Hydrology and water quality in the Nederlo Creek Basin, Wisconsin, before construction of two water-retention structures

Timber harvesting operations have significant effects on both water quantity and water quality. The effects on water quantity have been well documented both in Australia and elsewhere. The effects on water quality are less widely appreciated, and include elevated concentrations of dissolved salts, suspended solids and nutrients, especially during peak flow periods. Several Australian studies have failed to measure peak flow transport of suspended solids, or have measured it inadequately, thus severely underestimating transport. The major short-term effects of timber harvesting on the aquatic biota result from increased sediment input into streams or increased light through damage to, or removal of, the riparian vegetation. Sediment which settles on, or penetrates into, the stream bed is of more concern than suspended sediment, and can lead to long-term deleterious changes to fish and invertebrate populations. Increased light causes an increase in stream primary production which may increase invertebrate densities, and alter community composition. These biological consequences have not yet been adequately investigated in Australia. Longer-term effects, as yet not investigated in Australia, include changes to stream structure as the regrowth forest has fewer large logs to fall into the stream. These large logs play a major role as habitat and retention structures in streams. There has been no attempt to evaluate the effects of timber production activities, including pesticide use and fuel reduction burning, on the Australian stream biota. Likewise, although buffer zones are widely advocated as a protection measure for streams in Australia, there have been no studies to evaluate their effectiveness.

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State and Performance of Water Retention Structures of Earthen Irrigation Dams in Northern Ghana

International Journal of Irrigation and Agricultural Development (IJIRAD) ◽

10.47762/2017.964x.22 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

T. A. Adongo ◽

F. K. Abagale ◽

G. Kranjac-Berisavljevic

Keyword(s):

Field Observation ◽

Water Retention ◽

Structural Defects ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Key Informants ◽

Storage Reservoirs ◽

State Of Water ◽

Northern Regions ◽

And Performance ◽

Retention Structures

The study assessed performance and state of water retention infrastructure of eight (8) irrigation schemes in three (3) northern regions of Ghana. Data was collected using field observation and key informants’ interviews. The results indicated that the Tono and Bontanga earthen irrigation dams’ embankments had no structural defects whereas the embankments of Libga, Golinga, Karni, Vea, Doba and Sankana had some structural defects. Except Libga, all the spillways had no structural deficiencies and signs of risk of failure. All the reservoirs contained some amounts of sediments and weeds. The night storage reservoirs at Tono and Vea were weedy and silted up. The developed irrigable areas of Vea, Tono, Doba, Sankana and Karni schemes had average irrigation rates ranging from 12 - 76 % for the years 2010 - 2017. The water retention infrastructure of the irrigation schemes are recommended for maintenance and periodic repairs to ensure sustainable water retention and availability for crop irrigation.

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Water retention properties of a sandy soil with superabsorbent polymers as affected by aging and water quality

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science ◽

10.1002/jpln.201500128 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 178 (5) ◽

pp. 798-806 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Schahram Banedjschafie ◽

Wolfgang Durner

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Water Retention ◽

Superabsorbent Polymers ◽

Water Retention Properties

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Water quality in forests small retention reservoirs in southern Poland – case study

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Land Reclamation ◽

10.2478/sggw-2018-0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 3-17

Author(s):

Mirosław Wiatkowski ◽

Czesława Rosik-Dulewska ◽

Daria Nikel ◽

Urszula Karwaczyńska

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Water Retention ◽

Seasonal Fluctuation ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Electrolytic Conductivity ◽

Quality Class ◽

Southern Poland

Abstract This paper provides an analysis of water quality in three newly constructed small water retention reservoirs (Rudziczka, Niemysłowice I and Paciorkowy) located in forested areas of the forest district Prudnik in the Opolskie Province (southern Poland). The main purpose of these reservoirs is not only water retention, but also flood safety, fire protection, recreation and ecology. This paper presents the results of research carried out in December 2014 and May 2015. The assessment of water quality was performed in accordance with the applicable provisions on water quality assessment. Moreover, an assessment of eutrophication of water and of the usability of water in reservoirs is given (an analysis of suitability of water as a fish habitat). The research shows that the investigated waters are of quality class I in terms of the values of electrolytic conductivity, nitrates, nitrites, dissolved oxygen CODMn, calcium, magnesium and general hardness. In terms of the temperature (the Rudziczka reservoir), and the content of ammonia and phosphates they were of quality class II. The reaction, BOD5 and sulphates and chlorides content exceeded the threshold values for class II. It was also found that the investigated waters are not eutrophic. Based on the indicators such as reaction, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and temperature, the waters in all the reservoirs except for Rudziczka met the quality requirements for habitats of salmonids and cyprinids. The living conditions for fish are deteriorated most by the increased levels of BOD5 and of nitrites in the Rudziczka and Paciorkowy reservoirs. The analysis of seasonal fluctuation in concentrations of water quality indicators in the investigated water bodies showed that in winter the concentrations of indicators were higher for nitrates, phosphates, electrolytic conductivity, calcium and general hardness and lower for temperature, reaction, nitrites, ammonia and dissolved oxygen. While the water in the Paciorkowy reservoir had the worst quality, the surface water in the Rudziczka reservoir had the best quality. The research initiated in small forests water retention reservoirs provides preliminary information on water quality and the importance of investigated reservoirs for increased retention.

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Fluvial lakes affect on phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the Samica Stęszewska River

Limnological Review ◽

10.2478/v10194-011-0004-6 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

Agnieszka Ławniczak ◽

Janina Zbierska ◽

Sylwia Machula ◽

Adam Choiński

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Level ◽

Total Phosphorus ◽

Water Retention ◽

Water Discharge ◽

High Water ◽

Water Level Fluctuations ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Lake Ecosystem ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

Fluvial lakes affect on phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the Samica Stęszewska River The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of shallow lakes on reactive, total phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the river water and analyse the effect of changes in water retention in lake on nutrient concentrations in river waters. The study was carried out in the Samica Steszewska River. This is lowland river, which flows through two polymictic lakes. The study site is located in the Wielkopolska Lowland, Central-west Poland. Water samples were collected at depths of 0.5 m below the water surface. Reactive, total phosphorus and potassium were analysed monthly by standard methods. The study was carried out from January to December 1999-2002 (period with high water retention), 2005-2008 (period with low water retention), at four control points. Sites were located at the inflow and outflow of the Samica Stęszewska River into and out of Niepruszewskie and Tomickie Lakes. From 1974 to 2002, Lake Niepruszewskie was regulated at its outlet by a weir. In 2002, the water level was reduced. Changes of water retention in Niepruszewskie Lake influenced water discharge of the Samica Stęszewska River. The results indicate that changes in water retention have significantly influenced water quality in the river, particularly total and reactive phosphorus concentrations; however, this influence was not observed in respect to potassium concentrations. Nutrient concentrations in river strongly depend on water quality of the lake ecosystem and their buffering capacity. Additionally, by improving water quality, increased oxygen concentrations, and decreasing dissolved nutrient concentrations, as well as increased amplitude of water level fluctuations in lakes may increase P-fixation rates in outlet streams.

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Soil water retention and structure stability as affected by water quality

EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE (EJSS) ◽

10.18393/ejss.24378 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amrakh I. Mamedov

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Retention ◽

Structure Stability ◽

Soil Water Retention

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The use of reactive material for limiting P-leaching from green roof substrate

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.173 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 3027-3032 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Agnieszka Bus ◽

Agnieszka Karczmarczyk ◽

Anna Baryła

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Water Retention ◽

Green Roof ◽

Column Experiment ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Reactive Material ◽

Average Value ◽

Supporting Layer ◽

P Leaching

Abstract The aim of the study is to assess the influence of drainage layer made of reactive material Polonite® on the water retention and P-PO4 concentration in runoff. A column experiment was performed for extensive substrate underlined by 2 cm of Polonite® layer (SP) and the same substrate without supporting layer as a reference (S). The leakage phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.001 to 0.082 mg P-PO4·L−1, with average value 0.025 P-PO4·L−1 of S experiment and 0.000–0.004 P-PO4·L−1 and 0.001 P-PO4·L−1 of SP experiment, respectively. The 2 cm layer of Polonite® was efficient in reducing P outflow from green roof substrate by 96%. The average effluent volumes from S and SP experiments amounted 61.1 mL (5.8–543.3 mL) and 46.4 mL (3.3–473.3 mL) with the average irrigation rate of 175.5 mL (6.3–758.0 mL). The substrate retention ability of S and SP experiments was 65% and 74%, respectively. Provided with reactive materials, green roof layers implemented in urban areas for rain water retention and delaying runoff also work for protection of water quality.

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EFFECT OF GREEN ROOF AGE ON RUNOFF WATER QUALITY IN PORTLAND, OREGON

Journal of Green Building ◽

10.3992/1943-4618.13.2.42 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 42-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jarrett Okita ◽

Cara Poor ◽

Jessica M. Kleiss ◽

Ted Eckmann

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Water Retention ◽

Green Roof ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Dry Season ◽

Rain Event ◽

Wet Season ◽

Runoff Water

Green roofs have become a common method to increase water retention on-site in urban areas. However, the long-term water quality of runoff from green roofs is poorly understood. This study evaluated the water quality of stormwater runoff from a regular (non-vegetated) roof, a green roof installed 6 months previously, and a green roof installed 6 years ago in Portland, Oregon. Samples of runoff were taken during every rain event for 10 months, and analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), phosphate (PO3-4), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (NO-3), ammonia (NH3), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Runoff from the green roofs had higher concentrations of TP and PO3-4 and lower concentrations of Zn compared to the regular roof. Average TP concentrations from the 6-year old roof and 6-month old roof were 6.3 and 14.6 times higher, respectively, than concentrations from the regular roof, and average PO3-4 concentrations from the 6-year old roof and 6-month old roof were 13.5 and 26.6 times higher, respectively, compared to the regular roof. Runoff from the 6-month old green roof had higher concentrations of TP and PO3-4 than the 6-year old green roof during the wet season, but lower concentrations during the dry season. The 6-month old green roof installations where receiving waters are sensitive or impaired may need additional treatment methods to reduce phosphorus levels. As green roofs age, water retention decreases and phosphorus leaching increases during the dry season.

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