scholarly journals Species richness alters spatial nutrient heterogeneity effects on above-ground plant biomass

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 20170510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nianxun Xi ◽  
Chunhui Zhang ◽  
Juliette M. G. Bloor
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Heterogeneity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Heterogeneity Effects ◽  
Community Production

Previous studies have suggested that spatial nutrient heterogeneity promotes plant nutrient capture and growth. However, little is known about how spatial nutrient heterogeneity interacts with key community attributes to affect plant community production. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate how nitrogen heterogeneity effects vary with species richness and plant density. Effect size was calculated using the natural log of the ratio in plant biomass between heterogeneous and homogeneous conditions. Effect sizes were significantly above zero, reflecting positive effects of spatial nutrient heterogeneity on community production. However, species richness decreased the magnitude of heterogeneity effects on above-ground biomass. The magnitude of heterogeneity effects on below-ground biomass did not vary with species richness. Moreover, we detected no modification in heterogeneity effects with plant density. Our results highlight the importance of species richness for ecosystem function. Asynchrony between above- and below-ground responses to spatial nutrient heterogeneity and species richness could have significant implications for biotic interactions and biogeochemical cycling in the long term.

scholarly journals Caution Is Needed in Quantifying Terrestrial Biomass Responses to Elevated Temperature: Meta-Analyses of Field-Based Experimental Warming Across China

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yan ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Yahuang Luo ◽  
Zhenghong Wang ◽  
Deli Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Meta Analyses

Certainty over warming-induced biomass accumulation is essential for addressing climate change. However, no previous meta-analysis has investigated this accumulation across the whole of China; also unclear are the differences between herbaceous and woody species and across plant phylogeny, which are critical for corresponding re-vegetation. We extracted data from 90 field-based experiments to reveal general patterns and driving factors of biomass responses all over China. Based on traditional meta-analyses, a warmer temperature significantly increased above- (10.8%) and below-ground (14.2%) biomass accumulation. With increasing warming duration (WarmD) and plant clade age, both above-ground and below-ground biomass showed significant increases. However, for herbaceous versus woody plants, and the whole community versus its dominant species, responses were not always constant; the combined synergies would affect accumulative response patterns. When considering WarmD as a weight, decreases in total above-ground biomass response magnitude were presented, and the increase in below-ground biomass was no longer significant; notably, significant positive responses remained in tree species. However, if phylogenetic information was included in the calculations, all warming-induced plant biomass increases were not significant. Thus, it is still premature to speculate whether warming induces biomass increases in China; further long-term experiments are needed regarding phylogeny-based responses and interspecies relations, especially regarding woody plants and forests.

scholarly journals Strong stoichiometric resilience after litter manipulation experiments; a case study in a Chinese grassland

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Xiao ◽  
I. A. Janssens ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
J. Su ◽  
Y. Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Litter Addition ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
P Content ◽  
Litter Manipulation ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Below Ground

Abstract. Global climate change has generally modified net primary production (NPP) which leads to increasing litter inputs in some ecosystems. Therefore, assessing the impacts of increasing litter inputs on soil nutrients, plant growth and ecological carbon (C) : nitrogen (N) : phosphorus (P) stoichiometry is critical for an understanding of C, N and P cycling and their feedback processes to climate change. In this study, we added plant above-ground litter, harvested near the experimental plots, to the 10–20 cm subsoil layer of a steppe community at rates equivalent to annual litter input of 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120%, respectively, covering the entire range of the expected NPP increases in this region due to climate change (10–60%). We measured the resulting C, N and P content of different pools (above- and below-ground plant biomass, litter, microbial biomass). Small litter additions, which are more plausible compared to the expected increase predicted by Earth system models, had no effect on the variables examined. Nevertheless, high litter addition (120% of the annual litter inputs) significantly increased soil inorganic N and available P, above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and litter. Our results suggest that while very high litter addition can strongly affect C : N : P stoichiometry, the grassland studied here is resilient to more plausible inputs in terms of stoichiometric functioning.

Organic carbon storage in the biomass and soils of hedgerows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Drexler ◽  
Axel Don
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

<p>The establishment of hedgerows as traditional form of agroforestry in Europe is a promising strategy to promote carbon sinks in the context of climate change mitigation. However, only few studies quantified the potential of hedgerows to sequester and store carbon. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to gain a quantitative overview about the carbon storage in the above- and below-ground biomass and soils of hedgerows.</p><p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) data of hedgerows and adjacent agricultural fields of nine studies with 83 hedgerow sites was compiled. On average, the establishment of hedgerows on cropland increased SOC by 32%. No significant differences were found between the SOC storage of hedgerows and that of grassland. The literature survey on the biomass carbon stocks of hedgerows resulted in 23 sampled hedgerows, which were supplemented by own biomass data of 49 hedgerows from northern Germany. Biomass stocks increased with time since last coppicing and hedgerow height. The mean (± SD) above-ground biomass carbon stock of the analysed hedgerows was 48 ± 29 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup>. Below-ground biomass values seemed mostly underestimated, as they were calculated from above-ground biomass via fixed assumed root:shoot ratios not specific for hedgerows. Only one study reported measured root biomass under hedgerows with a root:shoot ratio of 0.94:1 ± 0.084. With this shoot:root ratio an average below-ground biomass carbon stock of 45 ± 28 Mg C ha<sup>-1 </sup>was estimated, but with high uncertainty.</p><p>Thus, the establishment of hedgerows on cropland could lead to a SOC sequestration of 1.0 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> over a 20-year period. Additionally, up to 9.4 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> could be sequestered in the hedgerow biomass over a 10 year period. In total, hedgerows store 106 ± 41 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> more C than croplands. Our results indicate that organic carbon stored in hedgerows is similar high as in forests. We discuss how the establishment of hedgerows, especially on cropland, can thus be an effective option for C sequestration in agricultural landscapes, meanwhile enhance biodiversity, and soil protection.</p>

scholarly journals Serapan Karbon oleh Mangium dan Sengon Berumur Empat Tahun pada Lahan Pascatambang yang Sudah Direklamasi

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ali Munawar ◽  
Wiryono Wiryono
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Photosynthetic Reactions

Revegetation is an important part of reclamation activities of mined land, partly due to potential CO2 absorption from theatmosphere, particularly through photosynthetic reactions. This research was aimed to calculate the amount of C absorbedby two major fast growing legume species in most reclaimed mined lands in Indonesia, mangium (Acacia mangium) andalbizia (Paraserianthes falcataria) at four years of age. Three tree samples of each species were destructively taken fromthe reclaimed mined land belong to PT Bukit Asam (PERSERO) Tbk, Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra to obtain plant biomassproduction of both above and below ground. The above ground plant biomass was separated into leaf, branches & twigs,and stem. All these components and the below ground biomass (roots) were then weighed for fresh weight determination.About 200 g of these tree components were dried in an oven at 70oC to obtain their dry weights, and then ground into 60mesh diameter for C analysis using wet destruction method of Walkley and Black. The results showed that up to the fourthyear, mangium sequestered C almost double of that sequestered by sengon stands, 21.66 and 10.35 kg C/tree respectively.

scholarly journals Above-ground and Below-ground Biomass situation of Milke-Jaljale Rangeland at Different Altitudinal Gradient

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
D.K. Limbu ◽  
M. Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Low Altitude

Rangeland conservation has been increasingly interested for carbon reduction and mitigation of climate change, because of carbon storage. Thus, biomass of the rangeland remains pivotal regarding carbon sequestration on rangeland. Present study was conducted in high altitude rangeland at Jaljale (4000 m), Gorujure (3500 m) and Milke (3000 m) on September, 2010 with an objective to estimate rangeland biomass following the total harvesting method. Result revealed that biomass of high altitude rangeland has relatively high value (1.50 t/ha for both above ground biomass and 43.48 t/ha for below ground biomass) compared to low altitude rangeland (0.35 t/ha for above ground biomass and 16.93 t/ha for below ground biomass). Similarly, monocot plant density play crucial role for biomass contribution of rangeland.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5740

scholarly journals Permafrost Degradation Leads to Biomass and Species Richness Decreases on the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1453
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Jin ◽  
Huijun Jin ◽  
Xiaodong Wu ◽  
Dongliang Luo ◽  
Sheng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Degradation of permafrost with a thin overlying active layer can greatly affect vegetation via changes in the soil water and nutrient regimes within the active layer, while little is known about the presence or absence of such effects in areas with a deep active layer. Here, we selected the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the study area. We examined the vegetation communities and biomass along an active layer thickness (ALT) gradient from 0.6 to 3.5 m. Our results showed that plant cover, below-ground biomass, species richness, and relative sedge cover declined with the deepening active layer, while the evenness, and relative forb cover showed a contrary trend. The vegetation indices and the dissimilarity of vegetation composition exhibited significant changes when the ALT was greater than 2.0 m. The vegetation indices (plant cover, below-ground biomass, evenness index, relative forb cover and relative sedge cover) were closely associated with soil water content, soil pH, texture and nutrient content. Soil water content played a key role in the ALT–vegetation relationship, especially at depths of 30–40 cm. Our results suggest that when the ALT is greater than 2.0 m, the presence of underlying permafrost still benefits vegetation growth via maintaining adequate soil water contents at 30–40 cm depth. Furthermore, the degradation of permafrost may lead to declines of vegetation cover and below-ground biomass with a shift in vegetation species.

Variations in above- and below-ground vascular plant biomass and water table on a temperate ombrotrophic peatland

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Murphy ◽  
A. McKinley ◽  
T. R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Below Ground

In wetland ecosystems, little is known about the relationships between above- and below-ground plant biomass and water table, a primary driver of their distribution in these systems. These relationships can provide a means for estimating belowground stocks over large areas with variable biomass and predicting vascular plant responses to changing water tables resulting from climate change. We measured above- and below-ground vascular plant biomass across species and microtopography (i.e., hummocks and lawns) in a bog in eastern Ontario. We examined the relationships between above- and below-ground vascular plant biomass their variation with water table and species richness. We took 56 cores during a growing season, separating above- and below-ground biomass by species and plant part (small and coarse root, leaf, stem). Hummocks had greater above- and below-ground biomass, and significantly greater aboveground:belowground ratios than lawns. Lawns had a more even distribution of biomass across species than hummocks aboveground, indicating that only a few species (e.g., Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. and Chamaedaphne calyculata Moench) are able to thrive in the driest bog conditions. Additionally, fewer species contributed to root biomass at depth, suggesting possible resource partitioning among species. Lower water tables lead to greater belowground biomass. Total above- to below-ground plant biomass relationships were strongest when separated by plant species.

ESTIMATION OF ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF THE THREE SITES (GRAZED SITE, PROTECTED SITE AND SEED SOWN SITE) FOR COMPARING THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN KASHMIR VALLEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AFSHAN ANJUM BABA ◽  
SYED NASEEM UL-ZAFAR GEELANI ◽  
ISHRAT SALEEM ◽  
MOHIT HUSAIN ◽  
PERVEZ AHMAD KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Protected Site

The plant biomass for protected areas was maximum in summer (1221.56 g/m2) and minimum in winter (290.62 g/m2) as against grazed areas having maximum value 590.81 g/m2 in autumn and minimum 183.75 g/m2 in winter. Study revealed that at Protected site (Kanidajan) the above ground biomass ranged was from a minimum (1.11 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum (4.58 t ha-1) in the summer season while at Grazed site (Yousmarag), the aboveground biomass varied from a minimum (0.54 t ha-1) in the spring season to a maximum of 1.48 t ha-1 in summer seasonandat Seed sown site (Badipora), the lowest value of aboveground biomass obtained was 4.46 t ha-1 in spring while as the highest (7.98 t ha-1) was obtained in summer.

Nitrogen Demand of Cut Chrysanthemums in Relation to Shoot Height and Planting Date

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 523c-523
Author(s):  
Siegfried Zerche
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Period

Refined nutrient delivery systems are important for environmentally friendly production of cut flowers in both soil and hydroponic culture. They have to be closely orientated at the actual nutrient demand. To solve current problems, express analysis and nutrient uptake models have been developed in horticulture. However, the necessity of relatively laborious analysis or estimation of model input parameters have prevented their commercial use up to now. For this reason, we studied relationships between easily determinable parameters of plant biomass structure as shoot height, plant density and dry matter production as well as amount of nitrogen removal of hydroponically grown year-round cut chrysanthemums. In four experiments (planting dates 5.11.91; 25.3.92; 4.1.93; 1.7.93) with cultivar `Puma white' and a fixed plant density of 64 m2, shoots were harvested every 14 days from planting until flowering, with dry matter, internal N concentration and shoot height being measured. For each planting date, N uptake (y) was closely (r2 = 0.94; 0.93; 0.84; 0.93, respectively) related to shoot height (x) at the time of cutting and could be characterized by the equation y = a * × b. In the soilless cultivation system, dry matter concentrations of N remained constant over the whole growing period, indicating non-limiting nitrogen supply. In agreement with constant internal N concentrations, N uptake was linearly related (r2 = 0.94 to 0.99) to dry matter accumulation. It is concluded that shoot height is a useful parameter to include in a simple model of N uptake. However, in consideration of fluctuating greenhouse climate conditions needs more sophisticated approaches including processes such as water uptake and photosynthetically active radiation.

scholarly journals Is Brief Exposure to Green Space in School the Best Option to Improve Attention in Children?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7484
Author(s):  
Asier Anabitarte ◽  
Gonzalo García-Baquero ◽  
Ainara Andiarena ◽  
Nerea Lertxundi ◽  
Nerea Urbieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
School Children ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Attention Network Test ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Before And After

The positive effects of Green Spaces on health are thought to be achieved through the mechanisms of mitigation, instoration and restoration. One of the benefits of Green Spaces may be the restoration of attention and so the objective of this research is testing empirically whether exposure to a green environment improves attention in school children. For so doing, we first used a split-unit statistical design in each of four schools, then combined the primary results via meta-analysis. The Attention Network Test (ANT) was used to measure attention before and after exposure and a total of 167 seven-year-old students participated in the experiments. Overall, our experimental results do not support the hypothesis that students’ exposure to activities in green vs. grey spaces affected their performance in ANT. This was so despite the fact that neither age nor gender biases have been detected and despite that our experiments have been proved to be sufficiently statistically powerful. It would be advisable to consider air pollution and noise. We also recommend that participants attend the experiment with mental exhaustion to maximize the ability to detect significant changes.

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