scholarly journals Education: The Key to Curb HIV and AIDS Epidemic

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
DN Bhatta ◽  
UR Aryal ◽  
K Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Day By Day

Overwhelming impact has been established among different aspects and burden of incurable HIV and AIDS is increasing day-by-day globally. The aim of this article is to discuss the potential benefits and strengths of an education system in the absence of remedy and help to develop future strategies. Education has great impact on HIV and AIDS and vice-versa. An education plays a vital role to curb the transmission of HIV and AIDS thorough capacity building, provides information, reduces vulnerability, empowerment, improve life skill, maintain equity, reduce dependence, stigma, and discrimination, where are abundance foundations for HIV infection. HIV and AIDS has role for devastation of education system and level which has great impact on productivity, economic growth, demand, supply and daily life of human being. Low and middle income countries needs to be improve recording and reporting systems related to impact of HIV and AIDS on education. By analyzing preceding evidences, policy makers or governance feels to reformulate policies relating to education and health. Evidence based policy and program will be more useful to address distressing squall of epidemic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12493 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(2) 2013: 158-161

What contribution have human rights approaches made to reducing AIDS-related vulnerability in sub-Saharan Africa? Exploring the case study of access to antiretrovirals

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Forman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Right

Human rights approaches may offer powerful tools to deal with HIV and AIDS-related vulnerabilities experienced throughout the subcontinent’s endemic regions. This paper examines how such approaches have contributed to remediating health and dignity violations posed by the inaccessibility of antiretrovirals in the region. Increases in regional access and key changes in the causal chain of drug access are explored. Rights-based social campaigns that produced domestic as well as global shifts in related law and policy are described in the key low- and middle-income countries of South Africa, Brazil and Thailand. Finally, I consider the implications of these shifts in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of rights-based approaches to reducing AIDS-related vulnerability in the region, arguing that these experiences indicate the need for structural fixes that codify the right to health at domestic and international levels, so as to entrench the right to medicines and enable social actors and policy-makers alike to better meet essential health needs.

scholarly journals EXPLORING COVID-19 VACCINE ACCEPTANCE AND HESITANCY DETERMINANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Tauheed Zahra ◽  
◽  
Farhan Ahmad Faiz ◽  
Farrah Ahmed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Background ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization recognizes vaccine related myths and conspiracies as the world's top threat to public health safety, particularly in low middle-income countries. The current study aims to explore the beliefs of the general public towards the vaccine acceptance and the hesitancy. The study explicates the COVID 19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy determinants through an in-depth qualitative approach. A total of 30 male and female millennials from different education backgrounds were interviewed through an interview guide. This study reveals that people have different beliefs related to the vaccine authenticity which plays a vital role in the reluctance towards it. Findings from paper is similar to literature that people from good educational background have similar thoughts towards COVID 19 vaccination. Disregard for the vaccine was caused by various factors, such as misinformation, safety concerns, and personal knowledge. This level of distrust was associated with the social worlds that participants experienced during the pandemic. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a complex relationship that involves the spread of misinformation. Vaccine programs should provide a focused, localized, and empathetic response to counter misinformation. Keywords: COVID-19, vaccines, myths, hesitancy, vaccines awareness, pandemic, conspiracy, corona virus

Logistics Cost Dynamics in International Business: A Causal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-495
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kar ◽  
Pratyay Ranjan Datta
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Logistics Cost ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Causal Approach ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The cost of logistics plays a vital role in the pricing of goods in international trade. Besides, the recent imposition of additional tariff by even upper-middle income countries such as the USA, China etc., has led to an increase in the total landed cost of goods. However, a seller has no option but to adapt to changing tariff requirements and can articulate only the logistics cost to a certain extent. This aspect requires an understanding of the logistics cost dynamics in international business. Since a higher volume of goods moves by marine transportation, this study focusses on the same. In this article, authors have attempted to establish a statistically significant relationship between prices and other factors like fuel, number of vessels, freight, and weight value ratio. The paper introduces a logistics-coefficient to indicate the extent of integration of logistics activities to keep the total-landed-cost (TLC) unchanged. Finally, the author proposes the system dynamics model to study the impact of changes in any one or some or all these factors on the price of the product. This model will enable the global firm to decide the entry and exit in the market. JEL Codes: F23

scholarly journals Creation of the gender-equitable school index for secondary schools using principal components analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Bergenfeld ◽  
Emma C Jackson ◽  
Kathryn M Yount
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
School Level ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Components Analysis

Abstract Background Higher schooling attainment for girls is associated with improved maternal and child health outcomes. In low- and middle-income countries, girls drop out of school at higher rates than boys beginning in early adolescence due to factors such as son preference and lack of access to menstrual supplies. Methods Using principal components analysis, we created a gender-equitable school (GES) index with data from 159 secondary schools in Nepal to measure school-level factors that may influence girls' secondary school pass rates. Results A component describing girls’ safety and hygiene was positively associated with school-wide pass rates for girls, and to a lesser degree for boys. Conclusions The GES index has diagnostic and programmatic utility in programs aimed at supporting girls’ education and health.

scholarly journals Governing multisectoral action for health in low-income and middle-income countries: an agenda for the way forward

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (Suppl 4) ◽  
pp. e000890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumanan Rasanathan ◽  
Vincent Atkins ◽  
Charles Mwansambo ◽  
Agnès Soucat ◽  
Sara Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Way

Drawing on experiences reviewed in the accompanying supplement and other literature, we present an agenda for the way forward for policy-makers, managers, civil society and development partners to govern multisectoral action for health in low-income and middle-income countries and consider how such an agenda might be realised. We propose the following key strategies: understand the key actors and political ecosystem, including type of multisectoral action required and mapping incentives, interests and hierarchies; frame the issue in the most strategic manner; define clear roles with specific sets of interventions according to sector; use existing structures unless there is a compelling reason not to do so; pay explicit attention to the roles of non-state sectors; address conflicts of interest and manage tradeoffs; distribute leadership; develop financing and monitoring systems to encourage collaboration; strengthen implementation processes and capacity; and support mutual learning and implementation research. To support countries to strengthen governance for multisectoral action, the global community can assist by further developing technical tools and convening peer learning by policy-makers (particularly from beyond the health sector), supporting knowledge management and sharing of experiences in multisectoral action beyond health, developing an agenda for and execution of implementation research and, finally, driving multilateral and bilateral development partners to transcend their own silos and work in a more multisectoral manner.

scholarly journals Primary care financing: a systematic assessment of research priorities in low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 8) ◽  
pp. e001483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Goodyear-Smith ◽  
Andrew Bazemore ◽  
Megan Coffman ◽  
Richard Fortier ◽  
Amanda Howe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Delphi Round ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Low And Middle Income

IntroductionFinancing of primary healthcare (PHC) is the key to the provision of equitable universal care. We aimed to identify and prioritise the perceived needs of PHC practitioners and researchers for new research in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) about financing of PHC.MethodsThree-round expert panel consultation using web-based surveys of LMIC PHC practitioners, academics and policy-makers sampled from global networks. Iterative literature review conducted in parallel. First round (Pre-Delphi survey) elicited possible research questions to address knowledge gaps about financing. Responses were independently coded, collapsed and synthesised to two lists of questions. Round 2 (Delphi Round 1) invited panellists to rate importance of each question. In Round 3 (Delphi Round 2), panellists ranked questions in order of importance.ResultsA diverse range of PHC practitioners, academics and policy-makers in LMIC representing all global regions identified 479 knowledge gaps as potentially critical to improving PHC financing. Round 2 provided 31 synthesised questions on financing for rating. The top 16 were ranked in Round 3e to produce four prioritised research questions.ConclusionsThis novel exercise created an expansive and prioritised list of critical knowledge gaps in PHC financing research questions. This offers valuable guidance to global supporters of primary care evaluation and implementation, including research funders and academics seeking research priorities. The source and context specificity of this research, informed by LMIC practitioners and academics on a global and local basis, should increase the likelihood of local relevance and eventual success in implementing the findings.

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