scholarly journals Financial analysis of Chir pine plantations for carbon offsets, timber and resin in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
B KC ◽  
G. A. Stainback
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Optimal Rotation ◽  
Carbon Offset ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Chir Pine ◽  
Substantial Change

A financial analysis was done for Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) plantations that produce carbon offset payments, timber and resin in a community forest context in Nepal. Results indicate that the inclusion of carbon offset payments increases rotation age and land expectation value. The optimal rotation age is approximately 35 years without including carbon offset payments, while the rotation age can increase beyond 75 years with the inclusion of carbon offset payments. The substantial change in optimal rotation age also suggests that carbon offset payments will likely change the product mix produced from Chir pine plantations. Likewise, land expectation value increases significantly with carbon offset payments indicating that local communities could benefit from such payments. The results also indicate that different assumptions about the quantity of long term carbon storage (i.e. pickling rate) have a significant impact on rotation age and land expectation value.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v22i2.9193Banko Janakari: A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 22, No. 2, 2012 NovemberPage: 3-10Uploaded date: 12/1/2013 

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of risk on the economics of juvenile spacing and commercial thinning

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1390-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Reed ◽  
Joseph Apaloo
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Optimal Rotation ◽  
Rotation Age

The temporarily increased fire hazard that is believed to result from the process of thinning is included in a single-stand model for assessing the economic benefits of juvenile spacing. Formulas for the expected net present value and the land expectation value are given along with methods for determining the age of financial maturity and the optimal rotation age. A numerical example is given to illustrate the degree of loss due to the increased fire risk. The problem of commercial thinning when the risk of fire is present is addressed using continuous-time models. It is shown how, when the fire hazard is exogenous to the thinning activity, the problem reduces to one of deterministic optimal control with the discount rate adjusted upward by an amount equal to the fire hazard rate. In the case when the fire hazard increases whenever thinning is taking place, it is shown that in general the optimal thinning policy is qualitatively different from that which is optimal in the no-risk case and involves periods of thinning at the maximum rate interspersed with periods of no thinning activity.

scholarly journals The Optimal Forest Management of an Even-Aged Stand: The Biological Rotation versus the Land Expectation Value

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Andres Susaeta ◽  
Chris Demers
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Forest Landowners ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Optimal Rotation ◽  
Rotation Age

This 4-page fact sheet written by Andres Susaeta and Chris Demers and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation provides a guide for forest landowners, managers, and stakeholders in conducting a valuation of timber investments. It reviews and provides examples of two different approaches for determining the optimal rotation age of even-aged forest stands. These methods can help forest landowners and managers in making forestry investment decisions. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr424

Assessing the long-run yield of a forest stand subject to the risk of fire

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Reed ◽  
D. Errico
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Optimal Rotation ◽  
Graphical Technique ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Theoretical Results

The problem of determining the effects of forest fire on stand yields is often neglected in forest yield analyses. Using previous theoretical results, "fire-adjusted, volume–rotation curves" can be developed which provide a graphical technique for determining optimal rotation age and long-run yield when the risk of fire is present. For white spruce of the northern interior of British Columbia it is shown that even modest rates of fire can result in very large reductions in long-run yield. Similar results are established for the effects of fire on land expectation value, which is dissipated very quickly under the risk of fire.

scholarly journals VOLUMETRIC AND ECONOMIC OPTIMAL ROTATIONS FOR FIREWOOD PRODUCTION OF Eucalyptus urophylla IN IPAMERI, STATE OF GOIAS

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Imaña-Encinas ◽  
Otacílio Antunes Santana ◽  
Christian Rainier Imaña
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Value Maximization ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Optimal Rotation ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Rotation Age

This work analyzes the volumetric and economic production of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake stands oriented to firewood production in a three-years cutting cycle, in the region of Ipameri, State of Goias. 1,545 trees were measured and rigorously scaled. The volume data obtained was adjusted by Schumacher log-reciprocal model. The volumetrically optimal rotation was defined by the Mean Annual Increment and Land Expectation Value maximization criteria. The optimal rotation ages were between 5 and 6 years, and the economically optimal rotations were around 3 years of age. In relation to the sampled data, it may be inferred that the optimal harvest age should be at age 4.Keywords: Biological rotation age; increments; forest management. ResumoRotações volumétrica e econômica ótimas para produção de lenha de Eucalyptus urophylla em Ipameri, estado de Goiás. Este trabalho analisa a produção volumétrica e econômica de talhões de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake destinados à produção de lenha em ciclos de corte de três anos, na região de Ipameri, Goiás. Foram medidas e posteriormente cubadas rigorosamente 1.545 árvores. Os volumes obtidos foram ajustados ao modelo log recíproco de Schumacher. Obteve-se a otimização da rotação volumétrica pela maximização do incremento médio anual e do valor esperado da terra. As rotações volumetricamente ótimas identificaram a idade entre 5 e 6 anos, e as rotações economicamente ótimas ficaram em torno de três anos de idade. Com base nos dados coletados, se infere que a rotação ótima de corte deveria ficar na idade de 4 anos.Palavras-chave: Idade de corte; incrementos; manejo florestal.

scholarly journals Integration ofAndrographis paniculataas Potential Medicinal Plant in Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghiiSarg.) Plantation of North-Western Himalaya

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Shekher Sanwal ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
S. D. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Chir Pine ◽  
North Western

The integration ofAndrographis paniculataunderPinus roxburghii(Chir pine) plantation has been studied to evaluate the growth and yield for its economic viability and conservation. It was grown on three topographical aspects, namely, northern, north-western, and western, at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm, followed by three tillage depths, namely, minimum (0 cm), medium (up to 10 cm), and deep (up to 15 cm) tillage. The growth parameters, namely, plant height and number of branches per plant, were recorded as significantly higher on western aspect and lowest on northern aspect except for leaf area index which was found nonsignificant. However under all tillage practices all the growth parameters in both understorey and open conditions were found to be nonsignificant except for plant height which was found to be significantly highest under deep tillage and lowest under minimum tillage. The study of net returns forAndrographis paniculatarevealed that it had positive average annual returns even in understorey conditions which indicate its possible economic viability under integration of Chir pine plantations. Hence net returns can be enhanced by integratingAndrographis paniculataand this silvimedicinal system can be suggested which will help utilizing an unutilized part of land and increase total productivity from such lands besides conservation of theA. paniculata in situ.

scholarly journals Alternative Silvicultural Approaches to Managing Jack Pine Plantations for Endangered Species Habitat and Forest Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
Daphna Gadoth-Goodman ◽  
David E Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Optimal Rotation ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Time Substitution ◽  
Endangered Species Habitat ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Since the early 1980s, ca 1,550 hectares (3,800 ac) of high-density jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations have been established annually in northern Lower Michigan to serve as habitat for the federally endangered Kirtland’s warbler (KW; Setophaga kirtlandii). Because these plantations do not appear capable of producing merchantable sawlogs by their planned 50-year harvest age, we investigated the potential to implement reduced rotation lengths in these stands to produce biomass and/or pulpwood. We used space-for-time substitution to assess biomass and volume accrual over time, using our own locally derived allometric biomass equations. The predicted optimal rotation age for biomass was 20 years, and the predicted optimal rotation age for pulpwood volume was 28 years. We compared the total land area required for management under these rotation scenarios to continue establishing 1,550 hectares (3,800 ac) of KW habitat annually. Management on the current 50-year cycle requires ca 77,500 hectares (191,500 ac). Management for pulpwood would reduce this to ca 43,400 hectares (107,250 ac), and management for biomass would require ca 31,000 hectares (76,600 ac). Our results suggest that rotation lengths in these plantations could be substantially reduced, allowing for reductions in the total land area dedicated to warbler habitat, allowing for diversification of management at the landscape scale.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF LOBLOLLY PINE STANDS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL AS A RESULT OF DIFFERENT CROWN THINNING INTENSITIES1

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Dobner Jr ◽  
Dagoberto Stein de Quadros
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Land Expectation Value ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Crown Thinning ◽  
Log Price ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

ABSTRACT Approximately 1.6 million hectares of southern Brazil are cultivated with pines, and mainly with the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). More than one third of the stands belong to independent log producers, whose aim is to maximize their economic results. In this study, a thinning experiment was evaluated over a production period of 30 years. The stands evaluated were submitted to three different crown thinning intensities, with an unthinned stand used as a control. The aim of the study was to evaluate economic criteria regarding realistic discount rates and production periods varying between 16-30 years. For the circumstances that were evaluated, 'extreme' and early release from competition of pruned loblolly pine trees lead to the best economic performance (land expectation value = ~36,000 US$ ha-1, i = 3% yr-1). Stands subjected to crown thinnings, independently of intensity, produced three times the economic output of unthinned and unpruned stands. Although the optimal harvest ages, according to the internal rate of return, are between 18-22 years for thinned and unthinned stands, from a long-term perspective (land expectation value) and for the current relationship between log price and size, the optimal economic performance requires that production periods are extended (to 24-26 years) from those currently practised in southern Brazil (15-20 years).

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Throatless Gasifier Using Pine Needles as a Feedstock for Power Generation

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Dhaundiyal ◽  
Pramod Chandra Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Gasification Rate ◽  
Specific Biomass ◽  
Chir Pine ◽  
The Given

This paper deals with the performance evaluation of a throatless gasifier TG-SI-10E. Evaluation of the throatless gasifier was done in three streams, which were the thermal, design and economic aspects. It was tested with pine needles, derived from the Himalayan chir pine (Pinus roxburghii). A non-isokinetic sampling technique was used for measuring the tar and dust contents. The carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emission at the exhaust of engine was in the range of 12.8% and 0.1-0.5% respectively. The maximum temperature of producer gas measured at the outlet of the gasifier was 505 °C. The specific biomass consumption rate of pine needles was calculated to be 1.595 kg/kWh (electrical). Specific gasification rate for the given design was found to be 107 kg/m2h. Economic evaluation was based on direct tax incidence.

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