INDICADORES QUALITATIVOS DO AMBIENTE EDÁFICO E SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE OCUPAÇÃO DA TERRA

O conceito de sustentabilidade tem levado a pesquisa agropecuária a uma crescente busca de modelos alternativos e sustentáveis para a agricultura, sendo as formas de uso e manejo do solo o ponto de partida determinante para a compreensão da dinâmica do ambiente edáfico e serviços ambientais dos agroecossistemas. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do ambiente edáfico e serviços ecossitêmicos em diferentes sistemas de ocupação da terra, através de indicadores ambientais qualitativos. Foram selecionados indicadores sustentáveis de diagnóstico participativo para avaliar quatro sistemas de ocupação da terra: pastagem, mandala agrícola, sistema agroflorestal (SAF) e mata nativa. O conjunto de dados dos indicadores do solo foi analisado por meio de uma Análise dos Componentes Principais (ACP). O sistema agroflorestal apresenta semelhanças na qualidade do ambiente edáfico e serviços ecossistêmicos quando comparado à área de mata nativa. Recomenda-se que práticas de manejo de conservação do solo sejam adotadas nos sistemas com maior intervenção antrópica, a exemplo da pastagem e mandala agrícola. Palavras-chave: indicadores ambientais; qualidade do solo; manejo; agroecossistemas. Qualitative indicators of the edaphic environment and ecosystem services in different land occupation systems ABSTRACT: The concept of sustainability has led agricultural research to a growing search for alternative and sustainable models for agriculture, with the forms of land use and management being the determining starting point for understanding the dynamics of the edaphic environment and environmental services of agroecosystems. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the quality of the edaphic environment and ecosystem services in different land occupation systems, through qualitative environmental indicators. Sustainable indicators of participatory diagnosis were selected to assess four land occupation systems: pasture, agricultural mandala, agroforestry system and native forest. The data set of the soil indicators was analyzed using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The agroforestry system has similarities in the quality of the edaphic environment and ecosystem services when compared to the native forest area. It is recommended that soil conservation management practices be adopted in systems with greater anthropic intervention, such as pasture and agricultural mandala. Keywords: environmental indicators; soil quality; management; agroecosystems.

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A BLUEPRINT FOR ELEMENTARY REPRESENTATIVE WATERSHED SPECIFICATION

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1802129s ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Haidreza SADEGHI1 ◽

Somayeh KAZEMI KIA ◽

Zeinab HAZBAVI ◽

Mahdi ERFANIAN ◽

Seyed Mohammad Sadegh MOVAHED

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

Selection Process ◽

Rainfall Erosivity ◽

Behavioral Indicators ◽

Best Management ◽

North East ◽

Golestan Province

Provision of ecosystem services is necessary for our quality of life. In this vein, itis critical to develop a baseline to monitor the ecosystem behavior usingmonitoring, mapping, and modeling indicators of landscape condition. Therepresentative watersheds (RWs) can therefore be considered as such decisionblueprint to implement the best management practices to conserve andconsequently improve ecosystem services. There are few researches for theselection of RWs. However, the comprehensive and of course applicablemethodologies still are lacked particularly in developing countries whereconcentration and proper directing of conservation measures are further neededowing to investments constraints. Therefore, in the present study, an intensivewatershed selection process was undertaken to identify RW across the Gharesoo-Gorgan River Basin (ca. 12987 km2), Golestan Province, Iran. This study aimed toadopt the Laize’s approach in Gharesoo-Gorgan Watershed for identifying therepresentative sub-watershed. Towards this, four GIS-based layers of elevation,slope, rainfall erosivity and land use were selected for sub-watershedscharacterization. The representative watershed index (RWI) was then calculatedand mapped using MATLAB 2016 and ArcGIS 10.3 softwares, respectively. TheRWI was calculated pixel wise for all nine individual sub-watersheds and the entirewatershed as reference area with the help of matrix combinations of four studylayers. Ultimately, RWIs obtained from 21.3 to 62.6 with mean of 44.94±14.49 andcoefficient of variation of 32.25% were used for sub-watershed prioritization.Accordingly, the sub-watershed 8 in north east with RWI of 56.8 was proposed asthe final RW for the whole Gharesoo-Gorgan Watershed. The results of the study ishelpful to be used by authorities for launching monitoring systems in the RW tocollect behavioral indicators leading to designation of reasonable ecoenvironmentalrestoration strategies.

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A FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING AND GUARDING THE RELEVANCE AND QUALITY OF SCIENCE: THE CASE OF THE CGIAR

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479703001510 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. H. KASSAM ◽

H. M. GREGERSEN ◽

E. FERERES ◽

E. Q. JAVIER ◽

R. R. HARWOOD ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Strategy Development ◽

Reform Process ◽

Primary Role ◽

Dynamic Feedback ◽

Efficient Manner ◽

Consultation Process ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Right

As part of the reform process of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), its Technical Advisory Committee is being transformed into a Science Council. An interim Science Council has been operating since January 2002. The primary role of the Council will be to enhance and guard the relevance and quality of science in the CGIAR System. Relevance is viewed as researching the ‘right things’ to address the System's goals, and deals with the relevance of identified research priorities and strategies and the nature of the planning and consultation process. Ex-ante analyses of need and potential impact to formulate the priorities and strategies are important elements in defining relevance. Quality is viewed as researching the ‘right things well’ and deals with the efficient use of state-of-the-art knowledge, research methods and protocols. The paper outlines the interim Council's suggestions for an operational framework of the Science Council. It serves as a starting point for the development of specific criteria, procedures and guidelines for carrying out the envisioned responsibilities. The Science Council must act in a strategic advisory role, basing its advice on: (i) planning and strategy development in the context of CGIAR goals; (ii) internal self-assessments by CGIAR Centres and Programmes and independent external monitoring and evaluation; and (iii) impact assessments. The paper discusses these three complementary functions. Each depends on the other in a dynamic feedback process that is essential if the CGIAR is to remain at the frontiers of science and development, maintain its science relevance and quality, and contribute in the most effective and efficient manner to the mission and goal of the Group.

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Assessment of soil quality for guided fertilization in 7 barley agro-ecological areas of China

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0261638 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0261638

Author(s):

Yu Zhou ◽

Yingcheng Fan ◽

Guang Lu ◽

Anyong Zhang ◽

Ting Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Management Practices ◽

Factor Loading ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Soil Quality Index ◽

Data Set ◽

Soil Quality Improvement ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Soil quality is the basis for the development of sustainable agriculture and may be used for evaluating the sustainability of soil management practices. Soil quality status and integrated soil quality index (SQI) in sampled 97 farmlands distributed in 7 barley agro-ecological areas of China were analyzed by using 13 soil chemical parameters. The results showed six principal components totally explained 72% variability for the 13 parameters and identified 9 parameters (includes pH, NH4+-N, NO3--N, available P, available K, exchangeable Mg, DTPA-Fe, DTPA-Cu and Cl-) with high factor loading values as the minimum data set (MDS) for assessing soil quality. Average soil quality of all farmlands is moderate (SQI = 0.62). The SQI of barley farmlands in 7 agro-ecological areas showed the following order: Inner Mongolia Plateau (0.75 ± 0.02) > Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau (0.72 ± 0.06) > Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (0.63 ± 0.08) > Yangtze Plain (0.62 ± 0.10) > Huanghuai Region (0.58 ± 0.09) > Northeast China Plain (0.56 ± 0.07) > Xinjiang Province (0.54 ± 0.07). Total 29 out of 97 farmlands in 7 areas have low SQI level (< 0.55). Hence, these farmlands require urgent attention for soil quality improvement through modification of the soil parameters in the MDS.

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Organic grain cropping systems to enhance ecosystem services

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170512000439 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 145-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Michel A. Cavigelli ◽

Steven B. Mirsky ◽

John R. Teasdale ◽

John T. Spargo ◽

John Doran

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Soil Erosion ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Animal Manure ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Animal Manures ◽

Organic Systems

AbstractOrganic grain cropping systems can enhance a number of ecosystem services compared with conventional tilled (CT) systems. Recent results from a limited number of long-term agricultural research (LTAR) studies suggest that organic grain cropping systems can also increase several ecosystem services relative to conventional no-till (NT) cropping systems: soil C sequestration and soil N fertility (N mineralization potential) can be greater while global warming potential (GWP) can be lower in organic systems that use animal manures and cover crops compared with conventional NT systems. However, soil erosion from organic systems and nitrous oxide (N2O, a greenhouse gas) emissions from manure-based organic systems appear to be greater than from conventional NT systems, though data are limited. Also, crop yields, on average, continue to be lower and labor requirements greater in organic than in both tilled and NT conventional systems. Ecosystem services provided by organic systems may be improved by expanding crop rotations to include greater crop phenological diversity, improving nutrient management, and reducing tillage intensity and frequency. More diverse crop rotations, especially those that include perennial forages, can reduce weed pressure, economic risk, soil erosion, N2O emissions, animal manure inputs, and soil P loading, while increasing grain yield and soil fertility. Side-dressing animal manures in organic systems may increase corn nitrogen use efficiency and also minimize animal manure inputs. Management practices that reduce tillage frequency and intensity in organic systems are being developed to reduce soil erosion and labor and energy needs. On-going research promises to further augment ecosystem services provided by organic grain cropping systems.

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Management of grazing systems

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1989.50.1863 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 117-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Hodgson

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Management Control ◽

Grazing Management ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Pastoral Systems ◽

Starting Point ◽

Alternative Means ◽

Grazing Systems ◽

Stocking Rates

Recent assessments of the relative importance of stocking rate. stocking policy and grazing management on the output from pastoral systems are used as a starting point to argue the need for objective pasture assessments to aid control of livestock enterprises to meet production targets. Variations in stocking rates, stocking policy and other management practices all provide alternative means of control of pasture conditions which are the major determinants of pasture and animal performance. Understanding of the influence of pasture conditions on systems performance should provide a better basis for management control and for Communication between farmers, extension officers and researchers. Keywords: Stocking rate, pasture condition, pasture cover

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Productive role of agroforestry system in context of ecosystem services in district Dir lower, Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Botany ◽

10.30848/pjb2020-4(21) ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Hayat ◽

Tianshan Zha ◽

Syed Moazzam Nizami ◽

Saeed Gulzar ◽

Alamgir Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Productive Role

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EFFECTIVENESS OF DOSING APPLICATION OF BENATAL GROUP HERBICIDES IN SUGAR BEET SOWING

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/3/49-51 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 49-51

Author(s):

V. Z. Venevtsev ◽

М. N. Zakharova ◽

L. V. Rozhkova

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Humus Content ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Experimental Plot ◽

Agricultural Research Institute ◽

Row Crops ◽

Sugar Beet Variety ◽

Sowing Machine

Ryazan region annually receives stable yields of sugar beet roots 40 t/ha. Further growth of yields depends on balanced nutrition of plants cultivated hybrids, from the quality of the soil and of the phytosanitary State of sowing culture. Weed vegetation in wider spaced row crops of sugar beet in the initial periods of vegetation is high competition culture. The article presents the results of three studies on the effectiveness of the herbicide betanalnoj group, used to reduce contamination of sowing culture annual dicotyledonous weeds and increase the harvest of sugar beet roots. Studies conducted on experimental fields ISSA-branch FGBNU FNAC WIM (former AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE in Ryazan). Soil: dark grey forest tjazhelosuglinistaja, humus content 4.0%, potassium and phosphorus-high pH is 5.8. Area of cultivated plots 50 m2, repetition, four sugar beet variety-Ocean. The predecessor-winter wheat. Under the autumn ploughing had made NPK120 under presowing cultivation-N60, SEV conducted seeder sowing machine. For crop protection herbicides were tested annually of sugar beet Betanal progress, UF-1.0 l/HA, Forte di Belvedere-1.0 l/HA, Betanal Max Pro-1.5 l/HA, Bajrang engineering works Super-1.5 l/HA, once applied to weeds. The harvest of sugar beet roots, take into account the square 10 m2 in 4-times repeated with each experimental plot by weighing machinery, processed data by ANOVA. The research found that studied herbicides efficiently at 87-92%, reduced infestation annual dicotyledonous weeds and increase the harvest of sugar beet roots to 29.9-44.1%

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Serviços ecossistêmicos prestados por recifes de coral nas ilhas de Tinharé e Boipeba, Baixo Sul da Bahia, Brasil

10.31237/osf.io/za7c9 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Carla Isobel Elliff

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Current Model ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Environmental Indicators ◽

Management Actions ◽

Shoreline Protection ◽

Fringing Reefs ◽

Integrated Valuation ◽

Reef Decline

Coral reefs provide important ecosystem services to coastal communities. The Archipelago of Tinhar?e andBoipeba, Bahia, Brazil, are mostly surrounded by fringing reefs, which have undergone several chronichuman impacts. The objective of the present study was to apply an ecosystem-based approach byanalyzing the ecosystem services provided by the coral reefs of the Archipelago of Tinhar?e and Boipeba inorder to support management actions and serve as a tool for coastal management. Ecosystem serviceswere assessed through the observation of environmental indicators of their occurrence and by using asuite of models from the Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) softwarecombined with data from the Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) protocol database. Theservices of greatest occurrence were food provision, habitat maintenance, shoreline protection andrecreation. While the main stressful factors were tourism activities, the absence of a sewage system andfisheries. The coral reefs presented potential for shoreline protection along 50.5% of the islands. Moreover,46.8% of the shoreline would present moderate to high vulnerability in case of coral reef disappearance.The coincidence of areas with high risk of loss in the capacity to provide services and highvulnerability in the scenario of absence of reefs is concerning. Thus, the current model for tourism usedin the area should be altered, as should new management strategies be implemented, which can bringbenefits and avoid reef decline.

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