Effect of elevation and latitude on spring phenology of Rhododendron at Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, East Nepal

Mountainous terrain in East corner of Nepal is good location for phenological studies. Spring phenology in Rhododendron arboreum Sm. was monitored around Ghunsa river valley in Kanchenjunga Conservation Area of Nepal. Observations were carried our following the crown density method; flowering events of the selected species were recorded in 15-days interval. Flowering activity including duration of flowering and synchrony were determined. In addition, expected difference in flower onset time in two consecutive monitoring plots was determined. Elevation, latitude and longitude were regressed against flower onset to determine effect of each variable on flower onset. Delay in flower onset with rise in elevation, North latitude and West longitude was found in the results of the regression. Full bloom phase was found highly synchronized throughout the elevation gradient with contraction of flowering duration. High synchrony also indicates that the reproductive timing might plastic enough to cope with short-term change in environment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9154 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(4): 253-257

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Short-term Change on Pressure Pain Threshold and Vertical Jump when Foam Roll Exercises and Vibration Foam Roll Exercises

Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy ◽

10.24332/aospt.2017.14.1.16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 137-145

Author(s):

Sangwan Han

Keyword(s):

Pain Threshold ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Pressure Pain Threshold ◽

Short Term ◽

Pressure Pain ◽

Short Term Change ◽

Term Change

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The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mammographic Density during a Premenopausal Weight Loss Intervention Study

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13133245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3245

Author(s):

Emma C. Atakpa ◽

Adam R. Brentnall ◽

Susan Astley ◽

Jack Cuzick ◽

D. Gareth Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Mass ◽

Breast Density ◽

Small Sample ◽

Weight Loss Intervention ◽

Short Term ◽

Dense Area ◽

Short Term Change ◽

Term Change

We evaluated the association between short-term change in body mass index (BMI) and breast density during a 1 year weight-loss intervention (Manchester, UK). We included 65 premenopausal women (35–45 years, ≥7 kg adult weight gain, family history of breast cancer). BMI and breast density (semi-automated area-based, automated volume-based) were measured at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years after study entry (1 year post intervention). Cross-sectional (between-women) and short-term change (within-women) associations between BMI and breast density were measured using repeated-measures correlation coefficients and multivariable linear mixed models. BMI was positively correlated with dense volume between-women (r = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.61), but less so within-women (r = 0.08, 95%CI: −0.16, 0.28). There was little association with dense area (between-women r = −0.12, 95%CI: −0.38, 0.16; within-women r = 0.01, 95%CI: −0.24, 0.25). BMI and breast fat were positively correlated (volume: between r = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.69, 0.84, within r = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.75; area: between r = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.63, 0.82, within r = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.63). Multivariable models reported similar associations. Exploratory analysis suggested associations between BMI gain from 20 years and density measures (standard deviation change per +5 kg/m2 BMI: dense area: +0.61 (95%CI: 0.12, 1.09); fat volume: −0.31 (95%CI: −0.62, 0.00)). Short-term BMI change is likely to be positively associated with breast fat, but we found little association with dense tissue, although power was limited by small sample size.

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Short-Term Change in Distance Walked in 6 Min Is an Indicator of Outcome in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure in Clinical Practice

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacc.2006.02.061 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 99-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Andrea Passantino ◽

Rocco Lagioia ◽

Filippo Mastropasqua ◽

Domenico Scrutinio

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Change ◽

Term Change

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The Southern Ocean benthic fauna and climate change: a historical perspective

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1992.0150 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 338 (1285) ◽

pp. 299-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 143

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Southern Ocean ◽

Environmental Change ◽

Benthic Communities ◽

Benthic Fauna ◽

Marine Fauna ◽

Short Term Change ◽

Term Change ◽

Continental Ice Sheets

Environmental change is the norm and it is likely that, particularly on the geological timescale, the temperature regime experienced by marine organisms has never been stable. These temperature changes vary in timescale from daily, through seasonal variations, to long-term environmental change over tens of millions of years. Whereas physiological work can give information on how individual organisms may react phenotypically to short-term change, the way benthic communities react to long-term change can only be studied from the fossil record. The present benthic marine fauna of the Southern Ocean is rich and diverse, consisting of a mixture of taxa with differing evolutionary histories and biogeographical affinities, suggesting that at no time in the Cenozoic did continental ice sheets extend sufficiently to eradicate all shallow-water faunas around Antarctica at the same time. Nevertheless, certain features do suggest the operation of vicariant processes, and climatic cycles affecting distributional ranges and ice-sheet extension may both have enhanced speciation processes. The overall cooling of southern high-latitude seas since the mid-Eocene has been neither smooth nor steady. Intermittent periods of global warming and the influence of Milankovitch cyclicity is likely to have led to regular pulses of migration in and out of Antarctica. The resultant diversity pump may explain in part the high species richness of some marine taxa in the Southern Ocean. It is difficult to suggest how the existing fauna will react to present global warming. Although it is certain the fauna will change, as all faunas have done throughout evolutionary time, we cannot predict with confidence how it will do so.

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Short-Term Change in a Population of the Meat Ant Iridomyrmex Purpureus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9750511 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 511 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

PJM Greenslade

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Colony Size ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Nest Entrance ◽

Short Term ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Short Term Change ◽

Term Change ◽

Rates Of Growth ◽

Size And Structure

A population of the mound-building meat ant, Iridomyrmex purpureus s. s., was studied from 1971 to 1974 near the cool, wet end of its South Australian range. Seasonal variation in the numbers of nest mounds, and in number of nest entrance holes used by the population, indicate that it is under climatic stress in winter and summer. It is also subject to human interference and many mounds have been damaged; the fate of such colonies suggests that the mounds affect nest temperatures and are important in reducing winter stress. Comparison of parts of the population from areas differing in aspect and drainage shows that colony size and structure are controlled by rates of growth and survival of nests, depending largely on summer and winter stress respectively. The latter appears to be the critical factor in this population.

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Short-term change in fish assemblages after the passage of a typhoon in a temperate, coastal bay

Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria ◽

10.3897/aiep.51.63622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 175-183

Author(s):

Mitsuharu Yagi

Keyword(s):

Fish Assemblages ◽

Japanese Anchovy ◽

Short Term ◽

Faunal Change ◽

Short Term Change ◽

Term Change ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Before And After ◽

Coastal Bay ◽

Tachibana Bay

To study the effects of a typhoon on a temperate, coastal bay community, the species composition, catch amount, and diversity of epipelagic fish assemblages were investigated. Fish samples were taken from catches of a purse seine fishery in Tachibana Bay, Japan between May and July 2011, covering before and after the passage of a typhoon in the area. Although major changes in total catch amount were not observed before and after the passage of the typhoon, the abundance of the Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus Temminck et Schlegel, 1846, markedly decreased and bycatch of species increased, accompanied by increasing levels of diversity of the fish assemblage. Multivariate analysis showed that community differences before and after the passage were quantitative rather than qualitative. Comparisons in total length frequencies between the two periods indicated that specimens of the species compared were bigger in size for Trachurus japonicus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1844) and smaller for E. japonicus in the “after” period. These results suggest that the passage of the typhoon triggered not only interspecific faunal change but also intraspecific recruitment shifts in and around the bay.

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