scholarly journals Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Strains in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns and Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatan B Sherchan ◽  
Pranita Gurung ◽  
Dirgh Singh Bam ◽  
Jeevan Bahadur Sherchand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Comorbid Illness ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Isolation of multidrug resistant bacteria such as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), metallo beta–lactamase (MBL) producing and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causing lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is associated with various risk factors and a major challenge in treatment. So, the study determined bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infection and antibiotic sensitivity pattern with special reference to ESBL, MBL, and MRSA strains along with risk factors associated with such strains. A total of 120 specimens were collected from patients with lower respiratory tract infection along with clinical details. Combination disk method was done for the detection of ESBL and MBL producing isolates and oxacillin disc was used to detect MRSA. Out of 120 specimens, 87.5% was monomicrobial while 12.5% was polymicrobial infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36.19%) was the predominant followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (28.57%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.95%), Escherichia coli (8.57%) and Staphylococcus aureus (5.72%). Total 33 (31.43%) out of 105 monomicrobial isolate were MDR. All MDR E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were ESBL producers and (6, 20%) out of total A. baumannii isolated produced MBL and was not found to produce ESBL. All MDR S. aureus isolates were found to be resistant to methicillin. Carbapenems followed by amikacin were found to be the most effective antibiotic for Gram negative bacilli causing LRTI. Vancomycin, Teicoplanin & Linezolid were found to be the most effective antibiotics for MRSA. 28 out of 33 MDR isolate possessing patients had comorbid illness. Isolation of MRSA, ESBL and MBL producing bacteria in LRTI are increasing in number. Increased prevalence of MDR bacterial strains form patients with comorbid illness is a major problem in healthcare centers. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012) 157-163 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7454

scholarly journals Risk factors for severe RSV-induced lower respiratory tract infection over four consecutive epidemics

2007 ◽  
Vol 166 (12) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Rossi ◽  
Maria Cristina Medici ◽  
Maria Cristina Arcangeletti ◽  
Marcello Lanari ◽  
Rocco Merolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract

scholarly journals Risk factors for seasonal human coronavirus lower respiratory tract infection after hematopoietic cell transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1903-1914
Author(s):  
Chikara Ogimi ◽  
Hu Xie ◽  
Alpana Waghmare ◽  
Masumi Ueda Oshima ◽  
Kanwaldeep K. Mallhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract

Abstract Data are limited regarding risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and the significance of virologic documentation by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. We retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing allogeneic HCT (4/2008-9/2018) with HCoV (OC43/NL63/HKU1/229E) detected by polymerase chain reaction during conditioning or post-HCT. Risk factors for all manifestations of LRTI and progression to LRTI among those presenting with HCoV upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) were analyzed by logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively. Mortality rates following HCoV LRTI were compared according to virologic documentation by BAL. A total of 297 patients (61 children and 236 adults) developed HCoV infection as follows: 254 had URTI alone, 18 presented with LRTI, and 25 progressed from URTI to LRTI (median, 16 days; range, 2-62 days). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that male sex, higher immunodeficiency scoring index, albumin <3 g/dL, glucose >150 mg/dL, and presence of respiratory copathogens were associated with occurrence of LRTI. Hyperglycemia with steroid use was associated with progression to LRTI (P < .01) in Cox models. LRTI with HCoV detected in BAL was associated with higher mortality than LRTI without documented detection in BAL (P < .01). In conclusion, we identified factors associated with HCoV LRTI, some of which are less commonly appreciated to be risk factors for LRTI with other respiratory viruses in HCT recipients. The association of hyperglycemia with LRTI might provide an intervention opportunity to reduce the risk of LRTI.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis in patients of lower respiratory tract infection with underlying risk factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Alex Aiswariya ◽  
Kundoly Velayudhan Suseela ◽  
Das Subi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tract Pathogen ◽  
Underlying Risk

Background: Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative diplococcus, commonly found as a normal flora in the human upper respiratory tract. Recently, M. catarrhalis has emerged as an important and common human respiratory tract pathogen. This study was aimed to determine the rate of isolation of M. Catarrhalis in patients attending a tertiary care hospital with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), antibiotic susceptibility pattern and predisposing factors responsible for their infection.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 1001 lower respiratory specimens from patients (above 20 years’ age) with suspected LRTI.  The study investigated by microscopic examination, culture and antibiotic sensitivity test according to the standard guidelines. Assessment of clinical significance of M. Catarrhalis was ascertained on the basis of preformed criteria.Results: A total of 60 clinically significant M. Catarrhalis were isolated from the 930 culture positive samples. The isolates showed maximum sensitivity to second and third generation cephalosporins (95%), azithromycin (90%) followed by amoxicillin clavulanic acid (85%). Rate of isolation was more in males (70%) and elderly people above 60 years (63.33%) were found to be more affected. Patients (58.33%) with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) were found to be more prone to get infection by M. Catarrhalis.Conclusions: Moraxella catarrhalis should be considered as significant lower respiratory tract pathogen especially in elderly patients with underlying risk factors like COPD.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Hyponatremia in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-484
Author(s):  
Chinmaya Mahapatra ◽  
Vinod Kumar Sharma ◽  
Siddhant Singhal ◽  
Roshan Kumar Jangid ◽  
Tagaram Karthik Laxminath
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract
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