scholarly journals Study on the Soil Corrosivity towards the Buried-Structures in Soil Environment of Tanglaphant-Tribhuvan University Campus-Balkhu Areas of Kirtipur

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gautam ◽  
J Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Buried Structures ◽  
Galvanized Steels ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Soil Corrosivity

Soil parameters such as moisture, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate ions were investigated, because these parameters affect the corrosive nature of soils toward the buried-galvanized steels and cast-iron pipelines used to supply drinking water in Tanglaphant-Tribhuvan University Campus-Balkhu areas of Kirtipur. The soil parameters examined in the study areas are found as: moisture (7-48%), pH (7.0-7.9), resistivity (6,300-37,000 ohm.cm), oxidation-reduction potential (307-490 mV vs SHE), chloride (13-92 ppm) and sulfate (62-309 ppm) contents. The results gave an indication of mildly corrosive to non-corrosive nature of soils on the buried galvanized steels and cast-iron pipes used to supply drinking water in the study areas of Kirtipur.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10417   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 65-72

scholarly journals Investigation on the soil corrosivity towards the buried water supply pipelines in Kamerotar town planning area of Bhaktapur, Nepal

BIBECHANA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yub Raj Dhakal ◽  
Kumar P Dahal ◽  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Galvanized Steels ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Soil Corrosivity

Soil parameters such as moisture content, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate ions can give an indication of the soil corrosivity towards the buried-galvanized steels and cast-iron pipelines used to supply the drinking water in Nepal. Present research work was focused to examine such soil parameters collected from Kamerotar town planning area of Bhaktapur district of Nepal. Concentrations of these soil parameters measured in this study are found as: moisture content (18-77%), pH (3.0-9.3), resistivity (11600-71400 ohm.cm), oxidation-reduction potential (87-426 mV vs SHE), chloride (28-135 ppm) and sulfate (20-226 ppm). These soil parameters gave an indication of “moderately corrosive” to “mildly corrosive” behavior of soils on the buried-galvanized steels and cast-iron pipelines used in the study area. It was found a good correlation between the soil resistivity and moisture content as well as the chloride content in soils. The soil resistivity was generally decreased with increasing both the moisture and chloride contents in soils. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v10i0.8454   BIBECHANA 10 (2014) 82-91

scholarly journals Soil corrosivity to the buried-pipes used in Lalitpur, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Shrawan K. Regmi ◽  
Kumar P. Dahal ◽  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Buried Pipes ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

Six soil parameters (moisture content, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate) of 23 samples were analyzed using standard methods for their corrosive nature towards the buried galvanized-steel and cast-iron pipes used to supply drinking water in three areas (Tikathali, Imadol- KA and Imadol-KHA) of Lalitpur district of Kathmandu Valley. Amounts of these six soil parameters in the collected 23 samples were found to be of 11–37% moisture content, 6.1–8.4 pH, 0.3330 x 104– 4.7620 x104 Ohm.cm resistivity, 317–553 mV (SHE) oxidation-reduction potential, 14–75 ppm chloride and 56–176 ppm sulfate contents. These findings indicated that most of soil samples collected from the study areas of Lalitpur district of Nepal are found to be mildly corrosive and less corrosive nature of soils on the buried galvanized-steel and cast-iron pipes used for the supply of drinking water. The use of non-conducting materials like gravel/sand around the buried-pipes, before burying them in the study areas seems to be effective to control such corrosion and to increase life time of the pipes.

scholarly journals Study on the soil corrosivity towards the buried water supply pipelines in Madhyapur Thimi municipality, Bhaktapur

BIBECHANA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Kumar P Dahal ◽  
Dinesh KC ◽  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

This research work is carried out to identify the corrosive nature of soils towards the buried-galvanized steel and cast iron pipelines buried in Sanothimi areas of Madhyapur Thimi municipality, Bhaktapur based on different soil parameters such as organic content, moisture content, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate ions. The soil parameters of the collected soil samples from the study areas were analyzed using standard ASTM methods. Concentrations of these soil parameters measured in this study were found as: organic content (0.9- 7.9%), moisture content (8.0-36.7%), pH (6.8-7.7), resistivity (3900-16700 ohm.cm), oxidation-reduction potential (337-461 mV vs SHE), chloride (25-71 ppm) and sulfate (35-464 ppm) contents. These soil parameters gave an indication of “mildly corrosive” to “less corrosive” nature of soils on the galvanized steels and cast iron pipelines buried in the study areas. Based on the findings of the present studies, it can be advised to the related authorities or local people that simple modification of the soils by using cheapest non-conducting materials like gravel or sand around the buried water supply pipelines before undergrounding them in the study areas is very beneficial from the corrosion point of view to increase their life time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v11i0.10387 BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 94-102

scholarly journals Evaluation of some Limiting Factors affecting Water chlorination at Baghdad / Al-Kurch District

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Najim Hadi Najim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

This study was designed to high light about the effect of some factors individually or in combination that shared in the reduction of the chlorine activity and efficiency for meeting the bacterial standards as a disinfection agent for drinking water at Baghdad city/ Al- kurch. To achieve the objectives (137) drinking water samples were collected from July up to the end of November 2007 from the houses of Baghdad's citizens/ Al-kurch. Also studying the scientific nature of some municipal water supply at Baghdad/ Al- kurch, drinking water samples were collected from faucets after allowing the water to run for 0, 5 and 10 minutes. Statistical data showed that there was non significant difference in both the chlorine concentration and coliform counts in all samples that were taken after allowing the water to run for 0, 5 and 10 minutes and for that reason drinking water samples after allowing the water to run for 5 minutes were chosen as the best time for sampling in this research.Data revealed that the free chlorine in drinking water was below the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the period from July up to the end of August 2007, whereas the highest Coliform counts in drinking water were established during the above mentioned months, while the coliform counts decreased in the period from September up to the end of November 2007 due to the utilization of higher concentrations of total chlorine in drinking water in municipal water supply, in addition to that, the effect of some variables such as quantity of free chlorine, temperature, pH and oxidation- reduction potential of water on the sanitizing efficiency of the chlorine were studied.The statistical data revealed that there was a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01, r = -0.072) between the chlorine sanitizing efficiency with both the concentration of the free chlorine and its contact time with microorganisms while the effect of temperature, pH and oxidation- reduction potential of water showed non significant effect on the chlorine sanitizing efficiency.

Control of biological iron removal from drinking water using oxidation-reduction potential

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine V. Tremblay ◽  
André Beaubien ◽  
Philippe Charles ◽  
James A. Nicell
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Filtration Cycle ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

Biological removal of iron to produce drinking water was established in a pilot plant treating raw water with a pH of 5.7. The objective was to evaluate the use of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) as a control tool and determine its relationship to dissolved oxygen (DO) and residual iron concentration in filtered water from an operating biological filter. Results showed that above a low minimum value of DO, residual iron concentration and ORP were not affected by varying the DO level. A non-linear regression was established to correlate total residual iron concentration to ORP with an R2 of 0.8848. This correlation can be used to predict iron concentration when ORP is in the range 300 to 470 mV. Below this range, total residual iron is greater than or equal to 3 mg/l and above, total residual iron is less than the French regulation limit of 0.2 mg/l. Pilot plant operating conditions were implemented in the primary filter of an industrial plant in France, improving iron elimination and doubling the length of the filtration cycle.

Provision of Lactose to Molting Hens Enhances Resistance to Salmonella enteritidis Colonization†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD E. CORRIER ◽  
DAVID J. NISBET ◽  
BILLY M. HARGIS ◽  
PETER S. HOLT ◽  
JOHN R. DeLOACH
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Older leghorn hens, more than 50 weeks of age, were divided into three groups designated 1, unmolted controls; 2, molted; or 3, molted treated with lactose. Forced molt was induced by 14 days of feed removal. Lactose was provided to the hens in group 3 as 2.5% (wt/vol) of the daily drinking water. Each hen in all groups was challenged orally with 105 Salmonella enteritidis (SE) cells on day 7 of feed removal. The study was repeated in three replicated trials. The concentrations of acetic, propionic, and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the cecal contents of the molted hens in groups 2 and 3 decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) on days 6 and 14 of molt compared with the unmolted controls. Forced molt had no apparent effect on pH or on the oxidation-reduction potential of the ceca. Compared to the unmolted controls, SE cecal and spleen and liver colonization was significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) in the molted hens in group 2. Compared to the molted hens in group 2, SE cecal and spleen and liver colonization was significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in two of three trials in the hens in group 3 provided with lactose. The results suggested that the increased susceptibility of molting hens to SE colonization may be associated with decreased fermentation and production of VFA by cecal bacteria or by a depletion of the number of VFA-producing bacteria present in the ceca. The results further suggest that providing lactose in the drinking water during molting may significantly enhance resistance to SE colonization.

Influence of Rare Earth Materials on pH Value and Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) of Drinking Water

2010 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Li Rong Huang ◽  
Yu Hang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Weakly Alkaline ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Drinking water needs to retain all minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium to make body balance. It is such minerals that makes drinking water weakly alkaline. The pH value of drinking water between 7.2 and 8.0 is the best. The ion material can improve pH value and ORP of drinking water which is processed from a variety of natural polarity mineral materials and multi-functional healthy ceramic material.

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