Conservation status of Ramsar sites of Nepal Tarai: an overview

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Siwakoti ◽  
Jhamak B Karki
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
The Status ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

Nepal houses only inland freshwater wetlands, ranging from floodplains of snow-melt-fed cold Himalayan rivers, warm rivers originating in the mid hills, high altitudinal glacial lakes to hot springs, ponds, ox-bow lakes, marshes and swamps. These wetlands support several endemic and globally threatened species of flora and fauna. Besides, wetland sites have significant recreational, religio-cultural and spiritual values. There are over 240 wetland sites in Nepal, of which 163 are in the Terai (plain lowland). Wetlands found in Tarai are comparatively more inventoried than the wetlands of mountains and the Himalayan regions of the country. The Terai region (below 300 m) covers about 14% of the country's total area, where half of Nepal's total populations exist. About 11% population of the country is wetland dependent; majority of them are living in the Terai region. The country has nine Ramsar sites, of which, four are in the Tarai region. Among them, two sites (Koshi Tappu wetland, and Beeshazar and associated lakes) lie inside the protected areas and two sites (Ghodaghodi Lake area and Jagadishpur Reservoir) are distributed outside the protected areas. The Koshi Tappu wetland lies along the floodplains of the Sapta Koshi River in the eastern Tarai within the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve. It is the first Ramsar site in Nepal. Beeshazar and associated lakes lies in the buffer zone of the Chitwan National Park along the inner Tarai of Central Nepal. The Ghodaghodi Lake Area (2500 ha) lies in the far western Nepal, and comprises about 14 large and small ox-bow lakes/ponds with associated marshes, swamps, river/streams, springs, seasonal marshy grasslands and human made wetlands, out of them, Ghodaghodi Lake (138 ha) is the largest natural lake in the Nepal's Tarai. The lake system falls between the Bardia National Park and the Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve of the country and  the surrounding forest functions as an important corridor for the movement of wildlife between these as well as the Tarai and the northern Siwalik hills. Similarly, the Jagadishpur Reservoir (225 ha) which lies in Central Nepal's Tarai is the largest man-made wetland in Nepal for irrigation purpose. It is an important site for migratory and resident birds. In this paper we highlight the status, threats, conservation issues and management practices of these Ramsar sites lying in Nepal Tarai. Key-words: Ghodaghodi Lake; Jagdishpur Reservoir; Nepal Tarai; outside protected area; wetlands.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2914 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 76-84

scholarly journals Crop Protection and Its Effectiveness against Wildlife: A Case Study of Two Villages of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Pandey ◽  
Siddhartha Bajra Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Damage

A complex relationship between the residents and protected areas continue to be an obstacle to successful conservation of protected areas. Conflicts between park authority and people living around the park pose a threat to conservation. Moreover, crop depredation due to wildlife incurs a severe economic loss to communities living in the close vicinity of the park, affecting the livelihood and well-being of locals. Many studies have been carried out emphasizing the identification and quantification of crop damage, but studies highlighting the means used for the crop protection and their effectiveness are limited. This paper examines frequency of the crop damage by wildlife and efficacy of utilized management practices in Shivapuri National Park (SNP). Altogether 132 households were visited in two buffer zone villages namely, Sikre and Jhor Mahankhal of Shivapuri National Park, Nepal. The study suggested that crop depredation by wildlife was a function of several factors, namely, distance of the farmland from the park, size of the crop raiding animals, frequency of their attacks on the farmland, and the type of crops. Five different measures were identified by the communities which they regularly used to prevent crop damage. Both traditional as well as modern means were used by households to guard crops from invading wild animals. The means of crop protection from wildlife differed according to the type of animal and crop being protected. Biofencing and trenches were effective for the small animals. Watch tower “Machans” and throwing flaming sticks and making noises were the most effective and safest means of crop guarding from all kind of animals. Though crop guarding was intensive, no means were found to be able to prevent crop damage completely. Thus, site specific management strategies as well as technical and financial support from donor organizations would be most useful to minimize crop loss.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 1-10

Population abundance of the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius in the Haut Niger National Park, Republic of Guinea / Abondance de la population d'hippopotame commun Hippopotamus amphibius dans le Parc National du Haut Niger, République de Guinée

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brugière ◽  
Bakary Magassouba ◽  
Amidou Sylla ◽  
Halimou Diallo ◽  
Mamadou Sow
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
The Status ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe Republic of Guinea is thought to contain the largest population of common hippopotamus in West Africa. However, no systematic field survey has been carried out recently and the information available is limited to informal observations. To clarify the status of the common hippopotamus in Guinea, we carried out a biannual population survey along the section of the Niger River (the largest river in Guinea) within the Haut Niger National Park. We counted 93 hippopotamuses in 28 groups in the dry season and 77 hippopotamuses in 23 groups in the wet season. Mean group size and number of neonates did not change between the seasons. Hippopotomuses were more numerous along the river sections bordering uncultivated floodplains. This underlines the significance of this habitat (which is used as a grazing area) for conservation of this species. Haut Niger National Park is the most important protected area in Guinea for conservation of the common hippopotamus. Hippopotamus-human and -cattle conflicts in terms of floodplain use in the park's buffer zone should be closely monitored. Floodplain conversion to rice fields represents one of the most important threats to the long-term conservation of hippopotamus populations in Guinea.

Yellowstone Tour

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Smith ◽  
Lee J. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The One ◽  
Direction Opposite ◽  
Earthquake Area

This tour of Yellowstone National Park and the Hebgen Lake earthquake area begins at Yellowstone’s south entrance, just north of Grand Teton National Park. Those entering Yellowstone from other directions may start this tour at any stop that is convenient. For that reason, we have not shown cumulative mileage for this trip from start to finish. Instead, we provide cumulative mileage only from one stop to the next, and for points of interest between them. (Figure 9.1. See also Figure 1.4 for a view of the region’s topography.) Two long days or three less hectic days are required for this 251-mile tour. For those with limited time, some time-saving options are included, such as skipping West Yellowstone, Montana, and the Hebgen Lake earthquake area (Stops 7—12) or omitting Mammoth Hot Springs and other stops on the northern end of the park (Stops 14—16). If you want to spend only two days in Yellowstone and its environs, start early the first day (136 miles) and continue to Stop 12, West Yellowstone, Montana, where overnight accommodations are available. During the second day, visit Stops 13—20 (115 miles). If you wish to divide this chapter’s tour into three days, begin at Stop 1 and proceed through Stop 7, also West Yellowstone (79 miles). Spend the night there. Tour the Hebgen Lake area, Stops 8—11, the second day and return to West Yellowstone, Stop 12, the second night (57 miles). Cover Stops 13—20 the third day (115 miles). The tour ends inside Yellowstone, so you may want to spend the night in the area if you have a long drive home. The driving tour of Yellowstone is passable only from late spring to fall, when park roads are open. West Yellowstone, Montana, and the Hebgen Lake area, Stops 7—12, are accessible year-round, although winter snow covers most geological features. Vehicle odometers vary, sometimes significantly, so mileages should be taken as approximate. Some visitors may choose to drive part or all of these tours in a direction opposite to the one we use.

scholarly journals Distribution and conservation status of Bornean Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron schleiermacheri in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. O'Brien ◽  
Nurul Laksmi Winarni ◽  
Frida Mindasari Saanin ◽  
Margaret F. Kinnaird ◽  
Paul Jepson
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lowland Rainforest ◽  
And Control

SummaryWe distributed questionnaires and conducted interviews between July and November 1996 to develop a better understanding of the status and distribution of Bornean Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron schleiermacheri in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. We found that many people were familiar with the species, that it is apparently widely distributed but rare in lowland forest, and that populations may be declining. We received reports of recent sightings of the pheasant at 23 locations in 9 survey areas. The primary threats to Bornean Peacock-pheasants are habitat loss within logging concessions and hunting. Recommendations for future conservation action include increasing the representation of lowland rainforest in Kalimantan's protected area system, specifically the proposed extension of Bukit Raya National Park, and control of hunting within logging concessions.

scholarly journals Status and distribution of the globally threatened Bristled Grassbird Chaetornis striata (Jerdon, 1841) (Fam. Sylviidae) in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hem Sagar Baral ◽  
Jan Wattel ◽  
Philip A Brewin ◽  
Steve J Ormerod
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Density Estimate ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Status Information ◽  
Migratory Status

Lowland grasslands in Nepal were thoroughly surveyed in 1996-1999 to assess the status and distribution of the globally threatened Bristled Grassbird Chaetornis striata. Birds were located on foot, from elephants and from jeeps by sight and sound backed up by mistnets and tape playback. The status information was updated again by visiting these areas in 2010-2012. Bristled Grassbirds were recorded in Sukla Phanta and Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserves, and Chitwan National Park where most of the Nepal population is confined. From the research, it was found that they were most associated with newly formed Saccharum and Imperata dominated grasslands during summer. The low numbers present during winter suggested that this species was primarily a summer migrant to Nepal. A total population for Nepal is presented based on a reliable density estimate. Loss and degradation of grassland habitat and invasion of Mikania micrantha were identified as the major threats. Further research on migratory status, better control of cattle grazing inside reserves, expansion of Protected Areas to include more grassland, and listing of Bristled Grassbird as protected under the wildlife law of Nepal for its conservation are highly recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10244   The Initiation 2013 Vol.5; 1-15

Population abundance of the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius in the Haut Niger National Park, Republic of Guinea / Abondance de la population d'hippopotame commun Hippopotamus amphibius dans le Parc National du Haut Niger, République de Guinée

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brugière ◽  
Bakary Magassouba ◽  
Amidou Sylla ◽  
Halimou Diallo ◽  
Mamadou Sow
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
The Status ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe Republic of Guinea is thought to contain the largest population of common hippopotamus in West Africa. However, no systematic field survey has been carried out recently and the information available is limited to informal observations. To clarify the status of the common hippopotamus in Guinea, we carried out a biannual population survey along the section of the Niger River (the largest river in Guinea) within the Haut Niger National Park. We counted 93 hippopotamuses in 28 groups in the dry season and 77 hippopotamuses in 23 groups in the wet season. Mean group size and number of neonates did not change between the seasons. Hippopotomuses were more numerous along the river sections bordering uncultivated floodplains. This underlines the significance of this habitat (which is used as a grazing area) for conservation of this species. Haut Niger National Park is the most important protected area in Guinea for conservation of the common hippopotamus. Hippopotamus-human and -cattle conflicts in terms of floodplain use in the park's buffer zone should be closely monitored. Floodplain conversion to rice fields represents one of the most important threats to the long-term conservation of hippopotamus populations in Guinea.

scholarly journals Protected areas host important remnants of marine turtle nesting stocks in the Dominican Republic

Oryx ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohiana Revuelta ◽  
Yolanda M. León ◽  
Pablo Feliz ◽  
Brendan J. Godley ◽  
Juan A. Raga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Marine Turtle ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
The South ◽  
Leatherback Turtles ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
The Status

AbstractNesting by marine turtles in the Caribbean has declined considerably, mainly because of human exploitation, but there has previously been no monitoring in the Dominican Republic. We present the first detailed assessment of the status of marine turtle nesting in the country, based on surveys during 2006–2010. Nesting populations of hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata and leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea are of regional importance and the green turtle Chelonia mydas is still present, although nesting in low numbers. The two main nesting sites are within protected areas: the Jaragua National Park in the south-west, important for leatherback turtles (mean of 126 nests per season), and Del Este National Park on Saona Island in the south-east, principally for hawksbill turtles (mean of 100 nests per season). Comparison with historical data suggests all rookeries are profoundly reduced in size. Although the main nesting beaches are within protected areas, illegal egg-take and meat consumption continues there, and also elsewhere in the country.

scholarly journals Occurrence of bats in protected areas of Nepal: An update on species richness and distribution records

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Sanjan Thapa ◽  
Dibya Raj Dahal ◽  
Rameshwor Ghimire ◽  
Rishi Baral ◽  
Bhupendra Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Cynopterus Sphinx ◽  
Annapurna Conservation Area ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Bat Diversity ◽  
Occurrence Records

Bat surveys in 20 Protected Areas (PAs) of Nepal are sporadic and/or had targeted purposively a few localities, therefore, bat diversity from the PAs is yet to be explored. Bat species richness in PAs from two reviews until 2011 are inconsistent. In total, seven surveys have been undertaken in six PAs since 2011. Hence, an update and revision on chiropteran account from the PAs of Nepal is warranted. We reviewed available literatures and museum collection records, and further collated and plotted bat occurrence coordinates into the country and mapped them. In total, 44 of 53 bat species in Nepal have been recorded from 12 PAs. Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) reports highest species richness (22) followed by Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park and Buffer Zone (SNNP & BZ) (15), Makalu Barun National Park and Buffer Zone (MBNP & BZ) (14) and Chitwan National Park and Buffer Zone (CNP & BZ) (13). In contrast, survey localities are more in CNP & BZ (12), ACA and SNNP & BZ (equally 11) and MBNP & BZ (10). Species richness increased proportionately with higher survey efforts and including more habitat types in respective PAs. Three species: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rh. pearsonii and Rh. sinicus are recorded from six out of 12 PAs. Pipistrellus javanicus (12), Hipposideros armiger (10), Cynopterus sphinx (9) and Rh. sinicus (9) are recorded from maximum number of surveyed localities in the PAs. All the PAs have limited occurrence records. Therefore, intensive surveys are recommended for understanding actual chiropteran diversity to the PAs of Nepal.

scholarly journals The occurrence of the flat-headed cat Prionailurus planiceps in south-east Sumatra

Oryx ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Bezuijen
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Riparian Habitats ◽  
Made In

AbstractThree incidental sightings of the flat-headed cat Pnonailurus planiceps, a little-known species, were made in south-east Sumatra. Sightings were on lowland floodplains in two distinct habitats, primary peat swamp forest and secondary lowland forest, the latter suggesting some tolerance to modified habitats. Sightings were along or near waterways. A dead adult male found in Berbak National Park is the first confirmed record for the park. Morphometrics of this individual were consistent with other published measurements for the species. Museum specimens indicate a wide historic distribution in south-east Sumatra. Recent information confirms the species's presence in protected areas of eastern, southern and western Sumatra, although this is mostly limited to presence/absence data, and the conservation status and habitat requirements of the species in south-east Sumatra are unknown. Regional degradation of riparian habitats and the isolation of protected areas warrant concern for the conservation status of the species.

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