scholarly journals Prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis in patients of lower respiratory tract infection with underlying risk factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Alex Aiswariya ◽  
Kundoly Velayudhan Suseela ◽  
Das Subi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tract Pathogen ◽  
Underlying Risk

Background: Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative diplococcus, commonly found as a normal flora in the human upper respiratory tract. Recently, M. catarrhalis has emerged as an important and common human respiratory tract pathogen. This study was aimed to determine the rate of isolation of M. Catarrhalis in patients attending a tertiary care hospital with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), antibiotic susceptibility pattern and predisposing factors responsible for their infection.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 1001 lower respiratory specimens from patients (above 20 years’ age) with suspected LRTI.  The study investigated by microscopic examination, culture and antibiotic sensitivity test according to the standard guidelines. Assessment of clinical significance of M. Catarrhalis was ascertained on the basis of preformed criteria.Results: A total of 60 clinically significant M. Catarrhalis were isolated from the 930 culture positive samples. The isolates showed maximum sensitivity to second and third generation cephalosporins (95%), azithromycin (90%) followed by amoxicillin clavulanic acid (85%). Rate of isolation was more in males (70%) and elderly people above 60 years (63.33%) were found to be more affected. Patients (58.33%) with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) were found to be more prone to get infection by M. Catarrhalis.Conclusions: Moraxella catarrhalis should be considered as significant lower respiratory tract pathogen especially in elderly patients with underlying risk factors like COPD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection in tertiary care hospital, Thane

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Shrikant Joshi ◽  
Kamil Shaikh ◽  
Vrushali V. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: World health organization (WHO) predicted lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) as primary cause of mortality world-wide. The present study was undertaken to know the various types of LRTI in children <5 years of age and analyze factors influencing the morbidity and mortality of those cases.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study for 100 infected children with LRTI was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of metropolitan city. Demographic, clinical history and examination, necessary investigations were performed and followed regularly for desired outcome.Results: 51% children were in the age-group of 1 to 5 years who reported acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) and 49% were below 1 year age. The study reported LTRI incidence in 63% male and 37% female children whereas the family history of incidence of LRTI was present in 18% cases. Fever, cough and retraction complaints were the prominent symptoms. Hyperinflation was the major finding in chest X-ray. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the common bacterial pathogens isolated. Bronchiolitis was the commonest cause (39%) followed by lobar pneumonia (37%).Conclusions: Various types of clinical presentations, risk factors and types of LRTI in children less than 5 years of age were studied. A result of this study will be useful to understand the etiology and bacterial pathogens in management of clinical outcome. Modifiable risk factors for LRTI like family history, past history, immunization status, and malnutrition can be tackled through effective health education of the community, leading to a healthy society.

scholarly journals Risk factors for severe RSV-induced lower respiratory tract infection over four consecutive epidemics

2007 ◽  
Vol 166 (12) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Rossi ◽  
Maria Cristina Medici ◽  
Maria Cristina Arcangeletti ◽  
Marcello Lanari ◽  
Rocco Merolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract

scholarly journals Thrombocytosis: a predictor of severity in children with lower respiratory tract infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1658
Author(s):  
Chandrakala P. ◽  
Vinutha Patil ◽  
Kavya V. N. ◽  
Sushmitha .
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital

Background: Community acquired pneumonia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality due to infection all over the world. Thrombocytes are known to be an essential part of immune response to various infectious agents. Platelet count elevated more than normal is often sign of severe pneumonia according to various studies.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Science, a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore with a study duration of 1 year. All children were classified into two groups based on platelet count that is with thrombocytosis and without thrombocytosis. Respiratory distress was defined as presence of tachypnoea, chest retractions, oxygen saturation <94% in room air. Children with respiratory distress were classified as severe pneumonia and those with no respiratory distress as non-severe pneumonia.Results: A total of 213 children were admitted with lower respiratory tract infection of which 35 children were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Of these 178 children 142 (80%) belonged to non-severe pneumonia group and 36 (20%) belonged to severe pneumonia group. Thrombocytosis is found in 31 (17%) children, 147 (82%) children had platelet count less than 4.5 lakhs/cu mm. Of these children with thrombocytosis 13 (42%) had non severe pneumonia and 18 (58%) had severe pneumonia. The p<0.0000001 which showed statistical significance, that is thrombocytosis was significantly associated with severity of pneumonia.Conclusions: Thrombocytosis can be considered as a marker of severity of pneumonia in day-to-day practice.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency among hospitalized infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Kumari Pratima ◽  
Shivlok Narayan Ambedkar ◽  
Jagannath Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background: Vitamin D plays important role in immunity and its deficiency might be associated with increased risk of lower respiratory tract infection. This study aimed to determine whether vitamin D deficiency is commoner in infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection as compared to normal infants and to correlate the severity of vitamin D deficiency with severity of ALRTI.Methods: A hospital based prospective case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 208 infants (109 cases and 99 controls) older than 7 days to 12 months of age, were enrolled. Cases were selected according to the definition of ALRTI given by WHO (2). Controls were chosen from children attending paediatric outpatients department for immunization or minor short duration aliments. Primary outcome measured as serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3) levels and severity of ALRTI was independent variable.Results: Among 109 cases suffering from ALRTI, vitamin D deficiency was present in 65.11%, 92.3%, 88.9% children of ‘pneumonia, severe pneumonia and very severe pneumonia group respectively. It was found that vitamin D deficiency was commoner in cases as compared to controls (80.70 % vs 25.50% ) with OR of 12.40 (95 % CI was 6.13 - 25.38). There was inverse relationship between the severity of ALRTI and Vitamin D levels (p value <0.001 and Pearson correlation coefficient -0.32).Conclusions: Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in ALRI cases as compared to controls and had negative correlation between vitamin D levels and severity of pneumonia.

scholarly journals Risk factors for seasonal human coronavirus lower respiratory tract infection after hematopoietic cell transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1903-1914
Author(s):  
Chikara Ogimi ◽  
Hu Xie ◽  
Alpana Waghmare ◽  
Masumi Ueda Oshima ◽  
Kanwaldeep K. Mallhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract

Abstract Data are limited regarding risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and the significance of virologic documentation by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. We retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing allogeneic HCT (4/2008-9/2018) with HCoV (OC43/NL63/HKU1/229E) detected by polymerase chain reaction during conditioning or post-HCT. Risk factors for all manifestations of LRTI and progression to LRTI among those presenting with HCoV upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) were analyzed by logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively. Mortality rates following HCoV LRTI were compared according to virologic documentation by BAL. A total of 297 patients (61 children and 236 adults) developed HCoV infection as follows: 254 had URTI alone, 18 presented with LRTI, and 25 progressed from URTI to LRTI (median, 16 days; range, 2-62 days). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that male sex, higher immunodeficiency scoring index, albumin &lt;3 g/dL, glucose &gt;150 mg/dL, and presence of respiratory copathogens were associated with occurrence of LRTI. Hyperglycemia with steroid use was associated with progression to LRTI (P &lt; .01) in Cox models. LRTI with HCoV detected in BAL was associated with higher mortality than LRTI without documented detection in BAL (P &lt; .01). In conclusion, we identified factors associated with HCoV LRTI, some of which are less commonly appreciated to be risk factors for LRTI with other respiratory viruses in HCT recipients. The association of hyperglycemia with LRTI might provide an intervention opportunity to reduce the risk of LRTI.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Hyponatremia in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-484
Author(s):  
Chinmaya Mahapatra ◽  
Vinod Kumar Sharma ◽  
Siddhant Singhal ◽  
Roshan Kumar Jangid ◽  
Tagaram Karthik Laxminath
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract
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