On the Quantum Nature of a Fireball Created in Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Collisions

In the article, the fireball formed in the collision of relativistic nuclei is considered as a quantum object. Based on this, an attempt is made to explain the difference in the measurements of hyperon yields in the two experiments - NA49 and NA57. Using the basic principles of quantum mechanics, it was shown that a fireball can have two quantum states - with and without ignited Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). With an increase of the collision energy of heavy ions, the probability of QGP ignition increases. At the same time, the probability of the formation of a fireball without igniting the QGP also remains not zero.

Quantum halo states in two-dimensional dipolar clusters

A halo is an intrinsically quantum object defined as a bound state of a spatial size which extends deeply into the classically forbidden region. Previously, halos have been observed in bound states of two and less frequently of three atoms. Here, we propose a realization of halo states containing as many as six atoms. We report the binding energies, pair correlation functions, spatial distributions, and sizes of few-body clusters composed by bosonic dipolar atoms in a bilayer geometry. We find two very distinct halo structures, for large interlayer separation the halo structure is roughly symmetric and we discover an unusual highly anisotropic shape of halo states close to the unbinding threshold. Our results open avenues of using ultracold gases for the experimental realization of halos composed by atoms with dipolar interactions and containing as many as six atoms.

Nature Has No Elementary Particles and Makes No Measurements or Predictions: Quantum Measurement and Quantum Theory, from Bohr to Bell and from Bell to Bohr

This article reconsiders the concept of physical reality in quantum theory and the concept of quantum measurement, following Bohr, whose analysis of quantum measurement led him to his concept of a (quantum) “phenomenon,” referring to “the observations obtained under the specified circumstances,” in the interaction between quantum objects and measuring instruments. This situation makes the terms “observation” and “measurement,” as conventionally understood, inapplicable. These terms are remnants of classical physics or still earlier history, from which classical physics inherited it. As defined here, a quantum measurement does not measure any preexisting property of the ultimate constitution of the reality responsible for quantum phenomena. An act of measurement establishes a quantum phenomenon by an interaction between the instrument and the quantum object or in the present view the ultimate constitution of the reality responsible for quantum phenomena and, at the time of measurement, also quantum objects. In the view advanced in this article, in contrast to that of Bohr, quantum objects, such as electrons or photons, are assumed to exist only at the time of measurement and not independently, a view that redefines the concept of quantum object as well. This redefinition becomes especially important in high-energy quantum regimes and quantum field theory and allows this article to define a new concept of quantum field. The article also considers, now following Bohr, the quantum measurement as the entanglement between quantum objects and measurement instruments. The argument of the article is grounded in the concept “reality without realism” (RWR), as underlying quantum measurement thus understood, and the view, the RWR view, of quantum theory defined by this concept. The RWR view places a stratum of physical reality thus designated, here the reality ultimately responsible for quantum phenomena, beyond representation or knowledge, or even conception, and defines the corresponding set of interpretations quantum mechanics or quantum field theory, such as the one assumed in this article, in which, again, not only quantum phenomena but also quantum objects are (idealizations) defined by measurement. As such, the article also offers a broadly conceived response to J. Bell’s argument “against ‘measurement’”.

Modern compressive tomography for quantum information science

This review serves as a concise introductory survey of modern compressive tomography developed since 2019. These are schemes meant for characterizing arbitrary low-rank quantum objects, be it an unknown state, a process or detector, using minimal measuring resources (hence compressive) without any a priori assumptions (rank, sparsity, eigenbasis, etc.) about the quantum object. This paper contains a reasonable amount of technical details for the quantum-information community to start applying the methods discussed here. To facilitate the understanding of formulation logic and physics of compressive tomography, the theoretical concepts and important numerical results (both new and cross-referenced) shall be presented in a pedagogical manner.

Trinity Metaphysics

A ternary ontological model in which the living being is a triad of I – form – substrate is described. I is an intangible subject, contemplating the content of consciousness and controlling the material body, which is the unity of the form and the substrate. The contents of consciousness are connected both with the form of the body, which I contemplate in the inner “mental space” in the form of in­formation, and with the substrate, which embodies the forms of the body and is responsible for sensations and intentions. The problem of control of the material body by the non-material self is solved under the assumption that the human brain is a quantum object. The ternary model of a living being is inscribed in an absolute ontology, in which the Absolute also has a threefold structure and is the unstitched unity of the absolute I, the absolute Form and the absolute Sub­strate. The Absolute creates the other world with its threefold energies, which provides the threefold structure of a living being. The created world arises from the timeless world of the potential possibilities of the Universe, which modern cosmology associates with its wave function. Created entities arise in the process of alienation from the Absolute, resulting in free will.

Metaphysical unity of transcendental psychology and quantum mechanics. Article 2.

This article is a continuation of the previous one, published in this journal under the same title. The article continues the theoretical consideration of signs of the unity of transcendental psychology (TP) and quantum mechanics (QM) in the vision of Aristotle's metaphysics. In the context of the metaphysical triad necessary-possible-real, the «intersection points» of A. I. Mirakyan’s transcendental psychology and the interpretation of quantum mechanics by A. Yu. Sevalnikov. It is shown that in the both transcendental psychology and quantum mechanics epistemological problems are associated with the impossibility of using the language of their classical predecessors. In both sciences, it becomes necessary to use a new language, a new way of thinking and a new logic of understanding the phenomena under study. All this allows us to conclude that both in transcendental psychology and in quantum mechanics, researchers are dealing with a new ontology of reality that differs from that studied in classical physics and in the phenomenology of classical psychology. It became necessary to divide reality into observable and unobservable. This allows us to say that we are talking about polyontic (or modal) philosophy – different modalities or modes of being, within the framework of which it is necessary to consider the relationship between the necessary, the possible and the real things. Both sciences are the sciences of becoming. If QM is the science of the formation of the observed world, then TP is the science of the generation of phenomena of psychical reality. This is one of the reasons for the unity of their methodological foundations. There is a fairly close similarity in the understanding of the concept of «coexisting opportunities» (or «potential opportunities»). In TP, it coincides with the concept of the coexistence of functionally equal opportunities for reflecting various concomitant properties of objects, and in QM – with the principle of superposition of states of elementary particles. The relative nature of the formation of the phenomenon in the reality of the real follows it. In TP, this is expressed in the realization of one of the coexisting possibilities of reflecting any of the presented properties of the object, and in QM this is expressed as a result of the reduction of the wave function to one of the possible states of a quantum object. The relativity of the formation of a specific phenomenon, determined by the existence of «coexisting possibilities», is realized according to the principle of relativity to the means of observation.

Post non-classical Synthesis of Knowledge

Academician V. S. Stepin, considering the objects of classical and non-classical types of rationality like aspects or fragments of self-developing systems as the object of post non-classical type of rationality, provided a methodological foundation for formulating a post non-classical synthesis of foregoing knowledge on the basis of new theoretizations of post non-classical sciences. The present article provides examples of such synthesis in Quantum Physics of the Alive as a phenomenon of post non-classical science, Physics of the Alive demonstrated, how the self-organization of a live organism's own coherent electromagnetic field entails the dynamic stability of the organism as a macroscopic quantum object. As a result of such macroscopic nature, the spreading of electromagnetic waves of millimeter range in organism and their reflection from bones and nails as well as the interference of direct and reflective waves, creating papillary patterns, proceeds entirely according to the laws of classic electrodynamics. Moreover, the space projection of limit cycles of this coherent field can be naturally associated with channels of Chinese acupuncture. Quantum Medicine, which is based on Physics of the Alive, successfully uses the experience of the ancient culture. Thus postnonclsssical science realizes the synthesis of knowledge of different realms and kinds. Besides of this example of postnonclassical synthesis of knowledge, author shows, how non-linear theories, describing variants of non-linear dynamics of complex system, consider the choice by chance for certain variant as real necessity of historic development of our world. However, no common recipe of the synthesis apparently exists. One can only speak about creation of specific post non-classical theories of specific becoming and existence of self-organizing systems. It is important that the task of creating such synthesis can be correctly formulated now by utilizing the theoretical framework of Prof. V. S. Stepin. Post non-classical synthesis of knowledge provides the unity of science and demonstrates the unity of our world.

What is Quantumness?

Henry Bar is about to become the first quantum superhero, having discovered the incredible yet true principle that all things, large and small, are subject to the laws of quantum physics. He finds out that it may be possible, albeit extremely challenging, even for us humans to manifest “quantumness”. This principle underlies Henry’s implementation of his quantum suit that allows him to act as a quantum object. In order to understand this principle, the historical route from early atomism to the emergence of quantum mechanics (QM) as a revolutionary theory of radiation and matter is presented. The inception of QM was a landmark in the age-old quest for answers to the question: is reality, in its complexity, reducible to simple constituents? Alternative questions include: How far up the complexity ladder can QM be pushed as a framework for explaining reality? The appendix to this chapter introduces mathematical notations for QM phenomena.

What is a Quantum Superposition?

Henry has successfully tested the Split button of his quantum suit that enables a quantum object to be in several places at the same time. This bizarre phenomenon is explained by the superposition principle, which reflects Henry’s wavelike properties. Yet Henry remains a single entity as he splits into two superposed versions. In order to understand such behavior, the emergence of the relevant concepts, from classical wave theory, through the quanta hypothesis and the subsequent development of QM, are reviewed. The possibility of such momentous changes in human thinking as the QM scientific revolution is disconcerting if one seeks the truth of the world through physics. A retrospective of the views on the rapport of physics with reality and its roots in mythical or symbolic pictures of the world suggests that the QM revolution eludes straightforward explanation. The QM superposition principle is mathematically formulated in the appendix to this chapter.