Uwagi o prawnym znaczeniu konstytucyjnego zakazu nadmiernego zadłużania państwa

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
Ryszard Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Balance Budget ◽  
The Republic

According to Article 216.5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland it shall be permissible neither to contract loans nor provide guarantees and financial sureties which would engender a national public debt exceeding three-fifths of the value of the annual gross domestic product. The method of calculating the value of the annual gross domestic product and national public debt shall be specified by statute. However, this provision co-establishing the principle of balance budget as constitutional value is not an absolute paradigm. It is limited by other constitutional values and principles, including the principle of common good, and should not be abused against the principle of diligence and efficiency in the work of state bodies.

The Impact of Corporate Income Tax on Gross Domestic Product - The Case of the Republic of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
Jadranka Đurović Todorović ◽  
Marina Đorđević ◽  
Marko Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The importance of certain tax forms for the economy of any country is confirmed by the fact that they can be used to impact on the achievement of fiscal aims as they play a significant role when it comes to their share in a total amount of public revenue of certain countries. Another important characteristic of taxes is that they can affect the trends of gross domestic product (GDP) as one of the most important economic indicators of achieved development of a national economy. It is for this reason that we must point out that the authors will pay special attention to determining the impact that corporate income tax has on trends of gross domestic product in the Republic of Serbia and their interdependency. This will provide an answer to a question whether corporate income taxes have a positive effect on gross domestic product trends and what is its relation with this indicator. On the basis of quantitative research, through the application of regression analysis, the authors will confirm or refute the hypothesis concerning this problem. Finally, we will reach a conclusion which will offer answers to questions related to the impact of this tax type tax on the gross domestic product trends, the extent of the impact and its nature – whether it has a positive or a negative effect on gross domestic product trends in the Republic of Serbia

scholarly journals Цифровая синергетика взаимодействия внутригодовой активности экономической деятельности и годовой динамики валового внутреннего продукта

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
Michail Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Cyclic Component ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activity Energy

According to the results of the decomposition of the observed levels of quarterly GDP indicators statistically relevant components of its dynamics are identified: the dynamic component of seasonal cyclic nature, the trend-cyclic component, and that of short-term fluctuations. A methodology is suggested for studying the impact of within-year economic activity energy on the dynamics of annual GDP indicators. The research analytics was tested on the actual materials of annual and quarterly indicators of the Gross Domestic Product of the Republic of Belarus over the period of 2009–2017.

scholarly journals Study on the fiscal behavior at an international level

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 601-612
Author(s):  
Petre Brezeanu ◽  
Adriana Florina Popa ◽  
Daniela Nicoleta Sahlian ◽  
Monica Florentina Calopereanu ◽  
Ramona Tatiana Damian
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Fiscal Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Apparently, defining fiscal behavior is a relatively easy approach, but in essence, this concept requires the research of several elements, both economic and psychological. The taxpayer is the component of the tax system that reflects the fiscal policy and, implicitly, its changes. Thus, research in the field has shown that two types of behavior can be identified by combining several economic, psychological, religious or cultural factors: fiscal compliance or fiscal non-compliance. The research ideea may be motivated by the growing importance of tax behavior and compliance subject, especially in the current economic situation, when taxation has become a controversy at any time and in any society, regardless of the degree of democracy. Moreover, tax compliance does not refer only to the economic aspects, but also to the behavioral aspects that influence the process of raising public taxes. The econometric study analyzes the fiscal correlation between the public debt and tax variables such as tax revenues from direct and indirect taxes or social contributions, conected to the dynamics of the gross domestic product and the scale of payments balance. The study is conducted for two groups of countries: developed and emerging countries. The purpose of this research is to identify both the impact of tax revenues on direct, indirect taxes and social contributions, and that of the dynamics of gross domestic product and scale of payments balance on public debt, showing how fiscal behavior is influenced by the two groups of countries and what factors contribute to this.

scholarly journals Economic aspects of the integration processes of the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Milica Simić ◽  
Antoaneta Vassileva ◽  
Anđelka Aničić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Trade Partners

Exchange of goods and services is the most important domain of economic cooperation between the Republic of Serbia with the world and is crucial for faster growth of gross domestic product (and thus expected economic growth rates and faster social development and rising living standards) in the coming period. Due to this, paper analyses the degree of involvement of the Republic of Serbia in total world exports, its most important foreign trade partners, the degree of openness of the economy and the share of exports in gross domestic product, analyzing the period from 2008 to 2017. The aim of this paper is to study specific relations between the Republic of Serbia and its most important foreign trade partners and their interdependence with the integration processes through multilateral and bilateral cooperation with the European Union, Eurasian Economic Union, World Trade Organization and Central European Free Trade Agreement. Based on the updated statistical research and analysis of the content of the basic determinants of bilateral agreements, recommendations were given for the future development of integration processes within the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union.

Determinan Kenaikan Rasio Utang Indonesia Periode 2012-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Widjanarko Widjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Flow Adjustment ◽  
Stock Flow

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan (dekomposisi) variabel penyumbang kenaikan rasio utang terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia tahun 2012-2019 dengan pendekatan debt dynamic. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan model dekomposisi public debt to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio yang dikembangkan International Monetary Fund/IMF (2013). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel menyumbang kenaikan rasio utang terhadap PDB, meliputi: i) keseimbangan primer negatif karena kenaikan jumlah pengadaan utang), ii) relatif tingginya tingkat bunga riil iii) pelemahan nilai tukar dan iv) Stock Flow Adjustment (SFA). Upaya meminimalisasi penurunan defisit keseimbangan primer tahun 2018 sebesar -0,01% PDBmenjadi sebesar -0.5% GDP di tahun 2019menunjukkan tekad pemerintah untuk menjaga keberlanjutan fiskal.Hal tersebut tercermin dalam relatif kecilnya peningkatan rasio utang terhadap PDB dari 29,98% tahun 2018 menjadi 30.18% PDB tahun 2019.

ASSESSMENT OF THE LINK BETWEEN MACROECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS AND TAX REVENUES OF THE COUNTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Оlena Burunowa
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Research Study ◽  
National Development ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators

In any country, the tax system acts as the basis of the economic system. In Poland, the process of improving the tax system is constantly underway. It is aimed at unification with world norms and standards and depends on the strategic directions of the national economic development. Since the opportunities for implementation of the country's strategic development programmes depend on the level of the state income and the main indicators of national development are macroeconomic indicators, the purpose of the paper is to study the relationship between the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and tax revenues of the country. In the research study there were used some general scientific and special methods, such as: systematic method (in the research study of taxes in the structure of budget revenues); comparison, grouping, analysis and synthesis, statistical method (in analysing the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and the volume of tax revenues in the budget of Poland); method of logical generalisation (for the formation of conclusions). The research used data exclusively from the official statistical sources of the Main Statistics Office of Poland, the National Bank of Poland, the Ministry of Finance of Poland. The paper identifies the importance of tax revenues in the revenue part of the budget, analyzes the growth rates of taxes and macroeconomic indicators, establishes a correlation and a regression relationship between gross domestic product, public debt, balance of trade, volume of gold reserves and total tax revenues, and also outlines the level of efficiency of the Polish tax system on the basis of the coefficient of tax elasticity. The results of the research study showed that tax revenues are sensitive to changes in the growth of gross domestic product, as well as changes in public debt, exports and imports, gold and foreign exchange reserves. All the above should take into account the country while being in the budget planning and forecasting process.

scholarly journals Export, Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Product: Case of the Commonwealth of Independent States Countries and Armenia

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 206-223
Author(s):  
Lilit N. Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Export and foreign direct investment have great significance for economic development of the developing and transition countries, like Armenia and the Commonwealth of Independent States countries. As the domestic market of the Republic of Armenia is small, Armenia’s economic development depends on external demand. The aim of this article is to estimate the impact of foreign direct investment and export on gross domestic product of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries and the Republic of Armenia. Materials and Methods. For the Commonwealth of Independent States countries, regression analysis with panel data was performed using Stata V10 statistical package. For Armenia, correlation and regression analysis was performed, the results of the Granger causality test were revealed. The regression analysis employed the least squares method. Results. The performed analysis has shown that in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries the export growth of 1 % causes the gross domestic product growth of 0.92 % and the increase in foreign direct investment of 1 % causes the gross domestic product growth of 0.4 %. In the Republic of Armenia, the export growth of 1 unit causes the gross domestic product growth of 8.89 units and the increase in foreign direct investment of 1 unit causes the gross domestic product growth of 1.23 units. Discussion and Conclusion. Comparison of the obtained results with those of the similar analysis conducted earlier by the author makes it possible to state that in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries the impact of export has decreased while the impact of foreign direct investment has increased. In Armenia, the impact of both export and foreign direct investment is higher than before. The materials of this article may be useful for other researcher studying this issue, as well as for the governments of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries and the Republic of Armenia responsible for the development of the economic policy.

scholarly journals Public debt influence to the agriculture sector in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-314
Author(s):  
NUHU A. SANSA
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Average Change

Recent literature evidence shows that the Tanzania Public Debt is rapidly growing and the Tanzania Government is using 40% of its domestic revenue to service the public debt at a time when substantially more funding is required for keeping the Tanzania agriculture sector, economic development activities and most important the sustainable development goals attainable. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the influence of the public debt to the agriculture sector in Tanzania.  The study firstly assesses the marginal change of the annual average public debt influence to the agriculture gross domestic product and secondly the study evaluated the correlation between the public debt and the agriculture gross domestic product during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania. With that regard the study applied the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method to analyze the average annual growth rates of the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania.Public debt and agriculture sector gross domestic product time series data were collected from the World Bank and the Bank Of Tanzania annual reports during the period from 1996 to 2018 for Tanzania.To assess the marginal annual average change for the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product the annual average growth rate for the sub periods of 1996-2000, 2001-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015 and for the presidential term 1996-2005 (Third President Term), 2006-2015 (Fourth Presidential Term), and 2016-2018( Three Years Of The Fifth Presidential Term) were evaluated. While to evaluate the influence of the public debt to the agriculture sector gross domestic product, the correlation between the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product were investigated during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania. The findings of the study in actual fact catching up the attention. The study findings revealed that the  public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product marginal annual average change is positive while the correlation between the public debt and the agriculture sector gross domestic product is negative and insignificant during the period from 1996 to 2018 in Tanzania.

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