Ten litres of tapwater were seeded with 200 µl (8×108 HAV particles) of a commercial (Organon Teknika) suspension of hepatitis A virus.
Following WALTER and RÜDIGER (1981), the contaminated tapwater was treated with a two-stage technique for concentration of viruses from solutions with low virus titers.
The two-stage technique consists of aluminium hydroxideflocculation (200 mg/l Al2(SO4)3. 18 H2O, pH 5,4-5,6) as first stage, the second stage of a lysis of aluminium hydroxidegel with citric acid/sodium citrate-buffer (pH 4,7; 1 ml/l sample), separation of viruses from the lysate by ultracentrifugation and suspension in 1 ml phosphate buffer solution (pH 7,2).
A commercial solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of HAV.
HAV was detecterl in the 10.000:1 concentrates, but not in the seeded 101 samples. Approximately 4×108 of the inoculated 8×108 HAV particles were found in the 1 ml concentrates.
The efficiency of detection is about 50%, the virus concentration 5000-fold. Although the percentage loss of HAV in comparison with concentration by means of membrane filtration is similar, the ultracentrifugation method yields a larger sample/concentrate ratio, so that smaller amounts of HAV can be detected more efficiently because of the smaller end-volume.
Correlation of microstructure with dynamic deformation behavior and penetration performance of tungsten heavy alloys fabricated by mechanical alloying