scholarly journals Study on the soil corrosivity towards the buried water supply pipelines in Madhyapur Thimi municipality, Bhaktapur

BIBECHANA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Kumar P Dahal ◽  
Dinesh KC ◽  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

This research work is carried out to identify the corrosive nature of soils towards the buried-galvanized steel and cast iron pipelines buried in Sanothimi areas of Madhyapur Thimi municipality, Bhaktapur based on different soil parameters such as organic content, moisture content, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate ions. The soil parameters of the collected soil samples from the study areas were analyzed using standard ASTM methods. Concentrations of these soil parameters measured in this study were found as: organic content (0.9- 7.9%), moisture content (8.0-36.7%), pH (6.8-7.7), resistivity (3900-16700 ohm.cm), oxidation-reduction potential (337-461 mV vs SHE), chloride (25-71 ppm) and sulfate (35-464 ppm) contents. These soil parameters gave an indication of “mildly corrosive” to “less corrosive” nature of soils on the galvanized steels and cast iron pipelines buried in the study areas. Based on the findings of the present studies, it can be advised to the related authorities or local people that simple modification of the soils by using cheapest non-conducting materials like gravel or sand around the buried water supply pipelines before undergrounding them in the study areas is very beneficial from the corrosion point of view to increase their life time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v11i0.10387 BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 94-102

scholarly journals Soil corrosivity to the buried-pipes used in Lalitpur, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Shrawan K. Regmi ◽  
Kumar P. Dahal ◽  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Buried Pipes ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

Six soil parameters (moisture content, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate) of 23 samples were analyzed using standard methods for their corrosive nature towards the buried galvanized-steel and cast-iron pipes used to supply drinking water in three areas (Tikathali, Imadol- KA and Imadol-KHA) of Lalitpur district of Kathmandu Valley. Amounts of these six soil parameters in the collected 23 samples were found to be of 11–37% moisture content, 6.1–8.4 pH, 0.3330 x 104– 4.7620 x104 Ohm.cm resistivity, 317–553 mV (SHE) oxidation-reduction potential, 14–75 ppm chloride and 56–176 ppm sulfate contents. These findings indicated that most of soil samples collected from the study areas of Lalitpur district of Nepal are found to be mildly corrosive and less corrosive nature of soils on the buried galvanized-steel and cast-iron pipes used for the supply of drinking water. The use of non-conducting materials like gravel/sand around the buried-pipes, before burying them in the study areas seems to be effective to control such corrosion and to increase life time of the pipes.

scholarly journals Investigation on the soil corrosivity towards the buried water supply pipelines in Kamerotar town planning area of Bhaktapur, Nepal

BIBECHANA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yub Raj Dhakal ◽  
Kumar P Dahal ◽  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Galvanized Steels ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Soil Corrosivity

Soil parameters such as moisture content, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate ions can give an indication of the soil corrosivity towards the buried-galvanized steels and cast-iron pipelines used to supply the drinking water in Nepal. Present research work was focused to examine such soil parameters collected from Kamerotar town planning area of Bhaktapur district of Nepal. Concentrations of these soil parameters measured in this study are found as: moisture content (18-77%), pH (3.0-9.3), resistivity (11600-71400 ohm.cm), oxidation-reduction potential (87-426 mV vs SHE), chloride (28-135 ppm) and sulfate (20-226 ppm). These soil parameters gave an indication of “moderately corrosive” to “mildly corrosive” behavior of soils on the buried-galvanized steels and cast-iron pipelines used in the study area. It was found a good correlation between the soil resistivity and moisture content as well as the chloride content in soils. The soil resistivity was generally decreased with increasing both the moisture and chloride contents in soils. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v10i0.8454   BIBECHANA 10 (2014) 82-91

scholarly journals Study on the Soil Corrosivity towards the Buried-Structures in Soil Environment of Tanglaphant-Tribhuvan University Campus-Balkhu Areas of Kirtipur

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gautam ◽  
J Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Buried Structures ◽  
Galvanized Steels ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Soil Corrosivity

Soil parameters such as moisture, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate ions were investigated, because these parameters affect the corrosive nature of soils toward the buried-galvanized steels and cast-iron pipelines used to supply drinking water in Tanglaphant-Tribhuvan University Campus-Balkhu areas of Kirtipur. The soil parameters examined in the study areas are found as: moisture (7-48%), pH (7.0-7.9), resistivity (6,300-37,000 ohm.cm), oxidation-reduction potential (307-490 mV vs SHE), chloride (13-92 ppm) and sulfate (62-309 ppm) contents. The results gave an indication of mildly corrosive to non-corrosive nature of soils on the buried galvanized steels and cast-iron pipes used to supply drinking water in the study areas of Kirtipur.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10417   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 65-72

CANADIAN WILTSHIRE BACON: III. pH, OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL, AND MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS ON BACON AND PICKLE

1940 ◽  
Vol 18d (4) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
W. H. Cook ◽  
A. E. Chadderton
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Handling Practices

The pH of bacon was relatively uniform, but it was possible to demonstrate statistically significant differences between sides cured in the same plants. Sides from different plants were however no more variable than those from the same plant. The results indicate that the pH of the bacon is affected by the pH of the pump pickle, decreases with the time in cure, and increases with the age from cure.The absolute values of the Eh potentials observed in bacon were doubtful, but since the measurements indicated a statistically significant difference between sides from different plants it appears that this property may be a function of curing practice. Although the moisture content of bacon was relatively uniform, there was a significant difference between sides from different plants, and a significant loss of moisture during maturation and smoking.The protein content of the tank pickle from different plants varied considerably, and probably reflects the effect of different handling practices. Nevertheless it was possible to demonstrate a direct relation between protein content and pH of the pickle.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some Limiting Factors affecting Water chlorination at Baghdad / Al-Kurch District

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Najim Hadi Najim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

This study was designed to high light about the effect of some factors individually or in combination that shared in the reduction of the chlorine activity and efficiency for meeting the bacterial standards as a disinfection agent for drinking water at Baghdad city/ Al- kurch. To achieve the objectives (137) drinking water samples were collected from July up to the end of November 2007 from the houses of Baghdad's citizens/ Al-kurch. Also studying the scientific nature of some municipal water supply at Baghdad/ Al- kurch, drinking water samples were collected from faucets after allowing the water to run for 0, 5 and 10 minutes. Statistical data showed that there was non significant difference in both the chlorine concentration and coliform counts in all samples that were taken after allowing the water to run for 0, 5 and 10 minutes and for that reason drinking water samples after allowing the water to run for 5 minutes were chosen as the best time for sampling in this research.Data revealed that the free chlorine in drinking water was below the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the period from July up to the end of August 2007, whereas the highest Coliform counts in drinking water were established during the above mentioned months, while the coliform counts decreased in the period from September up to the end of November 2007 due to the utilization of higher concentrations of total chlorine in drinking water in municipal water supply, in addition to that, the effect of some variables such as quantity of free chlorine, temperature, pH and oxidation- reduction potential of water on the sanitizing efficiency of the chlorine were studied.The statistical data revealed that there was a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01, r = -0.072) between the chlorine sanitizing efficiency with both the concentration of the free chlorine and its contact time with microorganisms while the effect of temperature, pH and oxidation- reduction potential of water showed non significant effect on the chlorine sanitizing efficiency.

Physico-chemical Characterization of “Bone Taint” in Spanish Dry-cured Hams

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMINGO BLANCO ◽  
AGUSTIN ARIÑO ◽  
PILAR CONCHELLO ◽  
CONSUELO PEREZ ◽  
JAVIER YANGÜELA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Physico Chemical

Samples of Spanish dry-cured hams were analyzed using several physico-chemical parameters (moisture content, chlorides, water activity, nitrate, nitrite, total volatile basic nitrogen [TVBN], pH, and oxidation-reduction potential [Eh]). The samples (n = 76) were taken from three basic types of dry-cured hams produced in Spain: slow-cured hams from white pigs (n = 39), fast-cured hams from white pigs (n = 15), and hams from black-skinned Iberian pigs (n = 22). Overall, 56 samples (73.7%) showed the “bone taint” condition, and the remaining 20 hams (26.3%) were normal, and therefore considered as a control group. The objective of this research was to establish the possible circumstances that determine the alteration by means of the differences found in the values of the analyzed measurements in both groups of samples (altered versus normal ones). The hams with “bone taint” were, in general terms, those with a higher TVBN content, a greater pH, and a lower Eh, attributable to an anomalous development of the proteolytic phenomena. The conjunction of a lower concentration of chlorides, greater moisture content, and a higher aw in the affected hams may have created the conditions favorable for tissue enzyme and/or microbial activity.

scholarly journals In situ measurements of oxidation–reduction potential and hydrogen peroxide concentration as tools for revealing LPMO inactivation during enzymatic saccharification of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Kadić ◽  
Anikó Várnai ◽  
Vincent G. H. Eijsink ◽  
Svein Jarle Horn ◽  
Gunnar Lidén
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
The State ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

Abstract Background Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to simple sugars at commercial scale is hampered by the high cost of saccharifying enzymes. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) may hold the key to overcome economic barriers. Recent studies have shown that controlled activation of LPMOs by a continuous H2O2 supply can boost saccharification yields, while overdosing H2O2 may lead to enzyme inactivation and reduce overall sugar yields. While following LPMO action by ex situ analysis of LPMO products confirms enzyme inactivation, currently no preventive measures are available to intervene before complete inactivation. Results Here, we carried out enzymatic saccharification of the model cellulose Avicel with an LPMO-containing enzyme preparation (Cellic CTec3) and H2O2 feed at 1 L bioreactor scale and followed the oxidation–reduction potential and H2O2 concentration in situ with corresponding electrode probes. The rate of oxidation of the reductant as well as the estimation of the amount of H2O2 consumed by LPMOs indicate that, in addition to oxidative depolymerization of cellulose, LPMOs consume H2O2 in a futile non-catalytic cycle, and that inactivation of LPMOs happens gradually and starts long before the accumulation of LPMO-generated oxidative products comes to a halt. Conclusion Our results indicate that, in this model system, the collapse of the LPMO-catalyzed reaction may be predicted by the rate of oxidation of the reductant, the accumulation of H2O2 in the reactor or, indirectly, by a clear increase in the oxidation–reduction potential. Being able to monitor the state of the LPMO activity in situ may help maximizing the benefit of LPMO action during saccharification. Overcoming enzyme inactivation could allow improving overall saccharification yields beyond the state of the art while lowering LPMO and, potentially, cellulase loads, both of which would have beneficial consequences on process economics.

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