170510 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nianxun Xi ◽

Chunhui Zhang ◽

Juliette M. G. Bloor

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Plant Density ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Nutrient Heterogeneity ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Below Ground ◽

Heterogeneity Effects ◽

Community Production

Previous studies have suggested that spatial nutrient heterogeneity promotes plant nutrient capture and growth. However, little is known about how spatial nutrient heterogeneity interacts with key community attributes to affect plant community production. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate how nitrogen heterogeneity effects vary with species richness and plant density. Effect size was calculated using the natural log of the ratio in plant biomass between heterogeneous and homogeneous conditions. Effect sizes were significantly above zero, reflecting positive effects of spatial nutrient heterogeneity on community production. However, species richness decreased the magnitude of heterogeneity effects on above-ground biomass. The magnitude of heterogeneity effects on below-ground biomass did not vary with species richness. Moreover, we detected no modification in heterogeneity effects with plant density. Our results highlight the importance of species richness for ecosystem function. Asynchrony between above- and below-ground responses to spatial nutrient heterogeneity and species richness could have significant implications for biotic interactions and biogeochemical cycling in the long term.

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Strong stoichiometric resilience after litter manipulation experiments; a case study in a Chinese grassland

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-12-757-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 757-767 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Xiao ◽

I. A. Janssens ◽

Y. Zhou ◽

J. Su ◽

Y. Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Net Primary Production ◽

Global Climate ◽

Litter Addition ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

P Content ◽

Litter Manipulation ◽

Soil Inorganic N ◽

Below Ground

Abstract. Global climate change has generally modified net primary production (NPP) which leads to increasing litter inputs in some ecosystems. Therefore, assessing the impacts of increasing litter inputs on soil nutrients, plant growth and ecological carbon (C) : nitrogen (N) : phosphorus (P) stoichiometry is critical for an understanding of C, N and P cycling and their feedback processes to climate change. In this study, we added plant above-ground litter, harvested near the experimental plots, to the 10–20 cm subsoil layer of a steppe community at rates equivalent to annual litter input of 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120%, respectively, covering the entire range of the expected NPP increases in this region due to climate change (10–60%). We measured the resulting C, N and P content of different pools (above- and below-ground plant biomass, litter, microbial biomass). Small litter additions, which are more plausible compared to the expected increase predicted by Earth system models, had no effect on the variables examined. Nevertheless, high litter addition (120% of the annual litter inputs) significantly increased soil inorganic N and available P, above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and litter. Our results suggest that while very high litter addition can strongly affect C : N : P stoichiometry, the grassland studied here is resilient to more plausible inputs in terms of stoichiometric functioning.

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Caution Is Needed in Quantifying Terrestrial Biomass Responses to Elevated Temperature: Meta-Analyses of Field-Based Experimental Warming Across China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9100619 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 619 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kai Yan ◽

Shuang Zhang ◽

Yahuang Luo ◽

Zhenghong Wang ◽

Deli Zhai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Woody Plants ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Woody Species ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Plant Phylogeny ◽

Below Ground ◽

Meta Analyses

Certainty over warming-induced biomass accumulation is essential for addressing climate change. However, no previous meta-analysis has investigated this accumulation across the whole of China; also unclear are the differences between herbaceous and woody species and across plant phylogeny, which are critical for corresponding re-vegetation. We extracted data from 90 field-based experiments to reveal general patterns and driving factors of biomass responses all over China. Based on traditional meta-analyses, a warmer temperature significantly increased above- (10.8%) and below-ground (14.2%) biomass accumulation. With increasing warming duration (WarmD) and plant clade age, both above-ground and below-ground biomass showed significant increases. However, for herbaceous versus woody plants, and the whole community versus its dominant species, responses were not always constant; the combined synergies would affect accumulative response patterns. When considering WarmD as a weight, decreases in total above-ground biomass response magnitude were presented, and the increase in below-ground biomass was no longer significant; notably, significant positive responses remained in tree species. However, if phylogenetic information was included in the calculations, all warming-induced plant biomass increases were not significant. Thus, it is still premature to speculate whether warming induces biomass increases in China; further long-term experiments are needed regarding phylogeny-based responses and interspecies relations, especially regarding woody plants and forests.

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Variations in above- and below-ground vascular plant biomass and water table on a temperate ombrotrophic peatland

Botany ◽

10.1139/b09-052 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 87 (9) ◽

pp. 845-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

M. T. Murphy ◽

A. McKinley ◽

T. R. Moore

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

Belowground Biomass ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Wetland Ecosystems ◽

Coarse Root ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Water Tables ◽

Below Ground

In wetland ecosystems, little is known about the relationships between above- and below-ground plant biomass and water table, a primary driver of their distribution in these systems. These relationships can provide a means for estimating belowground stocks over large areas with variable biomass and predicting vascular plant responses to changing water tables resulting from climate change. We measured above- and below-ground vascular plant biomass across species and microtopography (i.e., hummocks and lawns) in a bog in eastern Ontario. We examined the relationships between above- and below-ground vascular plant biomass their variation with water table and species richness. We took 56 cores during a growing season, separating above- and below-ground biomass by species and plant part (small and coarse root, leaf, stem). Hummocks had greater above- and below-ground biomass, and significantly greater aboveground:belowground ratios than lawns. Lawns had a more even distribution of biomass across species than hummocks aboveground, indicating that only a few species (e.g., Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. and Chamaedaphne calyculata Moench) are able to thrive in the driest bog conditions. Additionally, fewer species contributed to root biomass at depth, suggesting possible resource partitioning among species. Lower water tables lead to greater belowground biomass. Total above- to below-ground plant biomass relationships were strongest when separated by plant species.

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ESTIMATION OF ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF THE THREE SITES (GRAZED SITE, PROTECTED SITE AND SEED SOWN SITE) FOR COMPARING THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN KASHMIR VALLEY

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v23i2pp259-262 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

Author(s):

AFSHAN ANJUM BABA ◽

SYED NASEEM UL-ZAFAR GEELANI ◽

ISHRAT SALEEM ◽

MOHIT HUSAIN ◽

PERVEZ AHMAD KHAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Aboveground Biomass ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Summer Season ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Spring Season ◽

Kashmir Valley ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Protected Site

The plant biomass for protected areas was maximum in summer (1221.56 g/m2) and minimum in winter (290.62 g/m2) as against grazed areas having maximum value 590.81 g/m2 in autumn and minimum 183.75 g/m2 in winter. Study revealed that at Protected site (Kanidajan) the above ground biomass ranged was from a minimum (1.11 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum (4.58 t ha-1) in the summer season while at Grazed site (Yousmarag), the aboveground biomass varied from a minimum (0.54 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum of 1.48 t ha-1 in summer seasonandat Seed sown site (Badipora), the lowest value of aboveground biomass obtained was 4.46 t ha-1 in spring while as the highest (7.98 t ha-1) was obtained in summer.

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MITIGASI LAHAN TERDEGRADASI AKIBAT PENAMBANGAN MELALUI REVEGETASI

Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Mitigasi Bencana ◽

10.29122/jstmb.v11i2.3690 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 50-60

Author(s):

E. Hanggari Sittadewi

Keyword(s):

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Sesbania Grandiflora

Salah satu dampak negatif dari aktifitas penambangan adalah terjadinya degradasi lahan. Degradasi lahan ditandai dengan menurunnya kondisi fisik, kimia dan biologi. Mitigasi atau upaya pencegahan harus dilakukan agar tidak berlanjut ke kondisi yang lebih parah. Revegetasi adalah langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mitigasi lahan terdegradasi tersebut. Keberhasilan revegetasi tergantung pada pemilihan vegetasi yang adaptif dan cepat tumbuh sesuai dengan karakteristik tanah, iklim dan kegiatan pasca penambangan. Selain itu perbaikan kondisi fisik, kimia dan biologi lahan juga ikut menentukan keberhasilan revegetasi. Beberapa jenis tanaman cepat tumbuh (Fast Growing Plant) yang umum digunakan untuk revegetasi adalah sengon laut (Paraserianthes falcataria), akasia (Acasia mangium, Acasia crassicarpa), Lamtoro (Leucaena glauca), turi (Sesbania grandiflora), gamal (Gliricidia sepium). Selain tanaman cepat tumbuh, tanaman lokal juga menjadi pilihan untuk revegetasi. Keberhasilan revegetasi akan meningkatkan kadar bahan organik dan memperbaiki siklus hara serta meningkatkan jumlah dan aktifitas mikroba. Hal ini akan memperbaiki kondisi fisik, kimia dan biologi sehingga degradasi lahan pasca penambangan tidak terjadi lebih buruk.

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Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

Forest Ecosystems ◽

10.1186/s40663-021-00331-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gerong Wang ◽

Yue Sun ◽

Mo Zhou ◽

Naiqian Guan ◽

Yuwen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Changes ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Growing Season ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Herb Layer ◽

Simpson Index ◽

Thinning Intensity ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Below Ground ◽

Understory Herb

Abstract Background Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances. Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone, this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning. Results The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity, they were mainly determined by seasonal changes. Across the entire growing season, the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa, Aegopodium alpestre, Meehania urticifolia, and Filipendula palmata, which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May, and gradually decreased with months. Pielou index was roughly inverted “N” throughout the growing season. Thinning did not increase the species diversity. Thinning can promote the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July. However, it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September. The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity. Total herb biomass, above- and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May. Conclusions Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest, which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time. And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer. The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

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Eucalypt Clonal Hybrid Influences the Carbon Amount of Below-Ground Biomass in Oxisol, Brazil

Environmental Sciences Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecf2020-07868 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Grasiele Dick ◽

Humberto J. Eufrade-Junior ◽

Mauro V. Schumacher ◽

Gileno B. Azevedo ◽

Saulo P. S. Guerra

Keyword(s):

Carbon Concentration ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Homogeneity Of Variances ◽

Below Ground ◽

Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽

Carbon Determination ◽

Hybrid Clones

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an influence of different clonal hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla on the carbon concentration and amount in below-ground biomass in trees cultivated in Oxisol, Brazil. Stumps and roots of three different eucalypt hybrid clones, AEC 0144, AEC 0223, and VM01, were selected, weighed immediately after being removed from the ground, and sampled for carbon determination and moisture content at the laboratory. The Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests were used to evaluate data distribution and the homogeneity of variances, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by the Scott-Knott test was used to evaluate the effects of specie/hybrid on the below-ground biomass (dry matter) and carbon amount per stump. The hybrid type of Eucalyptus urophylla does not influence the carbon concentration; however, there is a difference in below-ground biomass production and carbon amount with it being higher for Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus camaldulensis when compared to the species Eucalyptus urophylla and hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis.

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