scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Frictional forces between different Archwire-bracket Combinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinit Singh ◽  
Swati Acharya ◽  
Satyabrata Patnaik ◽  
Smruti Bhusan Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Orthodontic Bracket ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Frictional Forces

Introduction: During sliding mechanics, frictional resistance is an important counterforce to orthodontic tooth movement; whichmust be controlled to allow application of light continuous forces.Objective: To investigate static and kinetic frictional resistance between three orthodontic brackets: ceramic, self-ligating, andstainless steel, and three 0.019×0.025” archwires: stainless steel, nickel-titanium, titanium-molybdenum.Materials & Method: The in vitro study compared the effects of stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium archwires onfrictional forces of three orthodontic bracket systems: ceramic, self-ligating, and stainless steel brackets. All brackets had 0.022”slots, and the wires were 0.019×0.025”. Friction was evaluated in a simulated half-arch fixed appliance on a testing machine. Thestatic and kinetic friction data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Duncan multiple rangetest.Result: Self-ligating (Damon) brackets generated significantly lower static and kinetic frictional forces than stainless steel (Gemini)and ceramic brackets (Clarity). Among the archwire materials, Beta-titanium showed the maximum amount of frictional forceand stainless steel archwires had the lowest frictional force.Conclusion: The static and kinetic frictional force for stainless steel bracket was lowest in every combination of wire.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Evaluation of Frictional Characteristics of Labial and Lingual Self-ligating Brackets with Various Archwire Alloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Subrat Kumar Sahany ◽  
G. Sreejith Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Conventional Brackets ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Dry And Wet Conditions ◽  
Lingual Brackets

Background: An understanding of bracket slot–archwire interface is imperative for biomechanical effectiveness in orthodontic sliding mechanics and hence the aim of the study is to evaluate frictional properties of lingual self-ligating brackets comparing with conventional lingual and labial self-ligating brackets using three different archwire alloys in various environments. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study compared the frictional force of labial and lingual self-ligating and conventional lingual brackets with stainless steel, TMA, and Cr-Co alloy archwires of 0.017” × 0.025” dimension in dry and wet conditions. Frictional forces were evaluated in a simulated half arch fixed appliance using a testing machine. Static and kinetic friction were measured and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANNOVA) test and post hoc Duncan multiple range test. The effects of brackets and archwires in dry and wet conditions were analyzed by three-way variance (ANNOVA) test. Result: The maximum frictional forces were observed with labial self-ligating brackets followed by lingual conventional brackets and the least by lingual self-ligating brackets. Of all the wires tested, TMA wires had the maximum frictional forces followed by Co-Cr and stainless steel. In both conditions, the values were non-significant with all bracket–wire combinations except with Co-Cr and TMA wires. Conclusions: Varied amount of frictional force was shown by the brackets and wires with highest by labial self-ligating bracket, followed by lingual conventional and lingual self-ligating brackets. TMA wires experienced higher friction followed by Co-Cr and stainless steel with minimum friction.

A Study of Frictional Forces between Orthodontic Brackets and Archwires

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Downing ◽  
John McCabe ◽  
Peter Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Friction Testing ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Polycrystalline Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Brackets ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Testing Assembly

The differences in magnitude of static and kinetic frictional forces generated by 0·022 × 0·030-inch stainless steel (Dentaurum®) and polycrystalline ceramic (Transcend®) brackets in combinntion with archwires of different sizes (0·018 inch and 0·019 × 0·025 inch) and materials (stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium) at a constant ligature force were investigated. A friction-testing assembly using the Instron machine was used. In all cases, the static frictional force was greater than the kinetic frictional force. There were no significant differences in the frictional forces generated by stainless steel and polycrystalline ceramic brackets. Beta-titanium archwires produced greater frictinal forces than the other two materials. Increasing the archwire diameter increased the frictional force.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparison of Two Different Mouthwashes on Frictional Resistance Between Orthodontic Bracket and Archwire: An in Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Jayanti Choudhary ◽  
B Shashikumar ◽  
Anand K Patil
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of tea tree oil (TTO) mouthwash and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on frictional resistance. Settings and Design: In vitro. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 extracted premolars were mounted on a custom-made acrylic fixture. These 60 premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 each, on which 0.022″ × 0.028″ slot MBT stainless steel brackets were bonded and 0.019″ × 0.025″ rectangular stainless steel wire was ligated with an elastomeric module. The 3 groups included a control group where the samples were immersed in artificial saliva and 2 experimental groups immersed in 0.2% CHX and TTO mouthwash, respectively, for 1.5 hours. Postimmersion static frictional resistance was evaluated on a universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Statistical Analysis Used: Tukey’s post hoc procedure. Results: This study showed a statistically significant difference in the frictional resistance between saliva and CHX groups and CHX and TTO groups ( P < .05). No statistically significant difference was observed between saliva and TTO groups ( P > .05). The frictional resistance was more in the CHX mouthwash group than in the TTO mouthwash group. Conclusions: Frictional resistance was lesser in the TTO mouthwash than in the CHX mouthwash. Based on this result, TTO mouthwash can be used instead of CHX mouthwash as an oral hygiene aid in patients with orthodontic treatments.

scholarly journals In vitro force delivery of nickel-titanium superelastic archwires in vertical displacement

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Aisha de Souza Gomes Stumpf ◽  
Karina dos Santos Mundstock ◽  
Daniel Mundstock ◽  
Carlos Alberto Mundstock
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Stress Release ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Temperature Controlled

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the force delivered by different superlastic nickel-titanium wires during vertical displacement, in order to determine whether their stress release meets the criteria for constant and light forces that are usually accredited to these archwires. METHOD: Ten samples of 6 brands of 0.016-in archwires (Ormco, GAC, Morelli, TP, American Orthodontics e Rocky Mountain) were tested in a complete metal model using Dynalock brackets (3M Unitek™). In the canine position, there was a sliding bracket connected to a pole. This set was related to a load cell of 0.5 kg attached to a universal testing machine (Autograph AG-199kNG, Shimadzu). The crosshead speed was 0.5 mm/min and the maximum displacement was 1.0 mm. The model was submerged in temperature-controlled water. The results were analyzed by ANOVA (p < 0.05), using the software SAS System 8.02, Cry, NC, USA. RESULTS: The TP archwire had the lowest force throughout the test, although the final force was high (277.91 g). The Rocky Mountain archwire had the highest force release (455.41 g). CONCLUSION: The different brands of wires tested in this study failed in delivering low and constant forces as expected from superlastic nickel-titanium wires. The forces were extremely heavy for a vertical tooth movement.

FRICTION OF STAINLESS STEEL, NICKEL-TITANIUM ALLOY, AND BETA-TITANIUM ALLOY ARCHWIRES IN TWO COMMONLY USED ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 917-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN-HONG YU ◽  
HENG-LI HUANG ◽  
LI-CHUN WU ◽  
JUI-TING HSU ◽  
YIN-YU CHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Niti Wire ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Frictional Forces

In orthodontic treatment, the efficiency of tooth movement is affected by the frictional force between the archwire and bracket slot. This study evaluated the static and kinetic frictional forces produced in different combinations of orthodontic archwires and brackets. Three types of archwires [stainless steel, nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy, and beta-titanium (TMA) alloy] and two types of brackets (stainless steel and self-ligating) were tested. Both static and kinetic frictional forces of each archwire–bracket combination were measured 25 times using a custom-designed apparatus. The surface topography and hardness of the archwires were also evaluated. All data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test. The experiments indicated that the static frictional force was significantly higher than the kinetic frictional force in all archwire–bracket combinations not involving TMA wire. TMA wire had the highest friction, followed by NiTi wire, and then stainless steel wire when using the stainless steel bracket. However, there was no difference between NiTi and stainless steel archwires when using the self-ligating bracket. For TMA wire, the friction was higher when using the stainless steel bracket than when using the self-ligating bracket. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that stainless steel wire exhibited the smoothest surface topography. The hardness decreased in the order of stainless steel wire > TMA wire > NiTi wire. This study demonstrates that the frictional forces of brackets are influenced by different combinations of bracket and archwire. The reported data will be useful to orthodontists.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Super Slick Elastomeric Modules in reducing Friction during Sliding: A Comparative in vitro Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhiq Khan Pattan ◽  
Revathi Peddu ◽  
Shyam Kumar Bandaru ◽  
Devikanth Lanka ◽  
Kalyani Mallavarapu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Kinetic Friction ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Frictional Forces

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate and compare the frictional resistance produced by Super Slick modules during sliding with four different types of brackets and four ligature types both in conventional and figure-of-8 ligation method with saliva as lubricant. Materials and methods The frictional resistance was evaluated by using four different ligatures on 0.019” × 0.025” stainless steel (SS) archwires using four different brackets using an universal testing machine with unstimulated saliva as a lubricant. Mean and SD values were calculated. Data was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance ANOVA with post hoc test. Results The results showed that self-ligating brackets produced least frictional forces. Among all other tested combinations, Teflon-coated SS ligatures in ceramic with metal slot brackets produced least coefficient of static and kinetic friction and full ceramic brackets ligated with Super Slick elastomeric modules demonstrated the highest, with other combinations falling in between. Conclusion Super Slick elastomeric modules, produced highest coefficient of both static and kinetic friction with the conventional and figure-of-8 ligation technique even in wet conditions using natural fresh human saliva. Clinical significance Both static and kinetic frictional resistance play an important role during sliding mechanics. Various factors have been attributed for friction. However, bracket type, archwire material, type of ligature and method of ligation are important variables. Recently polymeric coated slick elastomeric modules were introduced with the claim that they produce very low frictional forces in wet condition. Contrary to the claim made by the manufacturers of Super Slick elastomeric modules, they produced highest coefficient of both static and kinetic friction with the conventional and figure-of-8 ligation technique. How to cite this article Pattan SK, Peddu R, Bandaru SK, Lanka D, Mallavarapu K, Pathan AB. Efficacy of Super Slick Elastomeric Modules in reducing Friction during Sliding: A Comparative in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2014; 15(5):543-551.

scholarly journals Effects of sliding velocity on friction: An in vitro study at extremely low sliding velocity approximating orthodontic tooth movement

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Yanase ◽  
Hideki Ioi ◽  
Masato Nishioka ◽  
Ichiro Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Mean Differences

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of sliding velocity on friction, particularly at extremely low sliding velocity approximating orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Stainless-steel (SS) 0.022-inch preadjusted brackets and 0.016- and 0.016 × 0.022-inch SS wires and superelastic nickel-titanium 0.016 × 0.022-inch wires were used for this test. The wire was secured in a SS preadjusted bracket with an elastomeric module. One end of the wire was pulled upward 1.5 mm at a speed of 5.0 × 10−7, 1.0 × 10−5, 1.0 × 10−4, 1.0 × 10−3, 1.0 × 10−2, and 1.0 × 10−1 mm/s by the micrometer. The measurements were conducted 10 times and averaged. Tukey-Kramer tests were used to compare the mean differences of each testing measurement among the different sliding velocities. Results: The frictional forces tended to increase as the sliding velocity decreased. The mean frictional force for 5.0 × 10−7 mm/s sliding velocity (approximating orthodontic tooth movement) was 106.8 cN in 0.016 × 0.022-inch SS wires, almost double the 1.0 × 10−1 mm/s sliding velocity. Conclusion: The effects of sliding velocity cannot be ignored when we estimate frictional forces in clinical orthodontics.

scholarly journals Frictional Resistance in Various Ceramic Brackets using Archwires of different Alloys, Sizes and Cross sections: A Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Yash Raj Bahadur ◽  
Deepak Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Ankur Gupta ◽  
P Narayana Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ceramic Brackets ◽  
Frictional Forces

Introduction: Friction at the bracket-archwire interface has been observed as one of the most important factors affecting tooth movement. Hence it is importance to assess the friction generated during tooth movement to bring about optimal treatment results.Objective: To compare the frictional resistance of various ceramic brackets using different archwires, and to compare the static and kinetic frictional force of various ceramic brackets using different archwires.Materials & Method: The present study evaluated and compared the friction generated at the bracket archwire interface when 0.018” and 0.019”x0.025” stainless steel archwires and 0.019”x0.025” teflon coated stainless steel archwires were moved through conventionally ligated, passive self-ligating and interactive self-ligating ceramic brackets. The static and kinetic frictional forces were also evaluated and compared.Result:  Highly significant differences in kinetic (p<0.001) and static (p<0.001) frictional forces were observed in all three groups when used with the different archwires. On comparing the static and kinetic frictional forces significant differences were observed among all three groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: The passive self-ligating brackets produce the least frictional forces when compared to interactive self-ligating and conventionally ligated brackets. Also, the static frictional forces were found to be more as compared to kinetic frictional forces.Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.18-22

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