scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTIC OF MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN THE DESTRUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
A.I. Eskova ◽  
◽  
A.L. Ponomareva ◽  
A.A. Legkodimov ◽  
R.B. Shakirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Fields ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Denitrifying Microorganisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deep Sediments ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The review is devoted to the biodiversity of microorganisms capable of degrading oil hydrocarbons in sea deep sediments and their relationship with the accompanying microbiota, which includes sulfate-reducing and denitrifying prokaryotes. Particular attention is paid to the biodiversity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, in particular thermo- and hyperthermophilic bacteria, in the areas of oil fields. Sulfate-reducing microorganisms are widespread in them. Some of them are capable not only of sulfate reduction, but also of hydrocarbon oxidation. Such microorganisms were generally classified in the Deltaproteobacterium class. The relationship between the number of oil-oxidizing and denitrifying microorganisms is most often presented in areas with a high anthropogenic load and in the coastal zone. Possible mechanisms of anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons and the coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in a single community are briefly considered.

scholarly journals Helarchaeota and co-occurring sulfate-reducing bacteria in subseafloor sediments from the Costa Rica Margin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Jennifer F. Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emission ◽  
Costa Rica Margin ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Electron Transfers ◽  
Deep Sediments

AbstractDeep sediments host many archaeal lineages, including the Asgard superphylum which contains lineages predicted to require syntrophic partnerships. Our knowledge about sedimentary archaeal diversity and their metabolic pathways and syntrophic partners is still very limited. We present here new genomes of Helarchaeota and the co-occurring sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) recovered from organic-rich sediments off Costa Rica Margin. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three new metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliating with Helarchaeota, each of which has three variants of the methyl-CoM reductase-like (MCR-like) complex that may enable them to oxidize short-chain alkanes anaerobically. These Helarchaeota have no multi-heme cytochromes but have Group 3b and Group 3c [NiFe] hydrogenases, and formate dehydrogenase, and therefore have the capacity to transfer the reducing equivalents (in the forms of hydrogen and formate) generated from alkane oxidation to external partners. We also recovered five MAGs of SRB affiliated with the class of Desulfobacteria, two of which showed relative abundances (represented by genome coverages) positively correlated with those of the three Helarchaeota. Genome analysis suggested that these SRB bacteria have the capacity of H2 and formate utilization and could facilitate electron transfers from other organisms by means of these reduced substances. Their co-occurrence and metabolic features suggest that Helarchaeota may metabolize synergistically with some SRB, and together exert an important influence on the carbon cycle by mitigating the hydrocarbon emission from sediments to the overlying ocean.

scholarly journals Pseudodesulfovibrio Alkaliphilus, Sp. Nov., An Alkaliphilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Isolated From a Terrestrial Mud Volcano

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Frolova ◽  
Alexander Y. Merkel ◽  
Alexandra A. Kuchierskaya ◽  
Elizaveta A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya ◽  
Alexander I. Slobodkin
Keyword(s):  
Major Product ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Lactate Oxidation ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Lactate Fermentation ◽  
Bacterium Strain ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Alkaliphilic Bacterium

Abstract The diversity of anaerobic microorganisms in terrestrial mud volcanoes is largely unexplored. Here we report the isolation of a novel sulfate-reducing alkaliphilic bacterium (strain F-1T) from a terrestrial mud volcano located at the Taman peninsula, Russia. Cells of strain F-1T were Gram- -negative motile vibrios with a single polar flagellum; 2.0–4.0 µm in length and 0.5 µm in diameter. The temperature range for growth was 6–37°C, with an optimum at 24°C. The pH range for growth was 7.0–10.5, with an optimum at pH 9.5. Strain F-1T utilized lactate, pyruvate, and molecular hydrogen as electron donors and sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, fumarate or arsenate as electron acceptors. In the presence of sulfate the end products of lactate oxidation were acetate, H2S and CO2. Lactate and pyruvate could also be fermented. The major product of lactate fermentation was acetate. The main cellular fatty acids were anteiso-С15:0, С16:0, С18:0, and iso-С17:1ω8. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain F-1T was most closely related to Pseudodesulfovibrio aespoeensis (98.05% similarity). The total size of the genome of the novel isolate was 3.23Mb and the genomic DNA G + C content was 61.93 mol%. The genome contained all genes essential for dissimilatoty sulfate reduction. We propose to assign strain F-1T to the genus Pseudodesulfovibrio, as a new species, Pseudodesulfovibrio alkaliphilus sp. nov. The type strain is F-1T (= KCTC 15918T = VKM B-3405T).

Vaginal microbiomes in women with infertility that was surgical treatment on the uterine appendages

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
A.E. Dubchak ◽  
◽  
A.V. Milevsky ◽  
N.N. Obeid ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Vaginal Tract ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Group 1

The objective: of the study was to study the microbial vaginal tract in women with infertility, who had undergone surgical treatment on the uterine appendages. Materials and methods. An examination of vaginal discharge on flora and STIs was conducted in 120 women of reproductive age with infertility and benign ovarian formations, ectopic pregnancy, which was organ-retained surgical intervention on the appendages of the uterus. Of these, 76 (1 group) patients were surgically treated in a planned manner, 44 (in 2 groups) – in urgent cases. Results. Inflammatory diseases of the genital area were more common in women with infertility, who had surgical treatment in an urgent manner than in women of group 1 (p<0.05), especially inflammatory diseases of the cervix – almost twice as likely as in group 1. The vaginal microbial examination of women with infertility who were hospitalized for surgical treatment in an urgent manner indicates a significant imbalance between the parameters of contamination of the genital tract by conditionally pathogenic and normal microflora. This, above all, was manifested by the high frequency of determination in women of the 2nd group of representatives of optional aerobes and anaerobes (p<0.05). The concentration of facultative-aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms was in patients of the 2nd group, mostly of high degree of microbial dissemination, and in women of the 1 group, medium and low. STIs were found mainly in association with anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms in patients who were operated in an urgent manner. Conclusion. It is necessary to correct the vaginal biotope in women with infertility before surgical treatment – to promptly influence pathogenic microorganisms with antimicrobial agents and restore physiological vaginal microbial vagina. Key words: women, infertility, vaginal microbial, appendages of the uterus, surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Variability in Arsenic Methylation Efficiency across Aerobic and Anaerobic Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (22) ◽  
pp. 14343-14351
Author(s):  
Karen Viacava ◽  
Karin Lederballe Meibom ◽  
David Ortega ◽  
Shannon Dyer ◽  
Arnaud Gelb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Arsenic Methylation ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Organic Acids and Anaerobic Microorganisms in the Contents of the Cholesteatoma SAC

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Iino ◽  
Tomonori Takasaka ◽  
Etsuro Hoshino ◽  
Yutaka Kaneko ◽  
Sachiko Tomioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Clostridium Species ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

Organic acids in the contents of the cholesteatoma sac from 28 cases were studied by gas chromatographic technique. Five volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate and isovalerate) and lactate were detected in large amounts, which may lower the pH of the cholesteatoma content. These acids were considered to be derived from products of anaerobic microorganisms. Therefore, the contents from 12 cases were cultured anaerobically in a glove box. Obligate microorganisms were identified in 92% of the cases and Peptococcus, Bacteroides, and Clostridium species were frequently isolated. In vitro, such obligate anaerobes produced various organic acids from the cholesteatoma content. Facultatives such as Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis produced acetate in the content under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, whereas no organic acid was produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Organic acids in the cholesteatoma content could be fermentative products made by the microorganisms, anaerobes and facultatives, which use the content as a substrate for acid production.

The Economics of Old Field Oil Supply

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Richard D. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Crude Oil Price ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Price Controls ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Production Losses

Most additions to proved reserves of crude oil in the United States are associated with reserve revisions and reservoir extensions, which derive exclusively from the continuing development of known oil fields. This paper reviews the major activities pursued by oil field operators that determine the level of production from those fields. Reported reserve additions reflect the consequencies of these activities for the productive capability of old fields and, thus, should be expected to be related to the costs and benefits of investing in such activities. A simple econometric, analysis is presented that demonstrates the influence of oil prices, lifting costs, taxes, and crude oil price controls on reported reserve revisions and extensions for the United States for the period 1970–1986. The strength of the relationship evaluated is particularly striking in light of the year-to-year variability of revisions data noted in other studies. Based on the economic perspective of reserve additions outlined here, U.S. reserves data for 1986 are used to provide a look at the activities that may thus be presumed to have led to the production losses recorded in that watershed year.

scholarly journals Aspects of Bioavailability of Mercury for Methylation in Pure Cultures of Desulfobulbus propionicus (1pr3)

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Benoit ◽  
C. C. Gilmour ◽  
R. P. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Desulfobulbus Propionicus ◽  
Methylation Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Phase Culture ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Culture Growth ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT We have previously hypothesized that sulfide inhibits Hg methylation by decreasing its bioavailability to sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), the important methylators of Hg in natural sediments. With a view to designing a bioassay to test this hypothesis, we investigated a number of aspects of Hg methylation by the SRBDesulfobulbus propionicus, including (i) the relationship between cell density and methylmercury (MeHg) production, (ii) the time course of Hg methylation relative to growth stage, (iii) changes in the bioavailability of an added inorganic Hg (HgI) spike over time, and (iv) the dependence of methylation on the concentration of dissolved HgI present in the culture. We then tested the effect of sulfide on MeHg production by this microorganism. These experiments demonstrated that under conditions of equal bioavailability, per-cell MeHg production was constant through log-phase culture growth. However, the methylation rate of a new Hg spike dramatically decreased after the first 5 h. This result was seen whether methylation rate was expressed as a fraction of the total added Hg or the filtered HgI concentration, which suggests that Hg bioavailability decreased through both changes in Hg complexation and formation of solid phases. At low sulfide concentration, MeHg production was linearly related to the concentration of filtered HgI. The methylation of filtered HgI decreased about fourfold as sulfide concentration was increased from 10−6 to 10−3 M. This decline is consistent with a decrease in the bioavailability of HgI, possibly due to a decline in the dissolved neutral complex, HgS0.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the HB&L System for the Microbiological Screening of Storage Medium for Organ-Cultured Corneas

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Camposampiero ◽  
S. Grandesso ◽  
E. Zanetti ◽  
S. Mazzucato ◽  
M. Solinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Human Donor ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
L System ◽  
Microbiological Control ◽  
Corneal Storage ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Donor Corneas

Aims. To compare HB&L and BACTEC systems for detecting the microorganisms contaminating the corneal storage liquid preserved at 31°C.Methods. Human donor corneas were stored at 4°C followed by preservation at 31°C. Samples of the storage medium were inoculated in BACTEC Peds Plus/F (aerobic microorganisms), BACTEC Plus Anaerobic/F (anaerobic microorganisms), and HB&L bottles. The tests were performed (a) after six days of storage, (b) end of storage, and (c) after 24 hours of preservation in deturgescent liquid sequentially. 10,655 storage and deturgescent media samples were subjected to microbiological control using BACTEC (6-day incubation) and HB&L (24-hour incubation) systems simultaneously. BACTEC positive/negative refers to both/either aerobic and anaerobic positives/negatives, whereas HB&L can only detect the aerobic microbes, and therefore the positives/negatives depend on the presence/absence of aerobic microorganisms.Results. 147 (1.38%) samples were identified positive with at least one of the two methods. 127 samples (134 identified microorganisms) were positive with both HB&L and BACTEC. 14 HB&L+/BACTEC− and 6 BACTEC+/HB&L− were identified. Sensitivity (95.5%), specificity (99.8%), and positive (90.1%) and negative predictive values (99.9%) were high with HB&L considering a 3.5% annual contamination rate.Conclusion. HB&L is a rapid system for detecting microorganisms in corneal storage medium in addition to the existing methods.

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