scholarly journals Review of the self-incompatibility in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh., syn.: Malus pumila Mill.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hegedűs
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Malus X Domestica ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Malus X Domestica Borkh ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Malus Pumila Mill ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Labelling System

Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is one of the most important fruit crops showing ribonuclease-mediated self-incompatibility, and no self-compatible apple cultivars are known. Twenty-nine S-alleles were identified in apple and many more incompatibility groups are present compared to sweet cherry. Results from a Belgian, English and a Japanese research group are combined and the S-genotypes of the most important world cultivars are collected. Two different allele labelling system are reconciled and detection methods used in case of the specific alleles are shown. Effects of the resistance breeding programmes are discussed; and scientific efforts involving transgenic technology to create self-compatible genotypes are shown. This review covers the most interesting issues regarding self-incompatibility in apple.

BREEDING LOW-CHILL REQUIRING APPLE CULTIVARS (Malus x domestica BORKH.) IN SOUTH AFRICA

2000 ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.F. Labuschagné ◽  
K. Schmidt ◽  
J.H. Louw ◽  
A. Sadie
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Malus X Domestica ◽  
Malus X Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Cultivars

scholarly journals Analysis of Phenolic Components and Related Biological Activities of 35 Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) Cultivars

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4153
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Tailin Zhu ◽  
Sijia Yang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Malus Pumila Mill ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Peel Extract

Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) is a popular fruit with high economic values and various biological activities that are beneficial to human health. In this study, 35 apple cultivars were collected and were evaluated for their basic quality indexes, phenolic compositions, antioxidant activity, anti-tumour, and anti-diabetic activities. The compositions of phenolics were detected by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) assays. The antioxidant activities of peel and pulp extracts from 35 apple cultivars were evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Results showed that the contents of phenolic acids and proanthocyanidins showed significant correlations with the antioxidant activities. Phenolic-rich extracts significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation, with the inhibition activity varied significantly between cultivars. ‘Gold Delicious’ pulp extract, ‘Xiboliyabaidian’ peel and pulp extracts showed protective effects on H2O2-induced injury of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). ‘Red Fuji’ peel extract, ‘Xiboliyabaidian’ peel and pulp extracts, as well as ‘Gold Delicious’ peel extract, significantly increased glucose consumption of HepG2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. This research may provide theoretical guidance for further nutritional investigation of the apple resources.

A 10-YEAR TRIAL OF SEVEN APPLE CULTIVARS ON MALLING 26 ROOTSTOCK

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. A. PROCTOR ◽  
W. F. PIERCE ◽  
A. HUTCHINSON
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Malus Pumila Mill ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crop Area

Cumulative yield per tree for seven apple (Malus pumila Mill.) cultivars on Mailing 26 (M.26) grown on sandy loam showed that Spartan, Idared, Mutsu, Red Delicious and McIntosh had similar cropping ability. Crops on Northern Spy and Tydeman’s Red were light. Tree height ranged from 2.8 to 3.7 m and tree spread from 3.1 to 4.1 m. The mean relative cropping efficiency to the 10th yr (total crop ÷ area of trunk cross-section) was of the order Spartan > Idared > McIntosh > Tydeman’s Red > Mutsu > Red Delicious > Northern Spy. Fruit on Mutsu and Northern Spy were larger than on the other cultivars.

Study of Biodiversity for Fruit Valorization: the example of Ancient Apple Cultivars (Malus x domestica Borkh.) from Tuscany (Italy)

2010 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 311-312
Author(s):  
P. Iacopini ◽  
T. Bracci ◽  
F. Camangi ◽  
F. Martinelli ◽  
M. Busconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus X Domestica ◽  
Malus X Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Cultivars

scholarly journals Patulin in Apples and Apple-Based Food Products: The Burdens and the Mitigation Strategies

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhong ◽  
Jason Carere ◽  
Zhaoxin Lu ◽  
Fengxia Lu ◽  
Ting Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Apple Products

Apples and apple-based products are among the most popular foods around the world for their delightful flavors and health benefits. However, the commonly found mold, Penicillium expansum invades wounded apples, causing the blue mold decay and ensuing the production of patulin, a mycotoxin that negatively affects human health. Patulin contamination in apple products has been a worldwide problem without a satisfactory solution yet. A comprehensive understanding of the factors and challenges associated with patulin accumulation in apples is essential for finding such a solution. This review will discuss the effects of the pathogenicity of Penicillium species, quality traits of apple cultivars, and environmental conditions on the severity of apple blue mold and patulin contamination. Moreover, beyond the complicated interactions of the three aforementioned factors, patulin control is also challenged by the lack of reliable detection methods in food matrices, as well as unclear degradation mechanisms and limited knowledge about the toxicities of the metabolites resulting from the degradations. As apple-based products are mainly produced with stored apples, pre- and post-harvest strategies are equally important for patulin mitigation. Before storage, disease-resistance breeding, orchard-management, and elicitor(s) application help control the patulin level by improving the storage qualities of apples and lowering fruit rot severity. From storage to processing, patulin mitigation strategies could benefit from the optimization of apple storage conditions, the elimination of rotten apples, and the safe and effective detoxification or biodegradation of patulin.

scholarly journals Testing of self-(in)compatibility in apricot cultivars from European breeding programmes

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Milatović ◽  
D. Nikolić ◽  
B. Krška
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Self-(in)compatibility was tested in 40 new apricot cultivars from European breeding programmes. Pollen-tube growth in pistils from laboratory pollinations was analysed using the fluorescence microscopy. Cultivars were considered self-compatible if at least one pollen tube reached the ovary in the majority of pistils. Cultivars were considered self- incompatible if the growth of pollen tubes in the style stopped along with formation of characteristic swellings. Of the examined cultivars, 18 were self-compatible and 22 were self-incompatible. Fluorescence microscopy provides a relatively rapid and reliable method to determine self-incompatibility in apricot cultivars.      

Sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode in indigenous chickpea germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohar Singh ◽  
Z. Khan ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
M. Dutta ◽  
Anju Pathania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Chickpea Wilt ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Schlecht. emend. Snyd. & Hans. f. sp. ciceri is prevalent in most chickpea-growing countries and is a major devastating disease. Host plant resistance is the most practical method of disease management. Indigenous chickpea germplasm reveals a heterogeneous genetic make-up and the response of resistance to wilt is an unexplored potential source for disease resistance. There are 70 indigenous germplasm lines selected on the basis of their agronomic performance and diverse areas of collections in the country. Of these, four accessions had a highly resistant score of 1 and six had a score of 3 using a 1–9 rating scale, indicating their level of resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 4). Other germplasm accessions of chickpea were found to be moderately resistant to highly susceptible disease reaction. Likewise, the same set of germplasm was also screened for Meloidogyne incognita (race 1) using pot culture under controlled condition. Only one accession was found to be resistant to this pest. These resistant gene sources can be utilised effectively for race-specific chickpea wilt and root-knot resistance breeding programmes.

Pollen grain germination inside the anthers of two chasmogamous angiosperms: Almond (Prunus amygdalus L. Batsch) and apple (Malus pumila Mill.)

Euphytica ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Koul ◽  
Amarjeet Singh ◽  
Ranbir Singh ◽  
B. A. Wafai
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Pollen Grain Germination ◽  
Malus Pumila Mill
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