scholarly journals Interaction between effortful control and parenting as factors of child mental health

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
E. N. Petrenko ◽  
E. A. Kozlova ◽  
S. V. Loginova ◽  
H. R. Slobodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Child Effortful Control

The study examined interactions between parenting and child effortful control in the prediction of problem behavior in Russian preschoolers in parent reports of 28-year-old children (N = 652). Effortful Control and its components, inhibitory control, attentional control, low-intensity pleasure, and perceptual sensitivity, were measured by the Very Short Form of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ-VS). Positive parenting, punishment, and inconsistent discipline were measured by the Alabama Parenting QuestionnairePreschool Revision (APQ-R). Externalizing problems, internalizing problems, total difficulties, and impact of problems on the child’s life were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The results indicated that effortful control and perceptual sensitivity interacted with parental punishment to predict externalizing problems and total difficulties such that temperament was more strongly related to problem behavior when parents used more punishment. In a similar way, inhibitory control was more strongly related to externalizing problems and their impact on the child’s life when parents used more punishment. The majority of moderating effects were consistent with the diathesis-stress or dual risk model. That is, temperament was more strongly related to externalizing and internalizing problems and their impact on the child’s life when parents used more punishment and were inconsistent in their use of discipline.

scholarly journals Effortful control assessed by parental report and laboratory observation and adjustment in early childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Pereira ◽  
Ana Isabel Pereira ◽  
Teresa Marques
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Effortful control is a key aspect of children’s self-regulation showing a remarkable progress in early childhood. This study explored the relationship between effortful control, externalizing and internalizing problems and prosocial behaviour in young children. The sample was composed by 31 Portuguese children, aged between 3 and 6-years-old, and their parents. Effortful control was assessed by behavioural tasks (Tower of Patience, Bead Sorting) and the very short form of the Child Behavior Questionnaire administered to the parents. Internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as prosocial behaviour, were measured through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, answered by the parents. The results show that higher levels of effortful control are related to less externalizing problems and higher levels of prosocial behaviour. No significant associations were found between effortful control and internalizing problems. The mechanisms that may explain the different patterns of associations between effortful control and internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of temperament in early adolescent pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems using a bifactor model: Moderation by parenting and gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1487-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances L. Wang ◽  
Nancy Eisenberg ◽  
Carlos Valiente ◽  
Tracy L. Spinrad
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Emotional Expressivity ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractWe contribute to the literature on the relations of temperament to externalizing and internalizing problems by considering parental emotional expressivity and child gender as moderators of such relations and examining prediction of pure and co-occurring problem behaviors during early to middle adolescence using bifactor models (which provide unique and continuous factors for pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems). Parents and teachers reported on children's (4.5- to 8-year-olds; N = 214) and early adolescents’ (6 years later; N = 168) effortful control, impulsivity, anger, sadness, and problem behaviors. Parental emotional expressivity was measured observationally and with parents’ self-reports. Early-adolescents’ pure externalizing and co-occurring problems shared childhood and/or early-adolescent risk factors of low effortful control, high impulsivity, and high anger. Lower childhood and early-adolescent impulsivity and higher early-adolescent sadness predicted early-adolescents’ pure internalizing. Childhood positive parental emotional expressivity more consistently related to early-adolescents’ lower pure externalizing compared to co-occurring problems and pure internalizing. Lower effortful control predicted changes in externalizing (pure and co-occurring) over 6 years, but only when parental positive expressivity was low. Higher impulsivity predicted co-occurring problems only for boys. Findings highlight the probable complex developmental pathways to adolescent pure and co-occurring externalizing and internalizing problems.

scholarly journals Advances on Parental Educational Styles Predictors of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jaime Humberto Moreno Méndez ◽  
José Pedro Espada Sánchez ◽  
Inmaculada Gómez Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

The purposes of this study were to perform a psychometric analysis of the Parental Educational Styles Questionnaire and to evaluate its predictive validity on externalizing and internalizing problems in Colombian children. Participants were 680 parents (M= 37.34; SD= 9.2) of children aged between 8 and 12 years enrolled in public schools in Bogota, Colombia. The parental educational styles questionnaire and the child behavior checklist -parents format- were applied to the participants. The resulting model presents the best indicators of favorable fit according to confirmatory factorial analyses. These values show an internal consistence of the instrument. The results indicate that dysfunctional reaction to disobedience, communication difficulties and conflicts predicted internalizing and externalizing problems.

Teachers' Reports of the Problem Behavior of Children in Their Classrooms

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C. Molins ◽  
James R. Clopton
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Children's Behavior ◽  
Main Disadvantage

Research examining teachers' judgments of children's behavior has typically used archival data, staged videos, or written vignettes describing children's behavior. The main advantage of using staged videos and written vignettes has been that those methodologies have led to well-controlled studies. The main disadvantage is that little is known about teachers' perceptions of the problems of children in their own classrooms. In the current study, 111 first-, second-, and third-grade teachers described children in their classrooms whose behavior concerned them. Teachers identified significantly more children with externalizing problems than internalizing problems and significantly more boys than girls as having problems that concerned them However, when teachers identified children as having internalizing problems, they were just as likely to judge them as needing referral as children with externalizing problems. Similarly, when teachers judged children to have problems that concerned them, they were just as likely to judge girls as needing referral as boys.

scholarly journals A Twin-Singleton Comparison of Developmental Trajectories of Externalizing and Internalizing Problems in 6- to 12-Year-Old Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvana C. C. Robbers ◽  
Meike Bartels ◽  
Floor V. A. van Oort ◽  
C. E. M. (Toos) van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Jan van der Ende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems

AbstractResearch on twin-singleton differences in externalizing and internalizing problems in childhood is largely cross-sectional and yields contrasting results. The goal of this study was to compare developmental trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems in 6- to 12-year-old twins and singletons. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) maternal reports of externalizing and internalizing problems were obtained for a sample of 9651 twins from the Netherlands Twin Register and for a representative general population sample of 1351 singletons. Latent growth modeling was applied to estimate growth curves for twins and singletons. Twin-singleton differences in the intercepts and slopes of the growth curves were examined. The developmental trajectories of externalizing problems showed a linear decrease over time, and were not significantly different for twins and singletons. Internalizing problems seem to develop similarly for twins and singletons up to age 9. After this age twins' internalizing symptoms start to decrease in comparison to those of singletons, resulting in less internalizing problems than singletons by the age of 12 years. Our findings confirm the generalizability of twin studies to singleton populations with regard to externalizing problems in middle and late childhood. The generalizability of studies on internalizing problems in early adolescence in twin samples should be addressed with care. Twinship may be a protective factor in the development of internalizing problems during early adolescence.

scholarly journals Temperament as a Predictor of Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Sedation Success

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis M. Nelson ◽  
Thomas M. Griffith ◽  
Katherine J. Lane ◽  
Sarat Thikkurissy ◽  
JoAnna M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Inhalation Sedation ◽  
Significant Difference

Little is known about implications of temperament for children who receive nitrous oxide inhalation sedation (N2O/O2) for dental care. The aim of this study was to investigate whether child temperament is associated with success in N2O/O2. Child-caregiver dyads were enrolled from patients aged 36–95 months receiving dental care with N2O/O2 at a university-based pediatric dental clinic. To assess child temperament, 48 caregivers completed the Children's Behavior Questionnaire Short Form. Patient behavior was abstracted from Frankl scores recorded in the patient's chart. The overall behavioral failure rate was 15% (n = 7/48). There was no significant difference in sedation outcome associated with sex, health, insurance status, or complexity of treatment provided. Sedation outcome was significantly associated with the broad temperament domain of Effortful Control and its subscales Attentional Focusing and Inhibitory Control. The Negative Affectivity subscales of Frustration, Sadness, and Soothability and the Extraversion/Surgency subscales Activity and Impulsivity were also significantly associated with sedation outcome. The results of this study suggest that Effortful Control is associated with behavior during dental treatment with N2O/O2. The subscales of Attention Focusing, Inhibitory Control, Frustration, Fear, Sadness, Soothability, Activity, and Impulsivity may also be important determinants of child behavior during dental treatment.

scholarly journals Trajectories of child externalizing problems between ages 3 and 10 years: Contributions of children's early effortful control, theory of mind, and parenting experiences

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl L. Olson ◽  
Daniel Ewon Choe ◽  
Arnold J. Sameroff
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
School Age ◽  
Maternal Warmth ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Child Externalizing

AbstractPreventing problem behavior requires an understanding of earlier factors that are amenable to intervention. The main goals of our prospective longitudinal study were to trace trajectories of child externalizing behavior between ages 3 and 10 years, and to identify patterns of developmentally significant child and parenting risk factors that differentiated pathways of problem behavior. Participants were 218 3-year-old boys and girls who were reassessed following the transition to kindergarten (age 5–6 years) and during the late school-age years (age 10). Mothers contributed ratings of children's externalizing behavior at all three time points. Children's self-regulation abilities and theory of mind were assessed during a laboratory visit, and parenting risk (frequent corporal punishment and low maternal warmth) was assessed using interview-based and questionnaire measures. Four developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior yielded the best balance of parsimony and fit with our longitudinal data and latent class growth analysis. Most young children followed a pathway marked by relatively low levels of symptoms that continued to decrease across the school-age years. Atypical trajectories marked chronically high, increasing, and decreasing levels of externalizing problems across early and middle childhood. Three-year-old children with low levels of effortful control were far more likely to show the chronic pattern of elevated externalizing problems than changing or low patterns. Early parental corporal punishment and maternal warmth, respectively, differentiated preschoolers who showed increasing and decreasing patterns of problem behavior compared to the majority of children. The fact that children's poor effortful regulation skills predicted chronic early onset problems reinforces the need for early childhood screening and intervention services.

Mental Health Problems are Associated with Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Reaction Time in A Large General Population Sample. The TRAILS Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Bastiaansen ◽  
A.M. van Roon ◽  
J.K. Buitelaar ◽  
A.J. Oldehinkel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
General Population ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems

AbstractBackground:Increased intra-subject reaction time variability (RT-ISV) as coarsely measured by the standard deviation (RT-SD) has been associated with many forms of psychopathology. Low-frequency RT fluctuations, which have been associated with intrinsic brain rhythms occurring approximately every 15–40 s, have been shown to add unique information for ADHD. In this study, we investigated whether these fluctuations also relate to attentional problems in the general population, and contribute to the two major domains of psychopathology: externalizing and internalizing problems.Methods:RT was monitored throughout a self-paced sustained attention task (duration: 9.1 ± 1.2 min) in a Dutch population cohort of young adults (n = 1455, mean age: 19.0 ± 0.6 years, 55.1% girls). To characterize temporal fluctuations in RT, we performed direct Fourier Transform on externally validated frequency bands based on frequency ranges of neuronal oscillations: Slow-5 (0.010–0.027 Hz), Slow-4 (0.027–0.073 Hz), and three additional higher frequency bands. Relative magnitude of Slow-4 fluctuations was the primary predictor in regression models for attentional, internalizing and externalizing problems (measured by the Adult Self-Report questionnaire). Additionally, stepwise regression models were created to investigate (a) whether Slow-4 significantly improved the prediction of problem behaviors beyond the RT-SD and (b) whether the other frequency bands provided important additional information.Results:The magnitude of Slow-4 fluctuations significantly predicted attentional and externalizing problems and even improved model fit after modeling RT-SD first (R2 change = 0.6%, P < .01). Subsequently, adding Slow-5 explained additional variance for externalizing problems (R2 change = 0.4%, P < .05). For internalizing problems, only RT-SD made a significant contribution to the regression model (R2 = 0.5%, P < .01), that is, none of the frequency bands provided additional information.Conclusions:Low-frequency RT fluctuations have added predictive value for attentional and externalizing, but not internalizing problems beyond global differences in variability. This study extends previous findings in clinical samples of children with ADHD to adolescents from the general population and demonstrates that deconstructing RT-ISV into temporal components can provide more distinctive information for different domains of psychopathology.

Allostasis and the development of internalizing and externalizing problems: Changing relations with physiological systems across adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Hastings ◽  
Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff ◽  
Bonnie Klimes-Dougan ◽  
Amber L. Allison ◽  
Laura Derose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAllostasis, or the maintenance of stability through physiological change, refers to the process by which individuals adjust to the continually changing demands that are put upon somatic activity by salient events. Bauer and colleagues proposed that allostasis could be detected through patterns of the joint reactivity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis system under stressful conditions. We examined the associations between ANS and HPA reactivity and the development of externalizing and internalizing problems over 2 years in a sample of 215 adolescents. The interactions of ANS and HPA reactivity were contemporaneously associated with, and longitudinally predictive of, adolescents' emotional and behavioral problems. Adolescents with symmetrical high reactivity across systems had more internalizing and fewer externalizing problems initially. Over time, both symmetrical and asymmetrical reactivity predicted increasing internalizing problems in girls, depending on the measure of ANS activity that was examined, heart rate, or blood pressure reactivity. Implications for the understanding of allostasis and the dynamic nature of the relations between multiple physiological regulatory systems and adolescents' developing psychopathology are discussed.

scholarly journals Relations of parenting style to Chinese children's effortful control, ego resilience, and maladjustment

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Eisenberg ◽  
Lei Chang ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Xiaorui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Authoritative Parenting ◽  
Ego Resilience

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the relations of authoritative parenting and corporal punishment to Chinese first and second graders' effortful control (EC), impulsivity, ego resilience, and maladjustment, as well as mediating relations. A parent and teacher reported on children's EC, impulsivity, and ego resilience; parents reported on children's internalizing symptoms and their own parenting, and teachers and peers reported on children's externalizing symptoms. Authoritative parenting and low corporal punishment predicted high EC, and EC mediated the relation between parenting and externalizing problems. In addition, impulsivity mediated the relation of corporal punishment to externalizing problems. The relation of parenting to children's ego resilience was mediated by EC and/or impulsivity, and ego resilience mediated the relations of EC and impulsivity to internalizing problems.

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