scholarly journals La arquitectura tiahuanaco y el quero challador: la mímesis con el entorno

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-149
Author(s):  
Pedro Pablo Alayza Tijero

El presente artículo trata sobre los vasos challadores asociados a la geografía sagrada del entorno de Tiahuanaco en el Altiplano peruano-boliviano, y sobre la manera cómo la arquitectura reproduce el ciclo del agua que se da en las montañas cercanas. Las aguas de lluvia discurren desde las cimas y aparecen como puquios en las faldas, del mismo modo en que la pirámide Akapana, con sus patios hundidos en el punto más alto, traslada el agua acumulada en ellos hacia su base, mediante un sofisticado sistema de ductos y canales, a la manera de una paccha monumental. Los challadores jugarían un rol similar, en tanto conectores entre los ámbitos celestes y ctónicos, asociados a la serpiente de cascabel presente en la iconografía de estos vasos rituales descubiertos en la isla de Pariti, al sur del lago Titicaca.Palabras clave: paisaje sagrado, Tiahuanaco, challadores, Titicaca, arquitectura, queros Abstract:This article deals with the challenging vessels associated with the sacred geography of Tiahuanaco’s surroundings in the Peruvian-Bolivian Altiplano and how the architecture reproduces the water cycle in the nearby mountains. The rainwater runs from the summits and appears as small holes in the skirts, in the same way, that the Akapana pyramid, with its sunken patios at the highest point, moves the water accumulated in them towards its base, through a sophisticated system of ducts and channels, in the manner of a monumental paccha. The challengers would play a similar role, as connectors between the celestial and the chthonic environments, associated with the rattlesnake present in the iconography of these ritual vessels discovered in the island of Parití, south of Lake Titicaca.Keywords: sacred landscape, Tiahuanaco, challadores, Titicaca, architecture, keros

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Nikolay Tsyrempilov ◽  
Ulan Bigozhin ◽  
Batyrkhan Zhumabayev

Abstract This article focuses on the project Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan, launched in 2017 in Kazakhstan as part of the nationwide program Ruqani Zhangyru (Modernization of Spirituality). The officially stated goal of the project is to cultivate a sense of patriotism in the country’s residents related to places and geographic sites that are important for the historical memory of independent Kazakhstan. The authors assume that the real goal of the project is national territorialization, or recoding of the semantics of space, by selecting, codifying, and articulating some symbols and practices, while leveling and “forgetting” others. The analysis, which is based on expert interviews and official documents, shows that this postcolonial process fits into the tendency toward ethnonationalization of Kazakhstan, in which discourse on the civil nation continues to be reproduced at the official level, while real activity is more focused on reinforcing the idea of Kazakhstan as the state of the Kazakh nation. The institutionalization of organizing and recoding the sacred landscape involves a wide variety of groups and actors. These factors may explain the success of the project in comparison to other projects being implemented under the Ruqani Zhangyru program.


2021 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Marion Grau

The chapter begins with a reflection on historical notions of sacred place and how senses of sacred place are perceived and understood. Pilgrimage networks are constructed from memories of sacred places and ritualized in relationship to holy people or events. In medieval Norway, the notion of sacred landscape emerged as an interweaving of Norse and Christian elements. This sacred geography was transformed by the development of modern energy forms, transportation, and infrastructure projects made possible in part through Norway’s petroleum wealth. Even so, the pilgrimage network sought to re-establish a route network from forgotten and reimagined paths, which slowly was pieced together from the 1960s onward. The chapter ends by asking how notions of landscape, interspecies relationships, and political theologies have reconstructed notions of sacred place, sainthood, and landscape in a secularizing, increasingly multiethnic and multireligious Norway.


Author(s):  
L. Andrew Staehelin

Freeze-etched membranes usually appear as relatively smooth surfaces covered with numerous small particles and a few small holes (Fig. 1). In 1966 Branton (1“) suggested that these surfaces represent split inner mem¬brane faces and not true external membrane surfaces. His theory has now gained wide acceptance partly due to new information obtained from double replicas of freeze-cleaved specimens (2,3) and from freeze-etch experi¬ments with surface labeled membranes (4). While theses studies have fur¬ther substantiated the basic idea of membrane splitting and have shown clearly which membrane faces are complementary to each other, they have left the question open, why the replicated membrane faces usually exhibit con¬siderably fewer holes than particles. According to Branton's theory the number of holes should on the average equal the number of particles. The absence of these holes can be explained in either of two ways: a) it is possible that no holes are formed during the cleaving process e.g. due to plastic deformation (5); b) holes may arise during the cleaving process but remain undetected because of inadequate replication and microscope techniques.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Abeer Shaban Omar ◽  
Hany M. Hasanien ◽  
Ahmed Al-Durra ◽  
Walid H. Abd El-Hameed

Science Scope ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 038 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Vick
Keyword(s):  

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