scholarly journals Effect of Glomus microcarpum in Relation to the Biomass Production of Wheat Plants

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Nirmala Dhungana ◽  
Prakash Raut ◽  
Anjana Singh
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Root And Shoot Biomass ◽  
Potential Use

Many studies have shown that mycorrhizal inoculations enhance the growth and nutrient uptake by plants. However, in Nepal, the focus of study is being given to the leguminous plants. To study the effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in the biomass production of wheat, common VAM fungus Glomus microcarpum was inoculated in four varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) (i.e. WK 810, WK 1320, WK 1357 and WK 2089); the VAM spores being isolated by wet sieving and decanting process. Recording effects were started after one week of seed sowing, then weekly for growth parameters and on 15 days interval for edaphic parameters. In all cultivars, increased root and shoot biomass were recorded in inoculated ones compared to their non-inoculated counterparts. The reaction to the G. microcarpum inoculants was not different significantly for all cultivars when comparison was made on them on 89th day after inoculation, where the biomass values were recorded maximum. Also, phosphorus and organic matter contents of soil related inversely to the VAM fungal spore number in the soil and the root infection. This study demonstrates the potential use of G. microcarpum as biofertilizer in nutrient poor soils. Key words: vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae; Glomus microcarpum; Triticum aestivum DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3169 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 79-83

scholarly journals The Effect of Four Composts on the Establishment of Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Soilless Media

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 539D-539
Author(s):  
Michelle Miller ◽  
Robert Linderman ◽  
Leslie Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Vam Colonization ◽  
Mineral Soils

The beneficial use of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) in mineral soils is well-documented, but little is known about the effect of soilless mixes on mycorrhizal colonization of roots. Previous research indicates that mycorrhizal colonization is affected by pH, soluble salts, phosphorus levels, cation exchange capacity, percent organic matter, and some peats. No other research has been published, to our knowledge, on the role of commonly used horticultural composts and mycorrhizal establishment. This study examined four different composts for their effect on VAM establishment using onion roots as an indicator. The composts used in the study were vermicompost, spent mushroom compost, yard waste compost, and processed manure fiber. Plant growth parameters, phosphorus (P) levels and rate of desorption, and microbial populations were analyzed in relation to the percent of VAM colonization of the roots. Significant differences were found in percent VAM colonization between composts. The primary factors influencing VAM colonization were the initial levels of P in the blends and the rate and amount of P released. The experiment raised questions about the balance between mineralized P and organic P in composts and their effect on VAM fungal spore germination.

scholarly journals Growth and Nutrient Uptake Responses of Kinnow to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Shamshiri ◽  
K. Usha ◽  
Bhupinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Difference

In a field experiment, three-year-old Kinnow trees budded on Jatti Katti (C. jambhiri) rootstock were inoculated by three different arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), Glomus manihotis (T1), Glomus mosseae (T2), and Gigaspora gigantia (T3), separately or in combination (T4). Microscopic assessment of AM colonization on Kinnow roots showed a relatively lower level of infection by different species when inoculated separately than when inoculaed together. Application of AM improved growth parameters like plant height, canopy volume, mean leaf area, and number of new shoots per plant but had no effect on trunk diameter, number of leaf per new shoot and new shoot diameter. Flowering phenology was also altered by AM infection. The infected plants produced more flowers which despite abscission caused an increase in the initial number of fruits. AM inoculation increased plant phosphorous in T3, potassium in T1, T2, T3, calcium in T2, T3, T4, and the AM-nutrient relationship did not reveal any generalized pattern. Inoculated plants, however, had higher concentration of different elements by the second year of the experiment indicating towards the continuous and cumulative effect of AM infection on plant nutrient accumulation. Further, the beneficial effects of AM on Kinnow were not related to the difference in the species of mycorrhiza.

Colonization of crop and pasture species with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a negative correlation with root infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
G. B. Wildermuth
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

The roots of 37 crop and pasture species were assessed for vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in a vertisol containing spores of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mainly Glomus mosseae, and of the pathogenic fungus, Bipolaris sorokiniana. The level of mycorrhizal colonization of different hosts is an important aspect of managing crop sequences to reduce "long fallow disorder." All species except rapeseed in the Cruciferae and lupin in the Leguminosae were hosts, although perennial rye grass in the Gramineae had only very slight colonization. The percent root length colonized as assessed by the grid-intersect method ranged up to 60.5% for wheat in the winter series and up to 98.4% for mungbean in the summer series. Greatest weights of mycorrhizal roots were produced by phalaris grass, chickpea, safflower, cocksfoot, lucerne, and barley in the winter series and by lucerne, maize, canary seed, Sudan grass, grain sorghum, and buffel grass in the summer series. Although Gramineae as a group tends to have fine roots with a low percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, the total weight of mycorrhizal roots can be large, and they should be at least equal to legumes in effectiveness for breaking long fallow disorder. Percentages of mycorrhizal colonization determined by the grid-intersect and three slide methods were generally well correlated with one another, but all were less strongly correlated with weight of mycorrhizal roots for winter crops and were entirely uncorrelated with weight of mycorrhizal roots for summer crops. Significant inverse-regression relationships were obtained between infection of root segments (but not of stem bases) by B. sorokiniana and root colonization with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, indicating that vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi antagonise root infection by B. sorokiniana.

scholarly journals Species Specific Responses to Age on Nodule Formation, Seedling Growth, and Biomass Production of Acacia auriculiformis at Nursery Stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Salim Azad ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan Sumon
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Seedling Leaf

Nodulation responses of leguminous trees are very important for intercropping to reduce reliance on artificial nitrogen input through nitrogen fixation in agroforestry system. This study was carried out to evaluate the status of nodulation (i.e., the number of nodules and their shape and size) in root and biomass production of plant growth parameters (i.e., number of leaves, shoot height, root biomass, and shoot biomass) of A. auriculiformis seedlings. The assessment was conducted 60 days after seed germination. The study revealed significant differences in nodule number per seedling, leaf number per seedling, shoot height, and biomass accumulation (both green and oven dry weight) with seedling age (p<0.05). The study also revealed significant correlation among the variables of nodulation responses and biomass production. The results obtained using principal component analysis (PCA) justified correlation matrix of nodulation responses and biomass production of this species. The PCA showed that root biomass per seedling, leaf number per seedling, nodule number per seedling, shoot height, age of seedling, and shoot biomass per seedling were clustered with PC1 (with an eigenvalue of 5.59) and root shoot ratios were clustered with PC2 (with an eigenvalue of 1.82). Our study justified that shoot height may be an important determinant of nodule formation of A. auriculiformis.

Effects of phosphorus and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae on growth and leaf retention of black walnut seedlings

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Kormanik
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Leaf Retention

Black walnut seedlings were grown in fumigated soil without vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi or in soil infested with Gigasporamargarita, Glomusfasciculatum, or Glomusmacrocarpum. For each mycorrhizal treatment, three levels of available phosphorus (P), 25, 50, and 75 ppm, were provided. With 25 and 50 ppm P, the presence of VA mycorrhizae significantly improved leaf retention and root weight of all seedlings. At 75 ppm P, seedling development was not affected by mycorrhizal treatment. Within a given mycorrhizal condition, there were only minor differences in growth parameters across P levels. In the nonmycorrhizal treatments, all growth parameters significantly improved at the 75 ppm P treatment, while little difference could be detected between 25 and 50 ppm P. The number of lateral roots with a diameter of 1.0 mm or larger and root weight of seedlings were not affected by soil P level within a mycorrhizal treaement, but each increment of soil P increased root weight but not the number of lateral roots of seedlings in the nonmycorrhizal treatment. Seedlings that were mycorrhizal with G. margarita had more dense root colonization and were characteristically larger than seedlings that were mycorrhizal with either G. fasciculatum or G. macrocarpum across all P levels.

scholarly journals Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride on growth performance of Salvia officinalis Linn.

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Kumar ◽  
Ashok Aggarwal ◽  
Sunita Kaushish
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Wide Range

Salvia officinalis (Sage) is a popular kitchen herb, member of mint (Lamiaceae) family has been cultivated for its wide range of medicinal values. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are beneficial symbionts for plant growth and development and offer a viable replacement of high input agricultural technology employed for production of environmentally hazardous fertilizers. Therefore, the present study was focused to analyze the effect of two AM fungi (Acalospora laevis and Glomus mosseae) along with Trichoderma viride, alone and in combination, on different growth parameters of S.officinalis in a green house pot experiment with sterilized soil. AM inoculum and T.viride showed significant increase of different growth parameters after 45 and 90 days of inoculation. Among all treatments, dual combination of A.laevis plus T.viride was most effective in increasing shoot length, leaf area, root length, root weight, AM spore number and percent root colonization. Moreover, maximum increase in shoot biomass was found in plant treated with T.viride.

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