Heat Treatment of Gears

Author(s):  
A.K. Rakhit

Heat Treatment of Gears: A Practical Guide for Engineers describes the processes and procedures used to harden alloy steel gears and explains how to optimize benefits, such as improved fatigue life, while minimizing distortion and costs. The first few chapters familiarize readers with the basic concepts of heat treating and its effect on the composition, structure, and properties of iron-carbon alloys. The chapters that follow compare and contrast the heat treatments typically used for gears, including through hardening, induction hardening, carburizing, nitriding, and carbonitriding. Carburizing and nitriding are covered in much greater depth than the other methods because of their extensive use and the advantages they offer. As the book explains, carburizing produces gears with three to four times the torque density than that achieved by other methods, while nitriding causes the least amount of distortion. The book also addresses the disadvantages of each process and, using examples, presents various ways to get around them. It also discusses secondary operations, such as shot peening and finish grinding, and provides insights on material and process selection as well as gear design. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-694-2, follow this link.

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  

The influence of thermal and aerothermoacoustic treatments on the structure and mechanical properties of БрНХК bronze is considered. An increase in the strength and elasticity of the alloy is established by optimizing the thermal and aerothermoacoustic modes. The influence of the pre-aging treatment, the aging and aerothermoacoustic modes on the structure, the possibility of an additional increase in the mechanical properties of wire from БрНХК after aerothermoacoustic treatment are shown. Keywords: bronze, heat treatment, aerothermoacoustic treatment, microstructure, mechanical properties. [email protected]


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Bernard

Abstract Material science and thermodynamics are applied in heat treating to achieve mechanical performance in gears. The technique includes part design, fixturing, and process development. Different furnaces may offer unique advantages, like minimizing part distortion, while operating and maintenance costs vary greatly for hardening furnaces. The challenge is to understand which furnace type can most effectively process the gear design and material grade. Protective-atmosphere furnace solutions are well-suited for hardening of gears. The process techniques include gas or vacuum carburizing, carbonitriding, and neutral hardening in a carbon-based atmosphere or in a vacuum. This paper will discuss vacuum, controlled atmosphere, and hybrid furnace types highlighting available processes while sharing respective associated operation and maintenance costs. Batch integral quench (BIQ) furnaces will be the base case for comparison, as they comprise the largest installed base for gear heat treatment. While a discussion of when to consider continuous atmosphere furnace equipment by defining what is high production versus today’s BIQ furnace capacities for gear heat treatment.


2000 ◽  
pp. 17-19

Abstract This chapter introduces the fundamental considerations involved in heat treating of gears and the primary processes used, namely, through-hardening, carburizing and hardening, nitriding, carbonitriding, and induction hardening.


Alloy Digest ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  

Abstract CARMO is the prehardened version of CALMAX (see Alloy Digest TS-177, March 1966). It is particularly suitable for flame and induction hardening of large press work tooling where excessive distortion after heat treatment is likely and also for prototype or very short run tooling. Its good weld-ability means that minor weld repairs can be carried out in the press. CARMO/CALMAX can be supplied in various finishes including the hot-rolled, rough-machined, and fine-machined executions. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-597. Producer or source: Böhler Uddeholm N.A.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  

Abstract ALTEMP HX is an austenitic nickel-base alloy designed for outstanding oxidation and strength at high temperatures. The alloy is solid-solution strengthened. Applications include uses in the aerospace, heat treatment and petrochemical markets. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and creep. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-442. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.


Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  

Abstract CMW 100 is a copper alloy that combines high tensile strength with high electrical and thermal conductivity. It responds to age-hardening heat treatment. It is used for flash welding dies, springs, electrical components, high-strength backing material for brazed assemblies, and wire guides. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CU-29. Producer or source: CMW Inc. Originally published as Mallory 100, August 1955, revised October 2000.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  

Abstract CONDULOY is a low beryllium-copper alloy containing about 1.5% nickel. It responds to age-hardening heat treatment for improved mechanical properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-11. Producer or source: Brush Beryllium Company.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  

Abstract UNS No. A02060 is an aluminum-mold casting alloy that responds to an age-hardening heat treatment. It is recommended for applications that require a combination of high tensile properties and good machinability. Among its many uses are fuel pump bodies, aircraft fittings and seat frames for railway passenger cars. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-285. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  

Abstract ALMANITE W comprises a series of three types of austenitic-martensitic white irons characterized by high hardness and relatively good impact strength. Type W1 has a pearlitic matrix. Type W2 has a martensitic matrix, Type W4 is highly alloyed to provide an austenitic matrix in the as-cast condition which may be further modified to give a martensitic matrix by heat treatment or by refrigeration. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CI-42. Producer or source: Meehanite Metal Corporation.


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