Estimated Quantity of Water in Fractured Bedrock Units on Mt. Desert Island, and Estimated Ground-Water Use, Recharge, and Dilution of Nitrogen in Septic Waste in the Bar Harbor Area, Maine

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season 2011-2012 at Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agri-cultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) to study the periodic soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes under shallow water table conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications keeping combinations of three cultivars viz., BH 393, BH 902 and BH 885 and two crop geometries viz 2 rows per bed and 3 rows per bed (70 cm wide with 40 cm top and 30 cm furrow) in main plots and three moisture regimes (irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) in sub plots. The results revealed that maximum soil moisture depletion (105 mm) and ground water contribution (62 mm) were recorded in BH 902, followed by BH 393 and BH 885. Among crop geometries, soil moisture depletion (96.6 mm) and ground water contribution (61 mm) were recorded higher in 3 rows per bed than 2 rows per bed. Among three moisture regimes, the soil moisture depletion (108 mm) and ground water contribution (65 mm) decreased with increase in moisture regime from irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3 to irrigation at IW/CPE 0.4 or 0.5.

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The contested common pool resource: Ground water use in urban Kathmandu, Nepal

Geographical Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/gjn.v10i0.17396 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 153-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shobha Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Ground Water ◽

Water Use ◽

Critical Role ◽

Social Setting ◽

Common Pool Resource ◽

Groundwater Extraction ◽

Common Pool ◽

Water Demands ◽

Public Resource ◽

Deep Wells

Groundwater has always played a critical role in meeting the water demands of traditionally water-short areas of urban Kathmandu. Studies show that ground water level is depleting and is under immense pressure due to over-extraction.The current study focuses on existing situation of ground water availability and use in urban Kathmandu, conflicts among households for ground water use and changing social setting and policy implementation.The study found that the traditional culture of using public well and sharing and optimizing groundwater resource is gradually fading due to scarcity of water. Private deep wells are being constructed inside house for household use altering traditional social setting of a public well and culture of sharing public resource is declining. There is no authority and policy to control and monitor the ground water extraction for private use. The increasing number of groundwater extraction, uncontrolled and unregulated use for private and commercial use has contested the use of common pool resource and traditional social setting.The Geographical Journal of Nepal Vol. 10: 153-166, 2017

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