scholarly journals Diversity of Native and Exotic Fruit Genetic Resources in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Ishwori Prasad Gautam ◽  
Tek Prasad Gotame
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Fruit Genetic Resources

Diversity in fruit genetic resources in Nepal is contributed by wild, indigenous and exotic sources. This study was carried out to bring together the available fruit species and cultivars at various stations of Department of Agriculture (DoA), Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Agriculture and Forest University (AFU) and private farms until the Fiscal Year 2017/2018. Altogather there were 47 species of fruits from tropical zone of Terai (Tarahara, Janakpur, Sarlahi, Parwanipur and Khajura) to cold temperature zone of high hills (Marpha, Rajikot and Satbanj) across the country. Apple diversity was found at Horticulture Research Station, Rajikot, Jumla and has introduced 25 spur type cultivars. National Citrus Research Programme (NCRP), Dhankuta was citrus most diversity areas and has maintained 130 exotic and indigenous germplasms of citrus species followed by NCFD, Kirtipur. Mango diversity was noted at RARS, Tarahara (16 cultivars), RARS, Parwanipur (25 cultivars), Farm of DoA-Sarlahi (30 cultivars), Farms of DoA-Janakpur (18 cultivars), AFU-Rampur (17 cultivars). Some of the private nurseries like Everything Organic Nursery, Patlekhet, Kavre and international organization like Technology Demonstration Centre of ICIMOD, Godawari, Lalitpur were also found to be a diversity centre of many exotic and indigenous germplasms of fruit species. These indigenous fruit genetic resources were also used to develop varieties such as Sunkagati-1 and Sunkagati-2 and Tehrathum Local of acid lime, Khoku Local of mandarin orange, 'Malbhog' of banana which were notified by the National Seed Board, SQCC. The unique fruit genetic resources were ‘Pharping Local’ (Asian sand pear), ‘Sindhuli Junar’ (sweet orange), ‘Dhankuta Local’ and ‘Manakamana Local’ (mandarin), Local Malbhog (banana), Bhaktapure Lapsi (Nepalese hog plum) etc. which have superior traits than exotic fruits. Unique and wild fruit species were yellow, black and red raspberries  (Rubus ellipticus, R. foliolosus and R. acuminatus respectively), bale (Aegle marmelos), pummelo (Citrus grandis), citron (Citrus medica), sweet lime (Citrus limettoides), butter tree or chiuri (Basia buttyacea), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), black plum  (Syzygium cumini), wild apple (Mallus baccata), rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri), bayberry (Myrica esculanta), edimayal (Pyrus pashia), black and white ebony (Diospyrus malbarica), wild species of olive (Olea ferruginea and O. glandulifera), wild kiwifruit (Actinidia callosa) etc. Most of the diversity studies were based on phenotypic descriptions. We believe that the number of species and genotypes listed in this article would be increased if detail survey is further carried out. Way forward to utilize these valuable genetic resources has also been discussed in this manuscript.

scholarly journals Adoption and Maintenance of Self Seed Sufficiency in Major Cereal Crops in Mid-Western Terai of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Ram Das Chaudhary ◽  
Bisheswar Prasad Yadav ◽  
Santosh Raj Tripathi ◽  
Padam Prasad Poudel ◽  
Govinda KC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Adoption Rate ◽  
Percentage Yield

Regional Agricultural Research Station Nepalgunj (RARS/N) has its four major outreach sites in Satbariya Village Development Committee (VDC) of Dang, Betahani VDC of Banke, Mahammadpur VDC of Bardiya, Patharaiya VDC of of Kailali and model village in Mainapokhar VDC of Bardiya district for test and verify the acceptance of new released varieties under farmers' field condition and provide an opportunity to the farmers to select most suitable variety on their own choice based on performance. Seed was distributed throughout the OR sites and model village for newly released varieties for self seed sufficiency. New most recent varieties  of rice and wheat released in the previous year from concerned commodity research programme, National Rice Research Programme (NRRP), Hardinath and National Whear Research Programme (NWRP), Bhairawaha respectively, were selected. The yield attributing characters, total yield, percentage yield used as seed in the next fiscal year were recorded. Response of the participating farmers for various varieties with respect to various attributes of yield and other important criteria for sustainable cultivation were recorded in individual sheet. Agronomic management practices were done according to recommendation practices for particular crop. Rice varieties of Sukkha series adoption rate was increasing trend. Among them Sukkha Dhan 1, Sukkha Dhan 2 and Sukkha Dhan 3 adoption rate was higher. Wheat variety Gautam adoption rate was higher followed by NL 971.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(1): 38-44

ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES CONSERVATION PROGRAMME IN BRAZIL

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
A. da Silva Mariante ◽  
A. R. de Bem
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Genetic Resources Conservation ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Research Corporation ◽  
National Research Programme ◽  
Resources Conservation

SUMMARYThe Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), through the National Research Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (CENARGEN), created the National Research Programme for Genetic Resources in 1974, but at that time only plant resources were included. A few years ago, the need for conservation of animal genetic resources in Brazil became clear, and the lack of necessary documentation and evaluation was recognized. Finally, in 1981, CENARGEN decided to include animal genetic resources in its Research Programme. In the case ofcattle, actions are being taken to save the “Criollo” before it is too late as it is rapidly disappearing by indiscriminate crossbreeding. There is already considerable information on the “'local” livestock breeds, strains and varieties in Brazil. A number of these breeds, strains or varieties that are in danger of extinction have been identified, and are being documented and specifically evaluated, particularly to determine if they possess any unique or special inherited characteristic that would warrant their conservation. Until such evaluation is completed, steps are being taken to ensure preservation of these populations. More recently, the programme ineluded other species such as: buffaloes, pigs, sheep, goats, horses and donkeys.

scholarly journals Past, Present, and Future of Fruit Germplasm Exploration

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-204
Author(s):  
Kim E. Hummer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Food And Agriculture

The fruits of the earth have healed, nurtured, and intrigued humanity throughout history. Cultivated fruit species have complex genome that will continue to require the input of novel genetic resources. Prospecting for wild fruit species will continue. The global nature of science and commerce will drive the demand to expand available genetic resources for fruit improvement. New technologies will enable future explorers to reach remote sites and species. Recent advances, such as geopositioning and remote-communication devices, will be used to a greater degree for targeting specific collection sites and documenting records of origin. The sovereignty of countries over their plant genetic resources, as specified by the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, will continue to be a cornerstone for negotiating bilateral agreements and plant exchange. Although this could be considered a limitation to plant exploration in some situations, global strategies now in conceptual infancy will be developed to encourage and support ex situ preservation and continued plant exchange for long-term conservation and humanitarian benefit.

scholarly journals From Villous Strawberry Shams to Hairy Huckleberries: The Wild Side of Berry Exploration

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1440-1443
Author(s):  
Kim E. Hummer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Usda Agricultural Research ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis was established as the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System's berry genebank in 1981. Since then, the USDA has sponsored numerous explorations throughout the United States and foreign countries to obtain berry plant genetic resources. Species of Fragaria L. (strawberries), Ribes L. (currants and gooseberries), Rubus L. (raspberries and blackberries), and Vaccinium L. (blueberries and cranberries) are native to both domestic and international localities. With limited gene pools for cultivated strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, expeditions have provided a wealth of genetic resources to expand opportunities for breeders to develop new cultivars. Particularly given the diverse species inherent in the development of cultivated blueberries, these trips have discovered unusual new blueberry relatives and forms available for expanding the range of production, increasing plant yields, and improving fruit antioxidant content. Along the way, new fruit species and new uses for known species were observed. Gathering the bounty of the world's berries resulted in encounters with diverse fauna, from snakes, bears, and bison to butterflies, mosquitoes, ticks, and chiggers. Avenging Toxicodendron species have added their mark on intrepid explorers. Remote sites with nothing but clear night stars and the satellite markers on the global positioning system offer radiant beauty and an abiding hope for the conservation of plant genetic diversity for all people for all time.

scholarly journals STUDYING THE OUTPUT SELECTIVE MATERIAL OF POTATO ACCORDING TO RESISTANCE TO POTATO BLIGHT

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
V.V. HORDIENKO ◽  
V.V. KANAILO ◽  
T.V. KANAILO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Potato Blight ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Research Results

The research results estimate the backcrossing of multispecies hybrids developed in the genetic resources laboratory at the Institute of Potato Growing of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, as well as at the Transcarpathian State Agricultural Research Station of the NAASU on the issue of resistance to potato blight. Artificial infection has been done by fungus inoculum Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary to multispecies hybrids of the intensively studied seedbed of 127 samples. A significant phenotype polymorphism of the samples’ resistance to the pathogenic agent has been determined. Furthermore, forms with high resistance to potato blight and economically valuable characteristics were singled out. Keywords potato, backcrossing of interspecific hybrids, resistance, blight, economically valuable characteristics.

Effect of intercrops on growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
R Chitra, P Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Agricultural Research Station

The initial growth of turmeric is rather slow and takes about 4-5 months to cover the inter space. Therefore, the available space between the rows of turmeric could be effectively utilized by growing short duration crops like, vegetables, cereals etc. Hence, it is worthwhile to explore the possibilities of growing compatible crops with turmeric. With this background the experiment on effect of intercrops on growth and yield of turmeric was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. Among the different intercrops, turmeric with cowpea recorded the maximum fresh rhizome yield per hectare (30.78 t ha-1) while turmeric + bhendi registered the maximum B:C ratio (2.68:1). Monocropping of turmeric recorded the lowest B:C ratio (1.67:1) among all the treatments.  

ROLE OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN IMPROVING PRODUCTION WATER AND NITROGEN EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148
Author(s):  
Othman & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

The research work was conducted in Izra’a Research station, which affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the growing seasons (2016 – 2017; 2017 – 2018), in order to evaluate the response of two durum wheat verities (Douma3 and Cham5) and two bread wheat varieties (Douma4 and Cham6) to Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a full package compared with Conventional Tillage system (CT) under rainfed condition using lentils (Variety Edleb3) in the applied crop rotation. The experiment was laid according to split-split RCBD with three replications. The average of biological yield, grain yield,  rainwater use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher during the first growing season, under conservation agriculture in the presence of crop rotation, in the variety Douma3 (7466 kg. ha-1, and 4162kg. ha-1, 19.006 kg ha-1 mm-1,  39.62 kg N m-2respectively). The two varieties Douma3 and Cham6 are considered more responsive to conservation agriculture system in the southern region of Syria, because they recorded the highest grain yields (2561, 2385 kg ha-1 respectively) compared with the other studied varieties (Cham5 and Douma4) (1951 and 1724 kg ha-1 respectively). They also exhibited the highest values of both rainwater and nitrogen use efficiency.

Influence of sowing dates on the incidence of powdery mildew of chilli

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDHEENDRA A. ASHTAPUTRE
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Agricultural Research Station ◽  
Sowing Dates

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2005 at Agricultural Research station, Devihosur, Haveri, Karnataka to assess the progress of powdery mildew at different time interval of sowing dates. Totally 20 different dates of sowings were imposed in the experiment at an interval of 10 days. The crop sown on last week of May to mid of June recorded minimum disease severity compared to rest of the date of sowings. This clearly indicated that crop sown during this period suffers less, which may be due to low inoculum potential, whereas late sown crop suffers more because of the readily available inoculum in the early sown crops. Low disease severity in last week of May to mid of June sowing may be attributed to the non-congenial weather factors for the development of the disease.

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