scholarly journals वक्रोक्ति सिद्धान्त र शैलीविज्ञानको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन [A Comparative Study of Irony Theory and Stylistics]

NUTA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
अङ्गदमणि गौतम

वक्रोक्ति सिद्धान्त पूर्वीय साहित्य सिद्धान्तमध्ये एक समन्वयवादी एवं वस्तुनिष्ठ सिद्धान्त हो । यसका प्रवर्तक आचार्य कुन्तक हुन् र विस्तारक पनि उनी मात्र देखिन्छन् । शैलीविज्ञानको उदय सस्युरका नवीन भाषिक चिन्तनका माध्यमबाट पश्चिमी जगत्मा भएको र यसको विस्तार विभिन्न देशमा विविध सम्प्रदाय एवं विद्वान्बाट भएको देखिन्छ । वक्रोक्ति संस्कृत भाषाका सन्दर्भमा जन्मेको र शैलीविज्ञान पश्चिमी भाषाका सन्दर्भमा जन्मेको सिद्धान्त भए पनि वस्तुगत विश्लेषणका सन्दर्भमा यी दुवै एक अर्काबिच निकट सिद्धान्तका रूपमा देखिन्छन्  । दुवैले काव्यकृतिलाई मूल आधार मानेर त्यसको वस्तुनिष्ठ विश्लेषणमा विश्वास गर्ने हुनाले दुवै सिद्धान्तको उद्भवका बिच लगभग नौ सय वर्षको अन्तर रहँदारहँदै पनि सिर्जना र सर्जकलाई हेर्ने अवधारणा तथा कृति विश्लेषणगत अवधारणामा भने करिब एकरूपता देखा पर्दछ । वक्रोक्ति सिद्धान्तमा वक्रताको तात्पर्य समस्त कविकर्मकौशल, काव्यसौन्दर्य तथा लोकोत्तर सर्जन हो भत्रे मान्दै काव्यकृतिलाई सर्जकका आत्मभावको भाषिक रूपान्तरणका रूपमा स्वीकार गरिने भएकाले मूलतः वर्णविन्यासवक्रता, पदवक्रता, वाक्यवक्रता, प्रकरणवक्रता र प्रबन्धवक्रताका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरी कृतिगत सौन्दर्य पर्गेल्ने काम गर्दछ । त्यसै गरी  शैलीविज्ञानले पनि साहित्यिक अभिव्यक्तिलाई भाषिक कला र कुनै पनि काव्यकृतिलार्ई भाषिक प्रतीक मानेर  मूलतः समानान्तरता, चयन, विचलन, अप्रस्तुत योजना आदिका आधारमा कृतिको विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्षमा पुग्ने काम गर्दछ । तसर्थ, वक्रोक्ति सिद्धान्त र शैलीविज्ञानका बिच उत्पत्तिगत भौगोलिक परिवेश र  प्रारम्भविन्दुको समयमा समेत ठुलो अन्तराल भएर पनि  पनि यी दुवै सिद्धान्तका अबधारणामा साम्यता रहेकाले तुलनीय पनि देखिन्छन् । [The theory of irony is one of the coherent and objective theories of Eastern literature. Its promoter is Acharya Kuntak and he seems to be the only expander. The rise of stylistics seems to have taken place in the Western world through Sasuke's innovative linguistic thinking and its spread from various denominations and scholars in different countries. Although irony is a theory born in the context of Sanskrit and stylistics is born in the context of Western languages, in terms of objective analysis, the two are seen as closely related to each other.]

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Stephen Sedley

Sir Stephen Sedley, former Judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, considers the nature of human rights in this article, which is based on the text of the annual Ruth Adler Memorial Lecture delivered at Edinburgh University Law School in 2015. Sir Stephen undertakes a comparative study of the concept of human rights, one which takes in discussion of human rights culture in the non-Western world as well as the proposal for a British “bill of rights” to replace the European Convention on Human Rights.


2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIIA TULVISTE ◽  
LUULE MIZERA ◽  
BOEL DE GEER ◽  
MARJA-TERTTU TRYGGVASON

The aim of this study was to compare some verbal characteristics of family interaction in the stereotypically tongue-tied Nordic region of the Western world. To this end we compared mothers' and early adolescents' talkativeness and monologuing and mothers' conversational dominance emerging in real-life video recordings in Estonian, Finnish, and Swedish mono- and bilingual families. All these nations have been characterized by previous research as “silent” and less talkative than other nations. The present study found that the Swedish mothers living in Sweden were talkative, as were the adolescents from Swedish monolingual and Swedish–Estonian bilingual families. In all measures of the amount of speech the mothers and adolescents from monolingual Estonian and Finnish families did not differ. According to our results, little talk seems to be characteristic of Finno–Ugric people, and the rate may be decreasing over time under the influence of a more talk-oriented cultural context.


Author(s):  
Marcos Fuentes Martínez

When responding to a security incident in a system, several basic principles must be followed regarding the collection of pieces of evidence from the system. The capture of these pieces of evidence has to be done according to its order of volatility. In this sense, RAM memory constitute the most important element to capture, given its extreme volatility. RAM memory must be acquired and analyzed because the data it holds, which may belong to the system itself or to any other device connected to it, can survive a certain amount of time in it. Since RAM is a constantly changing element, it must be stood out that any action carried on the system under analysis will modify the contents of the RAM. In this article a comparative and an objective analysis has been carried out, showing the impact that the execution of some tools for the capture of RAM has on the system. This comparative study details both the private shared workspaces, for each of the processes executed by each of the tools used.


2020 ◽  

The regulation of various markets has increased significantly in recent years. Although the lack of appropriate regulation can be very dangerous, it is nevertheless important to avoid overregulation in order to not jeopardise economic freedom as the basis of the socio-economic system in the Western world. This comparative study covers competition law as well as sectoral regulations of the telecommunications, energy and financial markets, and aims to examine common principles against which the actions of different regulators can be assessed. The authors’ second step is to establish common standards for the assessment of regulatory intervention in economic freedom. This book will be of importance not only to private sector practitioners, but also to regulators in EU Member States and national and EU legislators, and already takes into account the implementation of increased regulation in the coronavirus crisis. With contributions by Robert Grzeszczak, Dawid Sześciło, Artur Szmigielski, Tomasz Klemt, Michał Dorociak, Maciej Sokołowski, Michalina Szpyrka, Paweł Wajda


1944 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert T. Lauterbach

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Lee Woodward

The century embracing the wars and turmoils that politically separated America from Europe coincides roughly with that great change in the economic life of the western world known as the “Industrial Revolution.” Admitting that this so-called “Revolution” did not occur simultaneously everywhere, or affect all parts in a like manner, it is nonetheless clear that it had a profound effect not only on the material well-being of the American peoples, but on their social and political institutions as well, probably an effect even more important than the political revolutions and wars that accompanied it. The period thus demands careful attention and lends itself well to regional comparative study.


Author(s):  
Fan Min

“Ideology” shapes our discourse practices and is closely related to the translation activities. This paper attempts to explore how ideological factors influence the cultural transmission of Confucianism through a comparative analysis of the three versions of the great Chinese classical works the Analects that are translated by Raymond Dawson, Ames and Rosemont, and Edward Slingerland. In this comparative study, the paper focuses on the important role of the ideology in the process of translating the Analects through a discussion of the possible reasons behind the translation strategies. The paper concludes with a consideration of how ideology imposes on translation for cultural communication, negotiation, and transformation. It is hoped to demonstrate the ideological influences on the translated works, provide useful suggestions for the translation of Chinese classical works, and promote the international dialogue between China and the Western world.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Oliveira Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Éve‐Marie Frigon ◽  
Robert Tremblay‐Laliberté ◽  
Christian Casanova ◽  
Denis Boire

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