scholarly journals ​Chemistry, Nutritional Properties and Application of Mare’s Milk: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh Adil ◽  
B.M. Mehta ◽  
Atanu H. Jana

Mare’s milk has long been considered to have special nutritive and therapeutic properties in Mongolia and southern states of the former Soviet Union. It is now gaining popularity in some parts in Europe also. Mares’ milk is characterized by their unique nutritional profile. Therefore, interest has increased in the use of mare’s milk for human nutrition in the past several years, especially in France and Germany. As compared to many other mammal species, mare’s milk is highly appreciated for similarity to human milk in terms of chemical composition allowing its use as a substitute for mother’s milk in infant feeding. Mare’s milk also has been used for the treatment of certain human pathologies such as hepatitis, chronic ulcer and tuberculosis. This review dwells on the chemical composition, nutritional value and various health-promoting properties of mare’s milk.

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jastrzębska ◽  
E. Wadas ◽  
T. Daszkiewicz ◽  
R. Pietrzak-Fiećko

Recent interest in mare’s milk is associated with the fact that it contains a wide variety of valuable nutrients with health-promoting properties. Among milks of many mammal species, it is the mare’s milk that is highly appreciated for similarity to human milk in terms of chemical composition allowing its use as a substitute for mother’s milk in infant feeding. It can also be used in feeding people with various health conditions. The global market offers still more food products and cosmetics containing mare’s milk. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the nutritional value and health-promoting properties of mare’s milk.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elbreki ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
Colin Hill ◽  
Jim O'Mahony ◽  
Olivia McAuliffe ◽  
...  

The application of bacteriophages for the elimination of pathogenic bacteria has received significantly increased attention world-wide in the past decade. This is borne out by the increasing prevalence of bacteriophage-specific conferences highlighting significant and diverse advances in the exploitation of bacteriophages. While bacteriophage therapy has been associated with the Former Soviet Union historically, since the 1990s, it has been widely and enthusiastically adopted as a research topic in Western countries. This has been justified by the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in many prominent human pathogenic bacteria. Discussion of the therapeutic aspects of bacteriophages in this review will include the uses of whole phages as antibacterials and will also describe studies on the applications of purified phage-derived peptidoglycan hydrolases, which do not have the constraint of limited bacterial host-range often observed with whole phages.


1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Alexeev ◽  
Clifford Gaddy ◽  
Jim Leitzel

One of the most notable, but least discussed, aspects of the halting attempts during the past six years to reform the economies of the Soviet Union, and now those of its successor states, has been the prominent role played by professional economists. Not since the mid-1920s has the Soviet political leadership felt so strongly the need to draw upon the expertise of the economics profession to help determine its course of action. In this paper, we attempt to characterize the current state of economics in the former Soviet Union, investigate the implications that the condition of Soviet economics has for reform, and suggest possible future directions for the discipline. Our information comes from four main sources: professional publications of Soviet and Western economists, published remarks by Soviet economists, personal interviews and discussions which we conducted with young Soviet economists in the summers of 1990 and 1991, and a questionnaire administered to Soviet economists and graduate students in the Soviet Union.


1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Goodwin

When they saw so many ridiculous, ramshackle institutions, survivals of an earlier age, which no one had attempted to co-ordinate or adjust to modern conditions and which seemed destined to live on despite the fact that they had ceased to have any present value, it was natural enough that thinkers of the day should come to loathe everything that savored of the past and should desire to remold society on entirely new lines. —Alexis de TocquevilleThe dissolution of empires has been one of the distinguishing and most consequential characteristics of the twentieth century. The popular struggles for national sovereignty that have helped to destroy these empires have sometimes (although certainly not always) been fused with attempts to change radically the socioeconomic institutions inherited from the imperialists. The result of this fusion has been nationalist revolution—or revolutionary nationalism—another phenomenon largely unique to the present century. Most recently, in the Eastern European satellites of the former Soviet Union, imperial domination not only generated a nationalist opposition but also unwittingly radicalized it—albeit in a very peculiar way that I explain below. Thus, the Eastern European revolutions of 1989, as Pavel Campeanu (1991: 806–7) has pointed out, had “a dual nature: social, since their goal was to destroy the socioeconomic structures of Stalinism, and national, since they aspired to re-establish the sovereignty of the countries in question.”


Author(s):  
Olaf Zawacki-Richter ◽  
Anna Kourotchkina

<!-- @font-face { font-family: "Cambria Math"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height: 200%; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.Abstract, li.Abstract, div.Abstract { margin: 18pt 1cm 15pt 36pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.AbstractCxSpFirst, li.AbstractCxSpFirst, div.AbstractCxSpFirst { margin: 18pt 1cm 0.0001pt 36pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.AbstractCxSpMiddle, li.AbstractCxSpMiddle, div.AbstractCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt 36pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.AbstractCxSpLast, li.AbstractCxSpLast, div.AbstractCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 1cm 15pt 36pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }.MsoChpDefault { font-size: 10pt; }div.WordSection1 { page: WordSection1; } --><p class="Abstract">Distance education in the present Russian Federation and former Soviet Union has a long tradition that prevails to this day. The majority of students in Russia are enrolled in distance learning programs. The numbers indicate the existence of a well-established system for distance education, of which little is known in Western literature. A review of distance education research in the Anglo-American sphere showed that within the past 10 years not a single article dealing with the Russian system was published. Consequently, within international DE research Russia remains uncharted territory. The following explorative study introduces the educational and tertiary educational system and presents current statistical data while emphasizing the historical perspective to further describe how the distance education system is embedded therein. In order to discuss current practice in this field, one of the biggest higher distance education institutions in Moscow with approximately 110,000 students is used as an example.</p>


Refuge ◽  
1998 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Andre Kamenshikov

This article focuses on the nature of interethnic conflicts in the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union. The author discusses the prevailing patterns that characterize such conflicts and gives a brief account of the changes that took place in the newly independent states over the past decade that laid the ground for the present volatile sociopolitical climate there. Apart from the material causes of conflict, a lot of attention is given to psychological causes such as the loss of identity which is being compensated by a growing nationalism. In the opinion of the author, these psychological causes should be given much more attention in order to predict and prevent outbreaks of interethnic conflicts in the area.


2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert van Voren

Over the past 2 years the Global Initiative on Psychiatry has developed a wide range of initiatives in the fields of prison mental health and forensic psychiatry in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Both areas, until recently, were either ignored or deliberately avoided. This is not coincidental. The prison systems in the former Eastern bloc are in essence military organisations with a strict hierarchy and a rather tarnished past. Although some reform programmes in this field were implemented or started during the past decade (e.g. by Prison Reform International and the London Institute for Prison Studies), none of these projects has involved mental health services within the penitentiary system. A society that often limits itself to locking away those who have committed crimes or are suspected of having committed them, and pays only little attention to the physical and emotional well-being of those imprisoned, does not see the mental health of these persons as a priority. Equally unimportant seems to be the mental health of those who guard the prisoners and who are under constant stress.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al'mira Nagimova

Over the past decades, Islamic Finance has expanded its presence to many countries, including the former Soviet Union. It is not surprising that its expansion has become a subject of great interest to scholars, politicians, practitioners, and the general public. How big is the market for Islamic Finance in the post-Soviet region? Who are the key market players? What are their investment strategies on this territory? Finally, what are the limits for the development of the Islamic Finance industry in the CIS countries? This book attempts to find the answers to these questions by examining a broad empirical base of more than 1,000 deals from 1991 to 2020, as well as using a sociological approach. Another attempt has been made to assess the total volume of Islamic capital and determine the problems and prospects of this market in the CIS countries. The book will be of interest to the management of banks, investment companies, funds, ministries, as well as anyone interested in the world economy, international relations and the religious factor in the economy of post-Soviet countries.


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