scholarly journals The Antifungal Activity Of Aqueous And Ethanol Extracts Of Jatropha Curcas L. Against Aspergillus Niger (Van Tieghem) That Cause Black Mould Rot Of Onion Bulbs In Sokoto, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
LU Bashir ◽  
IB Gashua ◽  
MA Isa ◽  
A Ali
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from seed and leaf of Jatropha curcas were investigated using agar incorporation method in vitro against Aspergillus niger, a microbe known to be resistant to some chemical agents. Pathogenicity test revealed that A. niger was the pathogenic fungus that cause black mould rot of onion bulbs. The growth of A. niger was markedly suppressed by aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaf and seed, 65.7 and 57.0% at 160 mg/ml. The extracts at low concentration did not show considerable activity against the fungus except leaf ethanol extract 53.3% at 40 mg/ml.The in vivo study showed that aqueous extracts of seed and leaf reduced rot development, 59.4 and 54.4 % in onion bulbs. Highest rot inhibition 66.3 was obtained at 160 mg/ml seed extract.The result of the study suggest the potentials of J. curcas extracts as fungicidal agent that could be useful in management of black mould rot of onion bulbs caused by Aspergillus niger. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 83-90 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9211

scholarly journals In-vitro Control of Oral Thrush Causal Organisms Using Medicinal Plants Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Abosede M. EBABHI ◽  
Adedotun A. ADEKUNLE ◽  
Yoma I. OGHENERHABOKE
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Oral Thrush ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Oral hygiene is important to the generality of the human healthcare system. For this, the antifungal activities of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of four medicinal plants of Jatropha curcas (stem), Eucaluptus golbulus (leaves), Vernonia amygdalina (stem) and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (root) were carried out in vitro against three species of Candida associated with oral thrush namely C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis using the disc diffusion agar assay. The zones of inhibition varied with the test organisms as well as the extracts. The ethanolic extract of Jatropha curcas showed the highest zone of inhibition of 10.88 ± 0.22 mm against C. albicans while the least zone of inhibition (6.13 ± 0.13 mm) was exhibited by the ethanol extract of Z. zanthoxyloides on C. glabrata. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannin, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids and reducing sugar in all plant samples. This study can be further used as a foundation for the screening of phytochemical constituents by pharmaceuticals for the control and eradication of oral thrush.

scholarly journals Effective Compounds From Caesalpinia sappan L. on the Tyrosinase In Vitro and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2092005
Author(s):  
Yun Niu ◽  
Shengfeng Wang ◽  
Changqin Li ◽  
Jinmei Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Enzyme Kinetics ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
Competitive Inhibitors ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Caesalpinia sappan L. has been used as an herbal medicine to treat skin damage as a facial cleanser. In this study, 8 known compounds (1-8), (3 R,4 S)-3-(3′,4′-hydroxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydro-2″,3″-dimethyl-3 H-[1,3]dioxolo [4,5-c]chromen-7-ol (1), brazilin (2), protosappanin A (3), protosappanin C (4), protosappanin B (5), caesalpin J (6), sappanone B (7), and sappanchalcone (8), were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of C. sappan. The effects of 8 compounds and extracts of C. sappan on tyrosinase were assayed in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that compounds 1, 2, 4, and 7 had activating effects on the tyrosinase. The experiments of enzyme kinetics showed that compounds 3 and 6 were competitive inhibitors on tyrosinase, while compound 6 was anticompetitive inhibitor. The 70% ethanol extract of C. sappan could reduce the contents of tyrosinase in rat serum, ie, the 70% ethanol extracts of C. sappan could inhibit the formation of melanin in vivo. Compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 promoted the formation of tyrosinase in rat serum, while compound 7 inhibited the synthesis of tyrosinase in rat serum.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of Bacillussp. Gn-A11-18isolated from decomposing solid green household waste in water and soil against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 02003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeddin El Barnossi ◽  
Fatimazahrae Moussaid ◽  
Abdelilah Iraqi Housseini
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

Candida albicans an opportunistic pathogenic fungus causes many infections in humans. Whereas Aspergillus niger is a fungus that can produce ochratoxins, a group of extremely dangerous secondary metabolites that are classified as potentially carcinogenic to humans and also causing deterioration in grapes, strawberries, etc. The purpose of the current study is to isolate, purify, identify and characterize new microorganisms associated with solid green household waste for the control of C. albicans and A. niger. The antifungal activity of bacterial isolates was carried out in vitro by the agar plug diffusion method, the disk and well diffusion method. The isolate that showed promising activity has been identified by those macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. The results obtained in the course of this study showed the isolation of an isolate named Gn-A11-18, which was shown to have significant inhibitory activity with a 42.66% inhibition percentage against A. niger and a 44.66 mm inhibition diameter against C. albicans compared to the controls. The identification of Gn-A11-18 isolate has shown that this isolate belongs to the genus Bacillus with a similarity to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus tequilensis. In the light of the results of this study, we can suggest that the bioactive compound of Bacillus sp. Gn-A11-18 could become a biological alternate that could have an important role to fight against C. albicans and A. niger.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) and Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Essential Oils and Functional Extracts Against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Laila Muñoz Castellanos ◽  
Nubia Amaya Olivas ◽  
Juan Ayala-Soto ◽  
Carmen Miriam De La O Contreras ◽  
Miriam Zermeño Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Fruit Samples

In this study, hydrodistillation was used to obtain essential oils (EOs) from pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) and co-hydrodistillation (addition of fatty acid ethyl esters as extraction co-solvents) was used to obtain functional extracts (FEs). Antifungal activity of EOs and FEs was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. The results showed that pepper (Piper nigrum) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oils and their functional extracts are effective in vitro at concentrations from 400 to 500 ppm after 10 days of culturing. The essential oils and functional extracts were used on tomato fruit samples at three different concentrations: 350, 400, and 450 ppm5. Clove essential oil reduced the growth of Aspergillus niger from 50% to 70% and Fusarium oxysporum to 40%. The functional extracts (FEs) of clove and pepper, mixed with ethyl decanoate (FEs-C10), were the best combination for protecting the tomato fruit in vivo against both phytopathogenic fungi. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify eugenol as the principal compound in clove oil and limonene, sabinene, and β-caryophyllene in pepper oil.

scholarly journals Various Parts of Helianthus annuus Plants as New Sources of Antimalarial Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wiwied Ekasari ◽  
Dwi Widya Pratiwi ◽  
Zelmira Amanda ◽  
Suciati ◽  
Aty Widyawaruyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antimalarial Agent ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Background. Each part of H. annuus plants is traditionally used as medicinal remedies for several diseases, including malaria. Antimalarial activity of the leaf and the seed has already been observed; however, there is no report about antimalarial activity of the other parts of H. annuus plants. In this study, we assess in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of each part of the plants and its mechanism as antimalarial agent against inhibition of heme detoxification. Objective. To investigate the antimalarial activity of various parts of H. annuus. Methods. Various parts of the H. annuus plant were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain (chloroquine-sensitive), in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei using Peters’ 4-day suppressive test in BALB/c mice, curative and prophylaxis assay, and inhibition of heme detoxification by evaluating β-hematin level. Results. Ethanol extract of the roots showed the highest antimalarial activity, followed by ethanol extract of leaves, with IC50 values of 2.3 ± 1.4 and 4.3 ± 2.2 μg/mL, respectively and the percentage inhibition of P. berghei of 63.6 ± 8.0 and 59.3 ± 13.2 at a dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. Ethanol extract of roots produced an ED50 value of 10.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg in the curative test and showed an inhibition of 79.2% at a dose of 400 mg/kg in the prophylactic assay. In inhibition of heme detoxification assay, root and leaf ethanol extracts yielded a lower IC50 value than positive (chloroquine) control with a value of 0.4 ± 0.0 and 0.5 ± 0.0 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion. There were promising results of the ethanol extracts of root of H. annuus as a new source for the development of a new plant-based antimalarial agent.

scholarly journals Studies on medicinal plants against gastroinstestinal nematodes of goats

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Sujon ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
MS Jahan ◽  
AR Das ◽  
S Rob
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

A detailed investigation was performed with the aim to find out the indigenous medicinal plants having anthelminthic action. Ten (10) indigenous medicinal plants were primarily selected and the ethanol extracts were prepared for anthelminthic trial and determination of anthelminthic properties in vitro and in vivo against the gastro-instestinal nematodes in goat during the period from July 2006 to December 2006. Screening of ethanol extracts of selected plants showed the anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal nematodes at lower concentration (50 mg/ml). In vivo screening (by oral administration) of four plant extracts (ethanol) showed variable degree of efficacy in experimentally infected goats, as measured by faecal egg count reduction test. A relatively higher efficacy was recorded in ethanol extract of neem treated animals in comparison to other plants extracts. Ethanol extracts of korolla also showed significant efficacy. The results obtained in this study showed that ethanol extract of Labanga, Neem, Karolla and Pineapple at the dose of 100mg/kg showed a significant and potent antinematodal effect. These findings indicate that the adult gastrointestinal nematodes are more vulnerable to selected indigenous plants. Within these ten (10) plants 4 showed more than 70% efficacy at a concentration of 100mg/mkg. Key words: Medicinal plants, anthelmintics, nematodes, fecal egg count, goat doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2333 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 179-183

scholarly journals Limonin Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Eugenol Nanoemulsion against Penicillium Italicum In Vitro and In Vivo Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Runan Zhao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhiqin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Blue Mold

Penicillium italicum, the cause of citrus blue mold, is a pathogenic fungus that seriously affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruit and causes serious economic loss. In this study, a eugenol nanoemulsion containing limonin, an antimicrobial component from citrus seeds, was prepared using a high-pressure microfluidizer and the antifungal activity of the nanoemulsions against P. italicum was evaluated based on the conidial germination rate, mycelial growth, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration and the inhibition rate of limonin-loaded eugenol nanoemulsion was 160 μg/mL and 59.21%, respectively, which was more potent than that of the limonin-free eugenol emulsion. After treatment with the nanoemulsions, the integrity of the P. italicum cell membrane was disrupted, the cell morphology was abnormal, and the leakage of nucleic acid and protein was observed. In addition, the challenge test on citrus fruits revealed that the limonin-loaded eugenol emulsion inhibited citrus infection for longer periods, with an infection rate of 29.2% after 5 days. The current research shows that nanoemulsions containing limonin and eugenol have effective antifungal activity against P. italicum, and may be used as a substitute for inhibiting blue mold in citrus fruits.

Ammoides verticillata Essential Oil as Biocontrol Agent of Selected Fungi and Pest of Olive Tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane Senouci ◽  
Nassira G. Benyelles ◽  
Mohammed EA Dib ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
Alain Muselli
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Penicillium Crustosum ◽  
Ammoides Verticillata ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: Ammoides verticillata Briq is an aromatic and medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine for treatment of several types of pathologies such as respiratory problems, colds, fever, headache, gastric disorders and renal infections. Objective: Essential oils have been subjected of numerous works for their antimicrobial and insecticidal properties which have been valued by hundreds of publications and patents. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition, and the in vitro and in vivo antifungal, and insecticidal properties of essential oil of Ammoides verticillata. Methods: In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Ammoides verticillata were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil isolated was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oil was investigated against four plant fungi using radial growth technique. The effect of the essential oil on disease development of olive caused by Penicillium crustosum and Aspergillus niger in the in vivo conditions. The fumigation test of the essential oil was evaluated against L3 stages, pupas and adults of Bactrocera oleae known as the olive fly. Results: The essential oil of A. verticillata was characterized mainly by carvacrol (44.3%), limonene (19.3%) and p-cymene (19.2%). The result of in vitro antifungal activity of essential oil showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani strains with percentage inhibition of 89%. Furthermore, oil of A. verticillata has demonstrated promising in vivo antifungal activity to control infections of olives caused by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium crustosum. In addition, the essential oil exhibited fumigation toxicity against Bactrocera oleae with mortality percentage of 100% at 2 μL/L air. Conclusion: The results showed that essential oil of A. verticillata has interesting biological activities, which suggests that oil have the potential to be used as biocide to protect olives of pathogenic fungi and pests.

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Cassia surattensis flower against Aspergillus niger

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vello Sumathy ◽  
Zuraini Zakaria ◽  
Subramanion L. Jothy ◽  
Sivapragasam Gothai ◽  
Soundararajan Vijayarathna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
In Vivo Antifungal Activity

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Activity of Vernonia mespilifolia Less Used in the Folk Medicine in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin ◽  
Gloria Aderonke Otunola ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Vernonia mespilifolia is widely used in folk medicine in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of the acetone, aqueous and ethanol extracts of Vernonia mespilifolia using brine shrimp hatchability and lethality assay. The result showed hatching success in this order: aqueous extract (48.6%) > acetone extract (38.2%) > ethanol extract (26.8%). The LC50 of the lethality assay were in this order: acetone extract (67.8 µg/mL) > aqueous extract (132 µg/mL) > ethanol extract (383 µg/mL). According to Meyer’s toxicity index (using brine shrimps), LC50 < 1000 µg/ mL is toxic. Therefore, the results of the three solvent extracts could be said to be toxic as do have LC50 < 1000 µg/ mL. However, the toxicity of the crude extracts could suggest or confer some antitumor properties, hence further in vitro, in vivo and antitumour assays are recommended to further substantiate these claims.

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