European Settlement and Development in North America

1978 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
European Settlement

scholarly journals Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis, Dermatophytes, and Syphilis by Indigenous Peoples Prior to 1850

2021 ◽  
pp. 120347542110584
Author(s):  
Jonah Perlmutter ◽  
Rachel Cogan ◽  
Marni C. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
North America ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Medicine ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Sassafras Albidum ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The Impact

The Iroquoian and Algonquian-speaking Peoples of North America discovered numerous natural treatments to dermatological conditions long prior to European settlement. Anthropological evidence suggests that treatments for atopic dermatitis, dermatophyte infections, and syphilitic lesions were derived from Sassafras albidum, genus Salix trees, and S assafras officinale. Literature suggests these medicinal properties are attributed to the naturally abundant safrole, salicylic acid, and ascorbic acid in these flora. Numerous instances of these natural medicinal discoveries later being implemented into European literature reaffirms the impact of Indigenous medicine on contemporary dermatology.

scholarly journals Historical Range, Current Distribution, and Conservation Status of the Swift Fox, Vulpes velox, in North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha A. Sovada ◽  
Robert O. Woodward ◽  
Lawrence D. Igl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Use ◽  
North America ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vulpes Velox ◽  
Swift Fox ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
The Us ◽  
Historical Range

The Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) was once common in the shortgrass and mixed-grass prairies of the Great Plains of North America. The species' abundance declined and its distribution retracted following European settlement of the plains. By the late 1800s, the species had been largely extirpated from the northern portion of its historical range, and its populations were acutely depleted elsewhere. Swift Fox populations have naturally recovered somewhat since the 1950s, but overall abundance and distribution remain below historical levels. In a 1995 assessment of the species' status under the US Endangered Species Act, the US Fish and Wildlife Service concluded that a designation of threatened or endangered was warranted, but the species was "precluded from listing by higher listing priorities." A major revelation of the 1995 assessment was the recognition that information useful for determining population status was limited. Fundamental information was missing, including an accurate estimate of the species' distribution before European settlement and an estimate of the species' current distribution and trends. The objectives of this paper are to fill those gaps in knowledge. Historical records were compiled and, in combination with knowledge of the habitat requirements of the species, the historical range of the Swift Fox is estimated to be approximately 1.5 million km2. Using data collected between 2001 and 2006, the species' current distribution is estimated to be about 44% of its historical range in the United States and 3% in Canada. Under current land use, approximately 39% of the species' historical range contains grassland habitats with very good potential for Swift Fox occupation and another 10% supports grasslands with characteristics that are less preferred (e.g., a sparse shrub component or taller stature) but still suitable. Additionally, land use on at least 25% of the historical range supports dryland farming, which can be suitable for Swift Fox occupation. In the United States, approximately 52% of highest quality habitats currently available are occupied by Swift Foxes.

Locke's Theory of Original Appropriation and the Right of Settlement in Iroquois Territory

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Douglas Bishop
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Modem World ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rights Theories

James Tully and others have argued recently that the theory of property Locke defends in the Second Treatise was designed to justify European settlement on the lands of North American Natives. If this view becomes generally accepted, and Tuck suggests it will be, doubts may arise about the impartiality of Lockean property theories. Locke, as is well established and documented again by Tully, had huge vested interests in the European settlement of North America and possibly in the enslavement of Native Peoples. Doubts about Locke may reflect on all rights theories of property and thus bring into question ‘one of the major political philosophies of the modem world’ (Tully, ‘Rediscovering America,’ 165). Raising these doubts is part of Tully's declared intention (Tully, ‘Rediscovering America,’ 166). His article tries to show that the Native systems of property and government which Locke defines away as illegitimate are in fact interesting and potentially beneficial alternatives to Lockean individual rights theories.

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 152.Artemisia biennisWilld.

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Kegode ◽  
S. J. Darbyshire
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Good Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Wide Range

Kegode, G. O. and Darbyshire, S. J. 2013. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 152. Artemisia biennis Willd. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 643–658. Artemisia biennis Willd. (biennial wormwood, armoise bisannuelle) is an annual or biennial species native to western North America. Closely related species occur in Eurasia and South America which are sometimes considered conspecific. Spreading elsewhere in North America occurred along transportation corridors soon after European settlement and it has since been introduced to other parts of the world. As an economically important weed its impact appears to be increasing, possibly due in part to reduced tillage practices. The most significantly affected regions are the Prairie Provinces of Canada and the northern Great Plains in the United States. Many cereal, oilseed, pulse, vegetable and forage crops are affected where it can reduce yields at relatively low densities. A wide range of soil and moisture conditions are tolerated and it can form dense populations in disturbed habitats where its competitive ability is enhanced by prolific seed production, indeterminate seedling emergence and allelopathic effects. Although tolerant of a number of herbicides in different classes, good control can be achieved through careful timing and split application strategies.

scholarly journals North American Prairie Is a Source of Pollen for Managed Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Zhang ◽  
Ashley L St. Clair ◽  
Adam G Dolezal ◽  
Amy L Toth ◽  
Matthew E O’Neal
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Honey Bee Health ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Prairie Plants

Abstract Prairie was a dominant habitat within large portions of North America before European settlement. Conversion of prairies to farmland resulted in the loss of a large proportion of native floral resources, contributing to the decline of native pollinator populations. Efforts to reconstruct prairie could provide honey bees (Apis mellifera) a source of much-needed forage, especially in regions dominated by crop production. To what extent honey bees, which were introduced to North America by European settlers, use plants native to prairies is unclear. We placed colonies with pollen traps within reconstructed prairies in central Iowa to determine which and how much pollen is collected from prairie plants. Honey bee colonies collected more pollen from nonnative than native plants during June and July. During August and September, honey bee colonies collected more pollen from plants native to prairies. Our results suggest that honey bees’ use of native prairie plants may depend upon the seasonality of both native and nonnative plants present in the landscape. This finding may be useful for addressing the nutritional health of honey bees, as colonies in this region frequently suffer from a dearth of forage contributing to colony declines during August and September when crops and weedy plants cease blooming. These results suggest that prairie can be a significant source of forage for honey bees in the later part of the growing season in the Midwestern United States; we discuss this insight in the context of honey bee health and biodiversity conservation.

The Chestnut Pollen Decline as a Time Horizon in Lake Sediments in Eastern North America

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
North America ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Ambrosia Pollen ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Endothia Parasitica

Chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.] was a dominant tree of the upland forests of eastern North America until its elimination by the blight fungus, Endothia parasitica Anders. The blight originated in New York City in 1904, and within 50 years, it spread throughout the entire range of Castanea dentata. The chestnut destruction is documented in lake sediments by a corresponding decline of chestnut pollen as illustrated in examples from Lakes Ontario and Erie, and Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey. According to the data from Woodcliff Lake, the decline can be assigned an age equivalent to the time of the chestnut die-out for the area. Thus, dates of 1930 A.D. and 1935 A.D. are taken to represent times of the chestnut pollen decline in Lakes Ontario and Erie, respectively. The Castanea pollen decline provides an excellent and very recent time horizon (above the Ambrosia pollen boundary) for determining sedimentation trends since the time of European settlement as well as recent sedimentation rates.

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