scholarly journals Theory of Shadow

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Prabin K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Object Distance ◽  
Symmetrical Point ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
Newton's Second Law ◽  
The Relationship

Generally, the opposite nature of brightness is supposed to be darkness i.e. shadow. For the formation of shadow, source of light; object and screen are required. We can see forming shadow, but we can not see the some rules of nature that governs the shadow. As for example- F=MA, This is the famous equation from the Newton's second law of motion. It shows the relationship among applied force F, mass of body M and acceleration produced on body A. This even helps to formulate the much famous equation E=MC². In the same way, 'Theory of shadow' also shows the relationship among the different factors. From the close observation, when the symmetrical point source is taken, object distance; area of object and shadow distance are interrelated to the nature and size of shadow. 'Theory of Shadow' focuses on how these different factors are interconnected, how do they rule the formation of shadow and finally give the whole conclusion in the beauty of equation. For this work, experimental; mathematical and geometrical procedures are being applied while in each and every trial, The 'Theory of Shadow' is found to be exactly proved.Key words: Point source; Area of object; Object distance; Area of shadow; Shadow distanceThe Himalayan PhysicsVol.1, No.1, May, 2010Page: 101-105Uploaded Date: 29 July, 2011

scholarly journals Modification of Newton's second law of motion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal Singh Nafria
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Newton's Second Law

Abstract In this paper, the effect of resistances on applied force has been studied practically. As per the study, the existing Newton’s equation (F=ma) calculates only net force and does not count the effect of resistances. It has been observed that in every action some part of the applied force is required to overcome the effect of resistances (friction, air resistances, etc.); and when applied force exceeds that amount only then a stationary body accelerate. Hence a mathematical expression (F=ma+r) has been provided by including a factor describing above said resistances.

First and second laws of thermodynamics: relationship, “inconsistency”, hidden effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
A. M. Savchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Konovalov ◽  
A. V. Laushkin
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Entropy Of Mixing ◽  
Ideal Mixing ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the first and second laws of thermodynamics based on their energy nature is considered. It is noted that the processes described by the second law of thermodynamics often take place hidden within the system, which makes it difficult to detect them. Nevertheless, even with ideal mixing, an increase in the internal energy of the system occurs, numerically equal to an increase in free energy. The largest contribution to the change in the value of free energy is made by the entropy of mixing, which has energy significance. The entropy of mixing can do the job, which is confirmed in particular by osmotic processes.

Feeling Newton’s Second Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Coletta ◽  
Josh Bernardin ◽  
Daniel Pascoe ◽  
Anatol Hoemke
Keyword(s):  
Second Law ◽  
Newton's Second Law

Scootin' with Newton: Teaching Newton's Second Law Using Motion

Strategies ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Stevens-Smith ◽  
Shelley W. Fones
Keyword(s):  
Second Law ◽  
Newton's Second Law

scholarly journals QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS, INFORMATION AND ENTROPY PRODUCTION

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (28) ◽  
pp. 3369-3382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. N. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
G. VITIELLO ◽  
A. WIDOM
Keyword(s):  
Entropy Production ◽  
Information Entropy ◽  
Quantum Measurements ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Quantum Object ◽  
Measurement Apparatus ◽  
Thermodynamic Entropy ◽  
Classical Measurement ◽  
The Relationship

In order to understand the Landau–Lifshitz conjecture on the relationship between quantum measurements and the thermodynamic second law, we discuss the notion of "diabatic" and "adiabatic" forces exerted by the quantum object on the classical measurement apparatus. The notion of heat and work in measurements is made manifest in this approach and the relationship between information entropy and thermodynamic entropy is explored.

A dynamic method to measure the shear strength of snow

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (196) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Nakamura ◽  
Osamu Abe ◽  
Ryuhei Hashimoto ◽  
Takeshi Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Newton's Second Law

AbstractA new vibration apparatus for measuring the shear strength of snow has been designed and fabricated. The force applied to a snow block is calculated using Newton’s second law. Results from this apparatus concerning the dependence of the shear strength on snow density, overburden load and strain rate are in reasonable agreement with those obtained from the work of previous researchers. Snow densities ranged from 160 to 320 kg m−3. The overburden load and strain rate ranged from 1.95 × 10−1to 7.79 × 10−1kPa and 2.9 × 10−4to 9.1 × 10−3s−1respectively.

Utilizing the Effort/Motion Approach in the Simulation of Interconnected Rigid Body Systems

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Duke Perreira
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Rigid Body ◽  
Multibody Systems ◽  
Invariant Form ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Motion Equations ◽  
Newton's Second Law ◽  
Constraint Surface

Abstract The effort/motion approach has been developed for use in designing, simulating and controlling multibody systems. Some aspects of each of these topics are discussed here. In the effort/motion formulation two sets of equations based on the orthogonal projections of a dimensional gauge invariant form of Newton’s Second Law occur. The projections are onto the normal and tangent directions of a dimensional gauge invariant constraint surface. The paper shows how these equations are obtained for a particular linkage with redundant effort and motion actuation. Two alternative Runga-Kutta based approaches for numerical simulation of the effort/motion equations are developed and applied in simulating the motion and determining the effort generated in the example linkage under various conditions. Oscillation about equilibrium positions, solutions with constant motion and with constant effort are given as examples of the approach.

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