scholarly journals Comparison of liver enzymes and sonological grading in nonalcoholic fatty liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Bishnu Jwarchan ◽  
Subita Lalchan ◽  
Anil Dhakal ◽  
Ramesh R Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Diffuse Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Social

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of diffuse liver disease with a global prevalence of 25.24% and progresses to fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Diagnosing NAFLD requires demonstration of increased liver fat and ultrasound imaging is widely used for screening. Specific blood tests to diagnose NAFLD and NASH are not yet available and alanine transaminase (ALT) has been used as a marker in population based studies. Aims and Objective: This study was aimed to compare the liver enzymes and sonological grading in NAFLD. Materials and Methods: A prospective hospital based observational study was carried out in 85 patients presenting to medical outpatient department (OPD) with ultrasonogical evidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) from January 2016 to December 2016. The patients were sent for liver enzymes and serum ALT,aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were particularly correlated with the grade of NAFL.Data were collected on a preformed proformaand analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: In our study, mean age of the patients was 46.08 years and most of the patients were in age group of 40-60 years. Females (65.88%) were more affected than males (34.12%). There were 71 (83.5%) patients with grade 1 NAFL and 14 (16.5%) patients with grade 2 NAFL. The level of serum ALT increased with higher grades of NAFL. The mean ALT in grade 1 NAFL was 29.14±19.41 and in grade 2 NAFL was 42.19±2157; p= 0.027. Comparison of serum AST and GGT with ultrasonological grading did not show statistical difference. Conclusion: Serum ALT levels correlated with the ultrasonological grades of NAFLD (p = 0.027) whereas AST and ALT did not show statistical correlation with grades of fatty liver. Our study suggests for large sample size study for AST and GGT values relationship with ultrasonological grades.

scholarly journals Contribution of de novo lipogenesis to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Majid Mufaqam Syed Abdul
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

This dissertation is focused on understanding the biochemical pathway of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in humans and how changes in DNL can alter disease states, particularly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This document's first chapter presents a review of the literature, while the second chapter focuses on investigating the contribution of DNL to the progression of NAFLD. The main outcome of this study was that as disease severity progressed, hepatic DNL increased in a stepwise fashion until fibrosis was significant, at which time DNL was found to be reduced. Conclusions from isotopic labeling of liver were mirrored by data from protein and gene expression studies which pointed toward mechanisms of promoting both fat storage and decreased fatty acid oxidation. In the third chapter, data are presented on the effects of pharmacological inhibition of DNL, which lowered both liver fat (from 11.8 [percent] to 10.3 [percent]) and liver enzymes (from 29 to 22 U/L). In this study, different subjects received different doses (50, 100, and 15 mg/d) and within the high dose group, DNL was reduced maximally by 75 [percent] which resulted in a 5 [percent] reduction in liver fat and a 36 [percent] reduction in liver enzymes. Lastly, this dissertation's fourth chapter presents data from an investigation in which acute overconsumption of food and alcohol increased liver fat only in individuals whose DNL was stimulated by this treatment but not in individuals with unchanged DNL. The variability in response between subjects was surprising and suggested that for some people, overconsumption of carbohydrates may have greater lipogenic effects than excess alcohol. Future studies should identify the factors that govern this response. In summary, the combined data from these studies highlight the significance of the DNL pathway in promoting increased fat storage in the liver. This conclusion is supported by independent observations of both the negative effects of increased DNL on the liver and the benefits of reducing flux through this pathway to improve liver health. Both dietary and pharmacologic approaches to reduce DNL should be the focus of future treatment of NAFLD.

scholarly journals Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mantovani ◽  
Graziana Petracca ◽  
Alessandro Csermely ◽  
Giorgia Beatrice ◽  
Giovanni Targher
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter

Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) tested the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors to specifically treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We systematically searched three electronic databases (up to 31 October 2020) for identifying placebo-controlled or head-to-head RCTs that used SGLT-2 inhibitors for treatment of NAFLD. No published RCTs with paired liver biopsy data were available for the meta-analysis. Primary outcome measures were changes in serum liver enzyme levels and liver fat content on imaging techniques. Overall, we included a total of twelve RCTs testing the efficacy of dapagliflozin (n = six RCTs), empagliflozin (n = three RCTs), ipragliflozin (n = two RCTs) or canagliflozin (n = one RCT) to specifically treat NAFLD for a median period of 24 weeks with aggregate data on 850 middle-aged overweight or obese individuals with NAFLD (90% with type 2 diabetes). Compared to placebo/reference therapy, treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (weighted mean differences (WMD): −10.0 IU/L, 95%CI −12.2 to −7.79 IU/L; I2 = 10.5%) and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels (WMD: −14.49 IU/L, 95%CI −19.35 to −9.63 IU/L, I2 = 38.7%), as well as the absolute percentage of liver fat content on magnetic resonance-based techniques (WMD: −2.05%, 95%CI −2.61 to −1.48%; I2 = 0%). In conclusion, SGLT-2 inhibitors seem to be a promising treatment option for NAFLD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of NAFLD in Healthy and Young Male Individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Niaz ◽  
Zafar Ali ◽  
Shaista Nayyar ◽  
Naureen Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ultrasound Evidence

Introduction. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important cause of liver disease in adults and the most common cause of liver disease in children (Lavine and Schwimmer 2004). The abnormalities include increased liver fat without inflammation (steatosis) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately liver failure if it is not treated (Matteoni et al. 1999). The objective of the study is to estimate the magnitude of the problem which will help us to formulate strategies in managing the potentially difficult problem. Materials and Methods. We included 1000 individuals between the ages of 30 and 50 years who came for annual checkup. The patients with other comorbidities like diabetes, ischemic heart disease, chronic liver disease, or renal diseases were excluded from the study. History of alcohol ingestion was also taken; any individual with history of alcohol intake was also excluded. All of them underwent investigations including CBC, LFTs, height and weight. The individuals who were found to have increased ALT (50 to 150 u/L) further underwent investigations including ultrasound of abdomen hepatitis b and c serology RA and ANA antibodies. All the individuals who were found to have viral or autoimmune illness were excluded from the study. The individuals having raised ALT levels and ultrasound evidence of fatty liver were taken. Results. 13.5% of the individuals were found to have NAFLD among those selected for the study. Conclusion. Mass campaign regarding physical and dietary measures needs to be undertaken in general masses regarding the gravity and potential prevention of the disease.

Abstract 007: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Analyses from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B VanWagner ◽  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
John Wilkins ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies suggest that NAFLD and coronary artery calcification (CAC) are related independent of VAT. In a population-based cross-sectional sample of black and white adults free from prevalent liver or heart disease, we tested the hypothesis that NAFLD is associated with the presence of CAC and abdominal aortoiliac calcification (AAC) independent of VAT and other CVD risk factors. Methods: Participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (Y25 exam) with concurrent computed tomography quantification of liver fat, CAC and AAC were included (n=2,163). NAFLD was defined as liver attenuation ≤ 40 Hounsfield Units after exclusion of other causes of liver fat (medication/alcohol use). Using the Agatston method, CAC/AAC presence was defined as a score > 0. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Participant age was 49.9 (3.7) years and the sample was equally distributed by sex (55.6% female) and race (50.1% black). Mean BMI was 30.6 (7.1). The CAC and AAC prevalence was 26.5% and 49.6%. NAFLD prevalence was 9.6%. NAFLD participants were 50.1 (3.7) years old and more likely to be male (59.8% vs. 51.7%, p<0.0001), white (56.5% vs. 49.3%, p<0.05) and have the metabolic syndrome (70.1% vs. 22.6%, p<0.0001) than those with no NAFLD. They were also more likely to have CAC (37.2%) and AAC (60.9%) than those with no NAFLD (25.4% and 49.4%, respectively). In multivariable analyses adjusted for demographics and health behaviors, NAFLD was associated with the presence of CAC and AAC (Table 1). This association was attenuated after adjustment for CVD risk factors and VAT. Effect modification by race and sex was not statistically significant. Conclusion: In contrast to prior studies, our results suggest that the relationship between NAFLD and subclinical CVD is mediated by the presence of other CVD risk factors.

Abstract 05: Association of 25-Year Body Mass Index Trajectories Throughout Early Adulthood With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B VanWagner ◽  
Sadiya Khan ◽  
Hongyan NIng ◽  
Juned Siddique ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Bmi Trajectory

Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has increased in parallel with obesity, is a risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer, and has few effective treatments. Identifying modifiable risk factors for NAFLD development is essential to effectively design prevention programs. We tested whether trajectories of body mass index (BMI) change throughout early adulthood were associated with risk of prevalent NAFLD in midlife independent of current BMI. Methods: Participants from the CARDIA study, a prospective multicenter population-based biracial cohort of adults (baseline age 18-30 years), underwent BMI measurement at exam years 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25. At Year 25 (Y25, 2010-2011), liver fat was assessed by computed tomography. NAFLD was identified after exclusion of other causes of liver fat (alcohol/hepatitis). Latent mixture modeling was used to identify 25-year trajectories in BMI percent (%) change relative to baseline BMI over time. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between BMI trajectory group and prevalent NAFLD with adjustment for baseline or current Y25 BMI. Results: Among 4,423 participants, we identified 4 distinct trajectories of BMI %change: stable BMI (26.2% of the cohort, 25-year mean BMI Δ=0.7 kg/m 2 ), mild increase (46.0%, BMI Δ=5.2 kg/m 2 ), moderate increase (20.9%, BMI Δ=10.0 kg/m 2 ), and extreme increase (6.9%, BMI Δ=15.1 kg/m 2 ) (Figure). NAFLD prevalence at Y25 was higher with increasing BMI trajectory: 4.1%, 9.3%, 13.0%, and 17.6% (p-trend <0.0001). At baseline, 34.6% of participants had overweight or obesity. After adjustment for confounders, trajectories of greater BMI increase were associated with greater NAFLD prevalence independent of baseline or current Y25 BMI (Figure). Conclusion: Weight gain throughout adulthood is associated with greater prevalence of NAFLD in midlife independent of baseline or current BMI. These findings highlight weight maintenance throughout adulthood as a potential target for primary prevention of NAFLD.

S1908 Suspected Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Mortality Risk in a Population-Based Cohort Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. A-781-A-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston Dunn ◽  
Ronghui Xu ◽  
Deborah L. Wingard ◽  
Christopher Rogers ◽  
Paul Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
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