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Author(s):  
P. Jagan Mohan Rao ◽  
N. Sandhyakishore ◽  
S. Sandeep ◽  
G. Neelima ◽  
A. Saritha ◽  
...  

Background: The genotype × environment interaction greatly influences the success of breeding and in multi-location trials complicates the identification of superior genotypes for a single location, due to magnitude of genotype by location interaction are often greater than genotype by year interaction. This necessitates genotype evaluation in multi environments trials in the advanced stages of selection. Methods: Nine elite pigeonpea genotypes of mid-early duration were evaluated in six diverse locations in randomized complete block design with three replications during kharif, 2019 to ascertain the stable genotypes, environments discrimination and genotype by environment crossovers using AMMI and GGE biplot stability models. Result: The results in the present investigation revealed that first two principal components explained 73.4% of variation interaction, while, 80.50% in GGE biplot. Both the models identified WRGE-126 (G6) as stable performer with high yield (1733 kg ha-1) and among the locations Tandur (E1) measured as the ideal environment. Whereas, the environments, Adilabad (E3) and Warangal (E4) were observed representative with better discriminating ability.


Author(s):  
N. M. Smilyanets ◽  
I. M. Svitylko

A screening of 50 institutions (botanical gardens, arboretums, parks, squares) was conducted with a view to study of species composition and the distribution of genus Liquidambar L. (ALTINGIACEAE) in Ukrainia. L. styraci- flua L. was recorded — in 26 botanical gardens, parks, squares etc; L. formosana Hanse — in 2 botanical gardens; decorative forms L. styraciflua 'Variegata pendula' — in one arboretum; L. styraciflua 'Worplesdon'; — in landscaping of the city park; L. styracifluа ‘Pasquali’ — in landscaping of the city park. Distribution of the species L. orientalis Mill. and L. acalicina Hang N. Chang need more research. Positive experience of using representatives Liquidambar genus registered in the following regions of Ukraine: Zakarpattia, Ternopil, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, Cherkasy, Chernivtsi, Kharkiv, Donetsk areas, Autonomous Republic Crimea. So, it is perspective using representatives of the Liquidambar genus in landscape construction for group creations, single location іn parks, squares, zoos, forest parks, for landscaping streets, boulevards, squares, near houses territories, administrative buildings, private gardens, in exposition of botanical gardens and arboretums.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Haruka Harrison ◽  
sam ling ◽  
Joshua J. Foster

Covert spatial attention allows us to prioritize processing at relevant locations. There is substantial evidence that perception is poorer when attention is distributed across multiple locations than when attention is focused on a single location. However, recent work suggests that may not always be the case: divided attention does not appear to impair detection of simple visual features that are represented in primary visual cortex. Here, we re-examined this possibility. In two experiments, observers detected a simple target (a vertical Gabor), and we manipulated whether attention was focused at one location (focal-cue condition) or distributed across two locations (distributed-cue condition). In Experiment 1, targets could appear independently at each location. Thus, observers needed to judge target presence for each location separately in the distributed-cue condition. Under these conditions, we found a robust cost of dividing attention. In this experiment, the cost of dividing attention could reflect either a limit in perceptual processing or a limit in decision making. Therefore, in Experiment 2, we simplified the task to more directly test whether dividing attention impairs perceptual processing of the target. Specifically, only one target could appear on each trial, such that observers made the exact same decision in both conditions (“was a target present?”). Here, we found a marginal cost of dividing attention on performance, that was weaker than the cost in Experiment 1. Together, our results suggest that divided attention does impair detection of simple visual features, but that this cost is primarily due to limits in post-perceptual decision making.


Author(s):  
Hannah Northrup ◽  
Maheshika Somarathna ◽  
Savanna Corless ◽  
Isabelle Falzon ◽  
John Totenhagen ◽  
...  

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is essential for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis, but treatment for AVF maturation failure remains an unmet clinical need. Successful AVF remodeling occurs through sufficient lumen expansion to increase AVF blood flow and lumen area. Aberrant blood flow is thought to impair AVF remodeling, but previous literature has largely focused on hemodynamics averaged over the entire AVF or at a single location. We hypothesized that hemodynamics is heterogeneous, and thus any treatment’s effect size is heterogeneous in the AVF. To test our hypothesis, we used the PDE5A inhibitor sildenafil to treat AVFs in a rat model and performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to generate a detailed spatial profile of hemodynamics in AVFs. 90 mg/kg of sildenafil was administered to rats in their drinking water for 14 days. On day 14 femoral AVFs were created in rats and sildenafil treatment continued for another 21 days. 21 days post-AVF creation, rats underwent non-contrast MRI for CFD and geometrical analysis. Lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) and flow rate were used to quantify AVF remodeling. Parameters used to describe aberrant blood flow include velocity magnitude, wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and vorticity. Geometrical parameters include arterial-venous (A-V) distance, anastomosis angle, tortuosity, and nonplanarity angle magnitude. When averaged across the entire AVF, sildenafil treated rats had significantly higher CSA, flow rate, velocity, WSS, OSI, and vorticity than control rats. To analyze heterogeneity, the vein was separated into zones: 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–20 mm from the anastomosis. In both groups: 1) CSA increased from the 0–5 to 15–20 zone; 2) velocity, WSS, and vorticity were highest in the 0–5 zone and dropped significantly thereafter; and 3) OSI increased at the 5–10 zone and then decreased gradually. Thus, the effect size of sildenafil on AVF remodeling and the relationship between hemodynamics and AVF remodeling depend on location. There was no significant difference between control and sildenafil groups for the other geometric parameters. Rats tolerated sildenafil treatment well, and our results suggest that sildenafil may be a safe and effective therapy for AVF maturation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Marilyn Gugliucci ◽  
Pamela Saunders ◽  
Erin Washington

Abstract Virtual reality (VR) has long been standard in healthcare education. Recent advances in VR hardware and software applications have coalesced to allow for higher fidelity, more highly realistic simulations that are also deployable at scale — not just in highly specialized, single location simulation labs. In tandem, there has been an examination in both the corporate and academic sectors around the efficacy of VR training and learning. While VR has been long proven to be effective in training students and workers in hard skills, its lack of realism has been a barrier to explore efficacy in simulations related to soft skills and emotional intelligence. This symposium will discuss the implementation of virtual reality “labs”, where learners embody in a live 360 film environment the first-person point of view of an older adult — interacting with gaze, voice, and natural hand motions – into four university’s medical and nursing curriculum. Lab outcomes include decreased ageism and stereotyping, and increased empathy, sensitivity, cultural competency, and disease knowledge. The first paper reports outcomes of increased understanding, comfort, compassion and empathy of students and informal caregivers after experiencing various labs. The second discusses comparative data on knowledge and attitudes of medical students experiencing the virtual labs individually vs. the group distance mode. The third reports the results of an initial study on how embodying an older adult with sensory impairment affects participant empathy using a standardized scale. The fourth discusses how one university transitioned to delivering immersive labs to nursing students remotely during COVID19.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Ansell

<p>Current research on marine cryptic species, through the use of molecular tools, is revealing unexpected diversity and relationships [...]. A number of cryptic filamentous Bangiales have been recorded from Wellington, New Zealand; all morphologically indistinguishable and all apparently occupying the same niche within the upper inter-tidal. Researchers have reported finding more than one member of the filamentous Bangiales coexisting at a single location in Wellington’s inner harbour (Farr et al. 2001, Wendy Nelson pers. comm.).  This raises the question: to what extent are these cryptic lineages coexisting? Are there differences in their temporal and spatial distribution? Does distribution at a small-scale, within sites in the Wellington region, reflect the physiological differences and ecological adaption reported from the culture studies of Bödeker et al. 2008?  This research sought to investigate the small-scale distribution of these cryptic lineages to test for temporal or spatial variation, and draw conclusions about the nature of their coexistence in the Wellington region. To achieve this, samples were taken from six sites in Wellington over a period of nine months. Molecular methods, as described in Chapter 2, were utilised to identify the various taxa. This identification data then provided the basis for the ecological analyses presented in Chapter 3.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Ansell

<p>Current research on marine cryptic species, through the use of molecular tools, is revealing unexpected diversity and relationships [...]. A number of cryptic filamentous Bangiales have been recorded from Wellington, New Zealand; all morphologically indistinguishable and all apparently occupying the same niche within the upper inter-tidal. Researchers have reported finding more than one member of the filamentous Bangiales coexisting at a single location in Wellington’s inner harbour (Farr et al. 2001, Wendy Nelson pers. comm.).  This raises the question: to what extent are these cryptic lineages coexisting? Are there differences in their temporal and spatial distribution? Does distribution at a small-scale, within sites in the Wellington region, reflect the physiological differences and ecological adaption reported from the culture studies of Bödeker et al. 2008?  This research sought to investigate the small-scale distribution of these cryptic lineages to test for temporal or spatial variation, and draw conclusions about the nature of their coexistence in the Wellington region. To achieve this, samples were taken from six sites in Wellington over a period of nine months. Molecular methods, as described in Chapter 2, were utilised to identify the various taxa. This identification data then provided the basis for the ecological analyses presented in Chapter 3.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Jiao ◽  
Shiyou Jin ◽  
Nannan Chen ◽  
Chunlai Wang ◽  
Siyan Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) is a food crop sensitive to low temperatures. Low temperature, as one of the abiotic stress hazards, seriously affects the yield of corn. However, the genetic basis of low-temperature adaptation in maize is still poorly understood. In this study, maize S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) was localized on the nucleus. We introduced the SAMDC gene into the excellent maize inbred line variety GSH9901 and used Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to produce cold-tolerant transgenic maize lines. After a 3-year single-location field trial, the contents of polyamine (PA), proline, malondialdehyde, an antioxidant enzyme, and APX in the leaves of transgenic maize plants overexpressing SAMDC were significantly increased, and the introduction of the SAMDC gene was significantly increased the expression of CBFs and cold-related genes.The agronomic traits of overexpression maize changed and the yield traits were significantly improved, but no significant changes were found in plant height, ear length, and shaft thickness.Thus, engineering the SAMDC enzyme is an effective strategy to improve the cold tolerance and value of maize.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mansi Mungee ◽  
Rohan Pandit ◽  
Ramana Athreya

Abstract Bergmann’s rule predicts a larger body size for endothermic organisms in colder environments. The contrasting results from previous studies may be due to the differences in taxonomic (intraspecific, interspecific and community) and spatial (latitudinal vs elevational) scales. We compared Bergmann’s patterns for endotherms (Aves) and ectotherms (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) along the same 2.6 km elevational transect in the eastern Himalayas. Using a large data spanning 3,302 hawkmoths (76 morpho-species) and 15,746 birds (245 species), we compared the patterns at the intraspecific (hawkmoths only), interspecific and community scales. Hawkmoths exhibited a positive Bergmann’s pattern at the intraspecific and abundance-weighted community scale. Contrary to this, birds exhibited a strong converse Bergmann’s pattern at interspecific and community scales, both with and without abundance. Overall, our results indicate that incorporation of information on intraspecific variation and/or species relative abundances influences the results to a large extent. The multiplicity of patterns at a single location provides the opportunity to disentangle the relative contribution of individual- and species-level processes by integrating data across multiple nested taxonomic scales for the same taxa. We suggest that future studies of Bergmann’s patterns should explicitly address taxonomic and spatial scale dependency, with species relative abundance and intraspecific trait variation as essential ingredients especially at short elevational scales.


BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7530-7549
Author(s):  
Kamil Erken

Verbascum yurtkuranianum is a narrow endemic species occurring in a single location, the northern Bursa province (Turkey). It is an endangered and potentially ornamental plant. No conducted study on its life and biology, production, and aesthetic features is available. This study aimed to reveal its vegetative properties, seed characteristics, methods and requirements for seed germination, germination speed, and potential ornamental value so it can be conserved ex situ and produced. Verbascum yurtkuranianum has potential value as an ornamental plant regarding its aesthetic features as a flower. This study revealed that the total number of individuals in the species is 788. Without any treatment, 70.7% germination rate is achieved if the seeds are stored at 4 °C. The optimum germination temperature was from 15 to 20 °C (77.3% and 78.7%, respectively), and the photoperiod regulation for seed germination was 12/12 or 8/16 (light/dark) hours (74.7% and 76.0%, respectively). The most effective treatment to promote germination rate was found by implementation of 60 min ultrasonic waves (94.3%) or application of 120 min vacuum (95.3%). Germination occurred between 8 and 10 days. A parcel of ex situ conservation was constituted with the seedlings obtained from the germination studies.


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