A Comparison of Methods of Evaluating Resistance to Cylindrocladium crotalariae in Peanut Field Tests1

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Green ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Three methods presently used to evaluate disease resistance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) were compared to identify the most efficient method to screen peanut lines in field tests. Forty randomly selected F2 families in the F5 generation from a cross of the CBR-resistant source NC 3033 with NC 6 and the two parents were evaluated for percent dead and diseased plants, root rot index and microsclerotia/g of root. Significant differences were detected between the parents (p = 0.05) and among segregates (familes) (p = 0.01) for percent dead and diseased plants only. Error components exceeded the mean square values for differences among segregates for the root rot index and microsclerotia/g of root resulting in no significant differences among entries for these traits and low to no correlations among traits. Percent dead and diseased plants was concluded to be the best of the three methods for screening peanut lines in the field for CBR resistance.

Partial resistance of Southern Runner, Arachis hypogaea, to stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
A. S. Csinos
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disease Loci

Abstract The susceptibility of 16 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (eight Virginia and eight runner types) to southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) was evaluated in field tests over three years. Mean disease incidence for all cultivars was 10.0, 15.4 and 16.4 disease loci per 12.2 m row and average yields were 3488, 2826 and 3569 kg/ha in 1986, 1987 and 1988, respectively. Disease incidence averaged 14.3 disease loci per 12.2 m of row for both market types. The mean yield for the eight Virginia types was 3287 kg/ha versus 3214 for the eight runner types. Culitvars within market types varied significantly in disease incidence and pod yield. Of the Virginia types, NC 6 and Florigiant were the most susceptible with NC 9, VA 81B and Early Bunch being the most resistant. Incidence of stem rot in runner cultivars was high except for Southern Runner and Langley which had about 50% less disease than the most susceptible entries. There was a highly significant correlation (P≤0.01) between yields and disease incidence all three years. Overall, Southern Runner had the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield of any cultivar. Compared to Florunner, the current industry standard for runner types, Southern Runner had about 50% less disease and yields were 1346 kg/ha higher.

scholarly journals Web Blotch Resistance in Arachis hypogaea1

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Smith ◽  
D. H. Smith ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Small Plot

Abstract Seventeen genotypes of peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., consisting of Spanish, Runner, and Virginia market types were evaluated for resistance to web blotch caused by Phoma arachidicola Marasas, Pauer and Boerema in small plot field tests. Disease ratings were obtained by determining percentages of infected attached leaflets and abscinded leaflets. Marked differences in disease resistance were observed, and three levels of susceptibility were evident. Entries of the Virginia and Runner market types were generally more resistant to web blotch than the Spanish. Definitive yield and grade effects were not discernible, but indications were that yield and kernel size were affected.

Potential for Improved Control of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut with Resistance and Fungicides1

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Shew ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Disease Loci ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Abstract Potential for improved control of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was evaluated by combining moderate resistance with fungicide use. Various fungicides including carboxin, oxycarboxin, propiconazol, OAC 3890, and PCNB were applied to peanut lines NC 8C, NC Ac 18016, and Florigiant in North Carolina during 1980, 1981, and 1982. Consistently fewer disease loci occurred on NC Ac 18016 than on NC 8C or Florigiant. At least one fungicide reduced stem rot incidence in two of three years tested, but fungicide use did not result in greater yields. Effects of disease resistance and fungicides on suppression of stem rot development were additive.

scholarly journals Genetic imprints of domestication for disease resistance, oil quality, and yield component traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Khera ◽  
Manish K. Pandey ◽  
Nalini Mallikarjuna ◽  
Manda Sriswathi ◽  
Manish Roorkiwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Yield Component Traits

Screening for Resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Coffelt ◽  
K. H. Garren
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Screening For Resistance ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Root Resistance ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), caused by Calonectria crotalariae (Loos) Bell & Sobers (Cylindrocladium crotalariae (Loos) Bell & Sobers), is potentially one of the most serious peanut diseases in Virginia. Over 60 peanut lines at multiple locations and 140 peanut lines at a single location were screened in the field for resistance to CBR from 1973–1977 in Virginia and North Carolina. Susceptibility to CBR was determined by number of dead plants per plot in 1973 and by percent dead plants per plot in 1974–1977. In addition, in 1974, 1975 and 1977, visual estimates of CBR damage to roots and pods were made. Florigiant, Spancross, VGP 1 and/or NC 3033 were used as checks to determine relative susceptiability. Results generally indicate that spanish-type peanuts are the most resistant to CBR, valencia-type peanuts the least resistant and Virginia-type peanuts intermediate. Florigiant was consistently one of the most susceptible genotypes, while NC 3033, Spancross and VGP 1 were among the most resistant. Four valencia-type peanuts, 22 virginia-type peanuts, 28 spanish-type peanuts, one segregating line, and one wild species (A. monticola), with resistance equal to or better than Spancross, NC 3033 and/or VGP 1 were identified. Pod and root damage scores generally corresponded with percent diseased plants. However, differences were observed, indicating separate genetic mechanisms may control pod and root resistance to CBR. The significances of variability among sister lines and locations are discussed.

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