Relationships between grain yield and growth rates of plant parts as influenced by male sterile cytoplasms, plant densities, and hybrids in corn (Zea mays L.)

The objective of this study was to determine the effects on grain yield of growing cultivars in mixtures of different proportions. Two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, Pride 116 and United 106, were grown for 2 yr in pure stand and in seven mixtures of different proportions (7:1, 6:2, 5:3, 4:4, 3:5, 2:6, 1:7) at plant densities of 61 500, 99 400, and 136 000 plants per hectare. The total number of mixture combinations was 42, i.e. 2 years × three densities × seven proportions. All but one mixture yielded as expected based on the yield of component hybrids in pure stand. The higher yielding hybrid (United 106) yielded significantly less grain per plant in mixtures than in pure stand. The lower yielding hybrid (Pride 116) yielded more in mixtures than in pure stand, although the difference was not significant. These data support previous observations that the ability of a hybrid to yield in pure stands is not necessarily related to its ability to yield in mixtures. High plant densities appear to enhance the likelihood of interactions occurring among hybrids. For United 106, the number of proportions yielding less grain per plant than in pure stand was highly significant at the two higher plant densities. For Pride 116, the number of proportions yielding more than in pure stand was highly significant at the highest plant density.Key words: Corn, grain yield, mixtures of different proportions, high plant densities, Zea mays

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Amino Acids in Different Plant Parts of Normal and Male‐sterile Maize ( Zea mays L.) 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183x001100060010x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 805-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patricia Sarvella ◽

C. O. Grogan ◽

B. J. Stojanovic

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Plant Parts

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The effect of changes of assimilate supply around flowering on grain sink size and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of tropical and temperate adaptation

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9880153 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

GK Aluko ◽

KS Fischer

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Male Inflorescence ◽

Female Inflorescence ◽

Sink Size

Two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of temperate and one of tropical adaptation were grown in a subtropical (27�s.) environment under favourable conditions of plant population density, water and nutrient supply. The radiation incident to the plant during the period from flag leaf to 10 days after flowering was varied from the control by either shading or temporarily restraining leaves of neighbouring plants. The effects of these changes in assimilate supply, and of the presence of the male inflorescence, on the immediate dry weight of various plant parts and grain sink size, and consequential on dry matter production and grain yield was investigated. The radiation treatments effected small but significant changes in crop growth rate. Shading reduced the dry weight of the ear, and husk of the female inflorescence and male inflorescence (tassel). There were increases due to enhanced radiation. While removal of tassels also enhanced the dry weight of the female inflorescence, there was no evidence that the male inflorescence was a preferred sink for assimilates during this stage of growth.In the temperate cultivars, grain number m-2 was associated with ear dry weight at 10 days after anthesis (r = 0.95**). However, only in the tropical cultivar did the larger grain sink result in an increase in grain yield. Shading reduced grain yield in all cultivars probably because of a reduction in the supply of labile assimilates for grain filling.

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EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITIES ON GROWTH CHARACTERS, SILAGE AND GRAIN YIELD OE CORN (Zea mays L.)

Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.33899/magrj.2019.161318 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 305-312

Author(s):

Salim Younis ◽

Abbas. M. Al-Hasans.

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Growth Characters

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Changes in plant density dependence of leaf photosynthesis of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, 1959 to 1988

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-001 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

L. M. Dwyer ◽

D. W. Stewart ◽

M. Tollenaar

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Plant Density ◽

Leaf Photosynthesis ◽

Area Index ◽

Photosynthetic Rates ◽

Plant Densities

Understanding of the physiological basis for increased maize (Zea mays L.) yields over the last three decades may contribute to future genetic improvement. Recent maize production systems have tended to increase plant densities to maximize grain yield. The objective of this field study was to determine if there were changes in the response of leaf photosynthetic rates to increasing plant densities in four hybrids grown in Ontario from 1959 to 1989. The four hybrids, numbered from the oldest to most recent hybrid ((1) Pride 5, (2) United 106, (3) Pioneer 3978 and (4) Pioneer 3902) were grown at 20 000, 80 000 and 130 000 plants ha−1. Leaf photosynthetic response to irradiance (PRI) and crop growth rate (CGR) were measured near silking and during late grainfilling, leaf area index (LAI) was measured near silking and total grain yield was measured after maturity. The LAIs of recent hybrids tended to be larger than for old hybrids at comparable plant densities. Leaf photosynthetic rates declined in all hybrids at increasing densities, but the decline occurred at lower LAIs in the older hybrids. As a result, despite the higher LAIs of recent hybrids, they showed an equal or higher PRI at all plant densities. The higher PRI of recent hybrids was correlated with higher CGRs and grain yields. These results suggest that increases in optimum plant density for grain and increases in yield may be attributable, in part, to higher PRI at elevated LAIs in recent hybrids. Key words: Leaf area index, plant density, leaf photosynthesis, Zea mays L.

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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE DURING GRAIN FILLING ON WHOLE PLANT AND GRAIN YIELD IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps83-040 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 357-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

B. BADU-APRAKU ◽

R. B. HUNTER ◽

M. TOLLENAAR

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Whole Plant

In a 2-yr study, plants of an adapted, short-season single cross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid were grown outdoors until 18 days post-silking. At that stage, the plants were transferred to controlled-environment growth cabinets where temperature effects on leaf senescence, grain and whole plant dry matter (DM) production and DM distribution were studied. The day/night temperature regimes were 25/15 °C, 25/25 °C, 35/15 °C and 35/25 °C. Higher temperatures reduced whole plant DM accumulation during grain filling. The reduction in DM accumulation was primarily related to a reduction in the period of time from 18 days post-silking until 100% leaf senescence and, to a limited extent, to a lower rate of whole plant DM production. Grain yield per plant was also lower under higher temperatures. The decreases in grain yield were almost entirely determined by a shorter duration of grain filling, while no temperature effect was observed on kernel growth rates or on kernel number per ear. During rapid grain filling, the increase in kernel DM results from utilization of a combination of assimilates temporarily stored in the vegetative plant parts and assimilates produced through current photosynthesis. Under the highest temperature regime, assimilates remobilized from other plant parts accounted for a greater proportion of kernel weight gain. In addition, there was an indication that higher night temperatures resulted in an increased proportion of gain in kernel weight resulting from remobilization of stored DM.Key words: Corn, temperature, grain-filling period, grain growth, yield components, leaf senescence

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Evaluation of nutrient status and grain yield of two corn cultivars under different soil aluminum levels after liming

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132000000300005 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 275-279

Author(s):

Volnei Pauletti ◽

Beatriz Monte Serrat Prevedello ◽

Amir Pissaia ◽

Airton Scopel

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Plant Part ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Soil Aluminum ◽

Al Distribution

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of decreasing levels of Al saturation through the addition of lime under field conditions in the nutritional status and grain yield of two corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars: one tolerant and one non-tolerant to Al. The experiment was conducted on Red Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) at the Paraná, Brazil. Control plots received no lime (T0), the treatment T3 received lime to achieve 0% Al saturation and treatments T1 and T2 recieved 33.3% and 66.6%, respectively, of the lime applied to treatment T3. At full bloom stage, representative leaves ("nutritional leaves") were analysed for macro, micronutrients and Al contents, and in treatments T0 and T3 were also analyzed for Al distribution in shoot plants parts (stem, node, internode and leaves). Liming increased concentrations of N, P and Mg and decreased concentrations of Mn and Al in the "nutritional leaves"of both cultivars. The Al distribution in the shoot plant parts showed that its concentration was higher in the leaves than in any other plant part, independent of liming level. Grain yield of the tolerant cultivar was higher, although for both cultivars increase in yield was correlated with decrease in Al saturation.

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