Reprocessing of reflection seismic lines R111 and R102, Risha gas field, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Miller ◽  
W.F. Agena ◽  
M.W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Field ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Seismic Lines

Texture model regression for effective feature discrimination: Application to seismic facies visualization and interpretation

Geophysics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengliang Gao
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fresnel Zone ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Image Texture ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Texture Model

The classical approach to feature discrimination requires extraction and classification of multiple attributes. Such an approach is expensive in terms of computational time and storage space, and the results are generally difficult to interpret. With increasing data size and dimensionality, along with demand for high performance and productivity, the effectiveness of a feature‐discrimination methodology has become a critically important issue in many areas of science. To address such an issue, I developed a texture model regression (TMR) methodology. Unlike classical attribute extraction and classification algorithms, the TMR methodology uses an interpreter‐defined texture model as a calibrating filter and regresses the model texture with the data texture at each sample location to create a regression‐gradient volume. The new approach not only dramatically reduces computational cycle time and space but also creates betters results than those obtained from classical techniques, resulting in improved feature discrimination, visualization, and interpretation. Application of the TMR concept to reflection seismic data demonstrates its value in seismic‐facies analysis. In order to characterize reflection seismic images composed of wiggle traces with variable amplitude, frequency, and phase, I introduced two simple seismic‐texture models in this application. The first model is defined by a full cycle of a cosine function whose amplitude and frequency are the maximum amplitude and dominant frequency of wiggle traces in the interval of interest. The second model is defined by a specific reflection pattern known to be associated with a geologic feature of interest, such as gas sand in a hydrocarbon reservoir. I applied both models to a submarine turbidite system offshore West Africa and to a gas field in the deep‐water Gulf of Mexico, respectively. Based on extensive experimentation and comparative analysis, I found that the TMR process with such simple texture models creates superior results, using minimal computational resources. The result is geologically intriguing, easily interpretable, and consistent with general depositional and reservoir‐facies concepts. Such a successful application may be attributable to the sensitivity of image texture to physical texture in the Fresnel zone at an acoustic interface and therefore to lithology, depositional facies, and hydrocarbonsaturation.

A new interpretation of geological structure of Tempoku Coal Field by crooked-line survey

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
O. Nakano ◽  
M. Endo ◽  
E. Ishii ◽  
H. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Line Method ◽  
Northern Island ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Seismic Lines

Tempoku Coal Field is located in the northern area of Japan's northern island, Hokkaido. Here the exploration target, the Soya Coal-Bearing Formation, is of Tertiary age overlying Cretaceous basement. The regional structure of the area is characterised by a series of synclines and anticlines trending north-northwest, with several reverse faults. A suite of surveys was carried out in 1991, in the Asajino area in the central part of the coal field. The study included drilling, vertical seismic profiling, and trenching, as well as a reflection seismic survey with the crooked-line method, which is the subject of this paper. The crooked-line method was adopted because of the mountainous terrain of the area. The seismic lines were laid out along existing tracks and valleys. The main geological structure of the area had long been considered to be a monotonous series of folds. However, the 1991 survey revealed a large-scale thrust-related structure in the main coal seams, which presented clear reflectors. Together with the data from other surveys, a reinterpretation of the structure of the Asajino area is proposed.

scholarly journals Extensional shear zones as imaged by reflection seismic lines: the Larderello geothermal field (central Italy)

2003 ◽  
Vol 363 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brogi ◽  
Antonio Lazzarotto ◽  
Domenico Liotta ◽  
Giorgio Ranalli
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Seismic Lines

The application of ambient noise and reflection seismic exploration in an urban active fault survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. SU1-SU10
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiong Lei ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Wenyuan Jin ◽  
Chen Han ◽  
Xiwei Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Active Source ◽  
Seismic Lines

As the detection of urban active faults becomes increasingly important, high-resolution detection of urban blind active faults is very important for urban planning, land use, and disaster risk reduction. However, it is difficult to determine the corresponding surface positions in the city environment for noise and building restrictions. The active source reflection seismic technique is considered the best technique to image faults with a high resolution and deep penetration. However, urban geophysical exploration must often consider the complex urban environment, which includes moving vehicles, dense power grids, and irregular buildings. These features make active source reflection seismic exploration difficult for wide application due to its drawbacks of high cost and the necessary use of explosives. In contrast, ambient noise seismic surveys have the advantages of continuous ambient noise sources, low cost, and fast deployment. These advantages are good for urban exploration. Although ambient noise seismic surveys have a lower resolution than active seismic surveys, their ultrahigh-density layout can improve the resolution. We have conducted two active source seismic lines and two ambient noise seismic lines near the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault (HGF) in a northern suburb of Beijing. The autocorrelation and crosscorrelation results are consistent with the active source reflection seismic results. They revealed the location of the HGF, which is composed of a set of steep dip faults. The study of the combination of the two techniques demonstrates that ambient noise seismic surveys are effective for urban active fault detection, especially for larger scale area surveys, and active source reflection seismic surveys can be used for detailed surveys. The combination of the two techniques has a higher efficiency and lower costs and can be widely used in blind urban active fault surveys.

Lift-off moraines: markers of last ice-flow directions on the Scotian Shelf

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1723-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R Gipp
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Flow Directions ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Seismic Lines

Lift-off moraines are acoustically incoherent, subparallel ridges observed on sidescan sonograms and high-resolution reflection seismic profiles on the southeastern continental margin of Canada. They are up to 3 m high, 20–80 m wide, and are commonly overlain by stratified proglacial sediments. Although little is known about them, detailed study of high-resolution seismic profiles from the Emerald Basin and the LaHave Basin, on the Scotian Shelf, show that their height:width ratio varies with the sounder–seabed separation, suggesting that the ridges may be narrower than they appear. Their morphology is similar to DeGeer moraines or cross-valley moraines, which form perpendicular to ice-flow direction. As their orientations can be estimated at the intersection of seismic lines, they can be used to estimate ice-flow directions. Since proglacial sediments are draped directly over top of them, they are assumed to record the direction of last ice flow. This directional data suggests that ice retreated not only northward (to Nova Scotia), but also toward local topographic highs on the continental shelf, which acted as anchoring points for ice rises around both the Emerald and LaHave Basins. This pattern of ice-flow directions suggests that ice flowed from the high ground of banks, converging into basin deeps, suggesting that small moraines within the basins are probably of interlobate origin.

scholarly journals Seismo-Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Holocene Sediments off Grande Rivière de la Baleine, Southeastern Hudson Bay, Québec

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Gonthier ◽  
Bruno d’Anglejan ◽  
Heiner W. Josenhans
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Holocene Sediments ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Seismic Lines

ABSTRACT The regional distribution of Holocene sediments of eastern Hudson Bay off the Grande Rivière de la Baleine mouth was mapped using a grid of reflection seismic lines (approximately 300 km long and covering an area of approximately 800 km2) and data from 7 piston cores. Based on the seismic records and piston cores, 4 stratigraphic units overlying the Proterozoic bedrock (unit 1) were defined and interpreted: (unit 2) glacial till deposited by a westward flowing ice sheet, (unit 3) rhythmically bedded clays and silts presumably deposited in glacial Lake Ojibway, (unit 4) postglacial marine muds deposited in the Tyrrell Sea overlain by undifferentiated modern marine muds, and (unit 5) distal fluviodeltaic sediments from Grande Rivière de la Baleine. Similar stratigraphie units have been described onshore. Textural and geochemical analyses suggest that unit 3 rhythmites are true varves; dark "summer" laminae were deposited mainly by underflows during the open water season, and light "winter" laminae were deposited by overflows-interflows along thermal stratifications under a seasonal ice cover. Unit 5 covers approximately 400 km2 and occurs as a deltaic constructional wedge protruding as far as 11 km offshore of the Grande Rivière de la Baleine entrance with thicknesses reaching 30 m along the coast. It was deposited between 3500 BP and the present from remobilization of glacial sediments farther upstream due to river downcutting during emergence.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Paleo-Channel Based on Shallow Seismic Reflection Record in Banten Bay, Banten Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogi Noviadi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Seismic Line ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Geological Setting ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Seismic Lines

The objective of this study is to find out the pattern of paleo channel which was formed in Banten Bay and its surrounding.  The aims are to find out the paleo-channel pattern at study area. The study methods are including vessel positioning, and shallow seismic reflection work. Vessel positioning method is to locate the exact position of seismic work     when recording the data from single channel of shallow seismic reflection. Seismic line orientations are determined by regional geological setting of the area. Trend of seismic lines are dominantly north – south. In order to get the seismic data which could give geological setting configuration, seismic lines should be perpendicular to the strikes of the sediments.Based on the calculation of velocity of seismic refraction in sea water 1,500 meters/second, while within sediment 1,600 meters/second, it could be concluded that the paleo chanels were more or less in 32 meters below sea floor depth.This layer was the system that occur during the process of an interglacial on the Sunda Shelf when it was still a part of land that connects the Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan Islands. Paleo-channel deposits are characterized by subparalel - chaotic reflection character with a thickness between 5-35 meters.Keywords: Paleo-channels, seismic records and Banten BayMaksud dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola sungai purba yang terdapat di Teluk Banten dan sekitarnya, yang tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui pola penyebaran alur sungai purba di daerah penelitian. Metode penelitian terdiri dari penentuan posisi kapal dan penelitian  seismik pantul dangkal. Penentuan posisi kapal berguna untuk menemukan posisi yang tepat saat merekam data oleh perlatan seismik saluran tunggal dangkal. Lokasi lintasan seismik disesuaikan dengan kondisi geologi daerah penelitian. Arah lintasan seismik pada umumnya berarah utara – selatan. Untuk mendapatkan data seismik yang bisa memberikan konfigurasi kondisi geologi, lintasan seismik harus tegak lurus terhadap kedudukan lapisan batuan.Berdasarkan cepat rambat gelombang seismik di air laut 1.500 meter/detik, dan sedimen 1.600 meter/ detik, dapat disimpulkan bahwa alur purba kurang lebih berada pada kedalaman  32 meter di bawah dasar laut.Lapisan ini merupakan sistem pengendapan yang terjadi selama proses interglasial di Paparan Sunda yang pada saat itu masih  merupakan bagian dari daratan yang menghubungkan P. Jawa, Sumatera dan P. Kalimantan. Endapan alur purba  dicirikan dengan pola refleksi subparalel sampai tidak beraturan dengan ketebalan antara 5-35 meter.Kata kunci: Alur purba, rekaman seismik dan teluk Banten

Age Determination in Lake Deposits

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Age Determination ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Gray Area ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Lake Deposits ◽  
Seismic Lines

It is almost impossible to overemphasize the importance of good chronological control to paleolimnology. Age control allows us to determine rates of processes and fluxes of materials, and to test hypotheses of linkage between archives and hypothesized external controls of those archives. Geologists differentiate between relative age versus absolute dating methods. Relative age determinations are based on the concepts of superposition (older sediments are on the bottom, in the absence of tectonic disturbance) and lithological correlation. In contrast, absolute dating methods are done without necessary reference to other analyses or locations, to produce an age determination (i.e., 100,000 yr before present). Some methods, such as paleomagnetics, amino acid racemization, and biostratigraphy, lie in a gray area between these two, providing absolute dates or age ranges in certain circumstances and relative age constraints in others. In this book, I will refer to the general study of both relative and absolute age determination as geochronology, and use the term geochronometry to refer to absolute dating. Lithological correlation involves matching similar lithologies between outcrop or core localities, allowing a network of age relationships to be established between various sites. This can be done at any scale, from within a lake to intercontinental, although lithostratigraphical correlations based on core or outcrop observations are most commonly useful only at a local, intrabasinal level. Correlation within basins is often achieved using reflection seismic stratigraphy. Depositional or unconformity surfaces can normally be recognized on seismic lines that extend over the scale of individual sub-basins to entire lakes (Nelson et al., 1994; Lezzar et al., 1996; Van Rensbergen et al., 1998). When dated cores are obtained or outcrops studied along these seismic lines, a correlation network can be established, with probable ages attached to specific seismic horizons. Intrabasinal correlation can also be done by correlating distinctive patterns of change in features such as magnetic intensity, patterns of stable isotopic change in sediments, or biostratigraphical markers, that may be consistent across a lake basin. Sometimes, relative correlations can be made between lakes.

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