scholarly journals Approaches to Translation in the Context of Theory of Speech Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Serhii Zasiekin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Cognitive Foundations ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Over the past decades there has been a significant increase in the studies exploring cognitive foundations of translation reflected in a considerable amount of literature published on the topic. However, it is important to bear in mind that many of the ideas in the cognitive literature are mainly rooted in the psycholinguistic approaches to translation. For instance, a lot of scholarly works on translation in the former Soviet Union published in 1960-1970s emphasise the role of translator’s thinking and speech processes. The emergence of ‘theory of speech activity’, Soviet version of Western psycholinguistics, stimulated interest of linguists and psychologists who considered translation and interpreting, their procedural aspects worthy of scholarly attention. A. Leontyev (1969), one of the founders of the above mentioned ‘theory’, paid special attention to translator’s mental operations and probabilistic programming of the target language utterance(s). Thus far, a number of recent cognitive translation studies have confirmed the effectiveness of previous psycholinguistic models of translation designed within the framework of theory of speech activity. The goal of the study is a theoretical review of psycholinguistic approaches to interpreting and translation discussed in the works of scholars who were part of the Soviet theory of speech activity. The main objective is to reveal the translator’s status, his/her thinking and speech operations as psycholinguistic units in the approaches under review. Together, the psycholinguistic studies reviewed in the paper support the notion that the translator relies both on his/her algorithmic actions and heuristic solutions with the latter based on his/her background guided by probability thinking mechanism. This integrated approach proves useful in expanding our better and deeper understanding of translator’s activity.

Transmigration und Kapitalismus

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (140) ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
Julia Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Different Sources

Based on an ethnographical study the article presents the problems of Soviet migrants with capitalistic every day life. The reaction of the migrants and the role of their imagination of capitalism, which was formed by different sources in the former Soviet Union, is investigated.

scholarly journals ​Chemistry, Nutritional Properties and Application of Mare’s Milk: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh Adil ◽  
B.M. Mehta ◽  
Atanu H. Jana
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Mare’s milk has long been considered to have special nutritive and therapeutic properties in Mongolia and southern states of the former Soviet Union. It is now gaining popularity in some parts in Europe also. Mares’ milk is characterized by their unique nutritional profile. Therefore, interest has increased in the use of mare’s milk for human nutrition in the past several years, especially in France and Germany. As compared to many other mammal species, mare’s milk is highly appreciated for similarity to human milk in terms of chemical composition allowing its use as a substitute for mother’s milk in infant feeding. Mare’s milk also has been used for the treatment of certain human pathologies such as hepatitis, chronic ulcer and tuberculosis. This review dwells on the chemical composition, nutritional value and various health-promoting properties of mare’s milk.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Role of Economic Crisis on Health and Healthcare Infrastructure in Three Disparate National Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
David M. Claborn
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Healthcare Workforce ◽  
National Economies

The collapse of a country’s economy can have significant impacts on the health and healthcare infrastructure of the country. This paper compares the collapse of three national economies from widely separated regions: Venezuela, Zimbabwe, and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Despite significant differences in the environments and cultures of these countries, there are some common variables and outcomes shared by most of the countries including effects on healthcare workforce, disproportionate effects on marginalized populations, and resurgence of certain infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages and Their Derivatives as Biotherapeutic Agents in Disease Prevention and Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elbreki ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
Colin Hill ◽  
Jim O'Mahony ◽  
Olivia McAuliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Host ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Peptidoglycan Hydrolases

The application of bacteriophages for the elimination of pathogenic bacteria has received significantly increased attention world-wide in the past decade. This is borne out by the increasing prevalence of bacteriophage-specific conferences highlighting significant and diverse advances in the exploitation of bacteriophages. While bacteriophage therapy has been associated with the Former Soviet Union historically, since the 1990s, it has been widely and enthusiastically adopted as a research topic in Western countries. This has been justified by the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in many prominent human pathogenic bacteria. Discussion of the therapeutic aspects of bacteriophages in this review will include the uses of whole phages as antibacterials and will also describe studies on the applications of purified phage-derived peptidoglycan hydrolases, which do not have the constraint of limited bacterial host-range often observed with whole phages.

scholarly journals Economics in the Former Soviet Union

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Alexeev ◽  
Clifford Gaddy ◽  
Jim Leitzel
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Economics Profession

One of the most notable, but least discussed, aspects of the halting attempts during the past six years to reform the economies of the Soviet Union, and now those of its successor states, has been the prominent role played by professional economists. Not since the mid-1920s has the Soviet political leadership felt so strongly the need to draw upon the expertise of the economics profession to help determine its course of action. In this paper, we attempt to characterize the current state of economics in the former Soviet Union, investigate the implications that the condition of Soviet economics has for reform, and suggest possible future directions for the discipline. Our information comes from four main sources: professional publications of Soviet and Western economists, published remarks by Soviet economists, personal interviews and discussions which we conducted with young Soviet economists in the summers of 1990 and 1991, and a questionnaire administered to Soviet economists and graduate students in the Soviet Union.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document