Novel Co-fermentation of <i>Dendropanax morbifera</i> Extract to Produce γ-aminobutyric Acid and Poly-γ-glutamic Acid

1. A systematic study has been made of the sensitivity of identified sensory and motoneurons in the leech central nervous system to chemical transmitter substances. 2. The following substances elicited responses from the cell bodies of individual neurons: acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, glycine, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Since the cell bodies of leech neurons are free of synapses, the receptors that give rise to these responses are extrasynaptic. 3. Sensory and motoneurons of different function had characteristic complements of extrasynaptic receptors. For example, mechanosensory cells responding to light touch, to pressure, and to noxious stimuli could be distinguished by their responses to iontophoretically applied compounds. For one of these modalities (nociceptive), neurons with different receptive fields but otherwise similar properties had markedly distinct extrasynaptic receptors. The possible significance of extrasynaptic receptors is discussed.

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A-type gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (gabaar) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) in type ii pneumocytes

Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie ◽

10.1007/bf03016925 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 26167-26167

Author(s):

Wei-Yang Lu ◽

Yun-Yan Xiang ◽

William Ju ◽

Mingyao Liu ◽

Beverley Orser

Keyword(s):

Glutamic Acid ◽

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Acid Decarboxylase ◽

Type Ii ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Acid Receptor ◽

Type Ii Pneumocytes

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Effects of γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamic Acid, and Calcium Chloride on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Cold Stress During the Early Vegetative Stage

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-016-9634-x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 240-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Yan Jia ◽

Detang Zou ◽

Jingguo Wang ◽

Hanjing Sha ◽

Hualong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Vegetative Stage

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A preliminary analysis of dietary effects on serum ninhydrin-positive compounds of immature lobsters Homarus americanus (Milne Edwards)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z78-050 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 359-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John A. Carter ◽

Gary B. Dunphy

Keyword(s):

Glutamic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Preliminary Analysis ◽

Urea Cycle ◽

Homarus Americanus ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Cysteic Acid ◽

Total Serum ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Apparent Increase

Thirty-eight ninhydrin-positive compounds (NPCs) were detected in the serum of wild, controlled-diet and starved lobsters Homarus americanus (Milne Edwards). Glycine, proline, alanine, taurine, serine, glutamic acid, ornithine, and glutamine comprised approximately 82% of the total serum NPC concentration in wild and starved lobsters and 70% in fed lobsters. The urea cycle intermediates arginine, citrulline, ornithine, and urea were detected in many samples. The following NPCs, previously unreported in lobster haemolymph, were detected as well: β-alanine, α-aminoadipic acid, α -amino-n-butyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, ammonia, anserine, as-paragine, cystathionine, cysteic acid – phosphoserine, ethanolamine, glycerophosphoethanol-amine, hydroxyproline, 1- and 3-methylhistidine. Starved lobsters showed pronounced reductions in serum NPC concentrations relative to those of fed lobsters. Starvation caused an apparent increase in the serum concentrations of the methylhistidine isomers and glycerophosphoethanolamine.

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