scholarly journals Evaluation of the ecological and geochemical state of surface water in Donbas

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Ye. O. Yakovliev ◽  
А. О. Splodytel ◽  
S. М. Chumachenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Background Content ◽  
Geochemical State

The article covers evaluation of the ecological and geochemical state of surface water and bottom sediments in Donbas, as well as their pollution resulting from spatio-temporal changes of natural and anthropogenic factors. It was established that chemogenic pollution occurs due to penetration of polluting elements into surface water as a result of filtration leaks from sedimentation tanks and water discharges made by enterprises of coal, chemical, metallurgical, coke-chemical and petrochemical industries. Increased concentrations of biogenic elements (mineral forms of nitrogen and iron) were recorded in the water of the Siverskyi Donets and the Luhan Rivers. The most significant deterioration of groundwater quality because of high content of sulfates and chlorides is observed within the watersheds of the Luhan River's valley. Measurement results of the metals content indicated an increased content of copper and manganese. Some values even exceed the average annual concentrations specified by the existing normative values. In general, the results of the pollutants content analysis in the river basins under study did not reveal significant changes in the content of heavy metals during the period of military actions as compared to the results of government monitoring by 2014. The obtained experimental data indicate that vanadium, chromium and copper dominate in bottom sediments of all the studied objects. The greatest accumulation of heavy metals is observed in the Bakhmutka River and the Kryvyi Torets River. The research established that copper and plumbum in the bottom sediment samples taken from the Kryvyi Torets exceed the background values by 4-5 times. Zinc and vanadium exceed the background content values by 10 and 4 times, respectively. The same indicators are slightly lower in the Volyntsevske Reservoir and this fact is associated with more intense processes of water exchange and certain peculiarities of bottom sediments granulometric composition. Concentration of zinc is 3 times as much as the background level, vanadium and manganese – twice as much. Heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the studied water bodies are characterized by uneven distribution. Vanadium and copper dominate in the content of bottom sediments. Concentrations of zinc, vanadium and nickel at certain objects also exceed their regional background content values. Titanium was detected in minimum quantities.

Environmental evaluation of geochemical changes in bottom sediments of Ustia headwater

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
M. O. Klimenko ◽  
I. I. Zaleskyi ◽  
O. O. Biedunkova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Poor Grade ◽  
Geochemical Anomalies

Any changes to anthropogenic impact within the watersheds involving the transformation of ecosystem relationships cause irreversible changes in the structure and composition of sediments. The objective of the research was to analytically compare the results of the study on heavy metals in Ustia River sediments with the use of various methods for determining environmental geochemical changes in headwaters due to human transformation of the basin between 1994 and 2015. Ustia River experienced the highest anthropogenic impact during 1968–1994. Starting from 1968 and up to the present time the wastewater volume disposed to the river is more than 25 m3 per day. Despite the downturn in the national economy since the mid 90-ies of the 20th century, the negative impact on the environment of surface water area does not stop. The environmental evaluation of the bottom sediments of Ustia River was held basing on the results of spectral analysis of air-dried samples of silt fraction from the selected samples. The researcher analysed the content of heavy metals which emission takes place within the river basin as a result of runoff generated by chemical and woodworking industries, transport, wastewater and agricultural use of the territory, particularly Pb, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn and Cd. For the first time, researchers have figured out that for the past twenty years there has been no improvement in the overall ecological state of the Ustia River bottom sediments. The human impacts on the hydro-ecosystem, assessed according to the content of heavy metals, have moderated only in the river section near the headstream. The author views this fact as a consequence of reduced chemicals’ usage (i.e. fertilizers, pesticides, compost, sewage and animal waste) on the cultivated land in this part of the basin. The remaining sections of riverbed have experienced deterioration of the bottom sediments; it is particularly notable with regard to the content of such elements as Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb within the urban areas. The increase of the concentrations of metals in the sediments near Basiv Kut Dam Lake in 2015, compared with the relevant data for 1994, can serve as the evidence that the negative impact on hydro-ecosystem has intensified. In both observation periods the bottom sediments of the upper part of the river has demonstrated extremely high content of Mn. Hence, in 1994 it markedly declined in the central section of the stream, and in 2015 it appeared in significant concentrations in the sediments along the channel. It is obvious that in this case there are geochemical features of the basin; however the situation in 2015 indicates a change in the state of bottom sediments with regard to the content of Mn under the influence of anthropogenic factors. The analysis of the geochemical changes in bottom sediments of Ustia headwater from 1994 until 2015 show that the concentrations of such elements as Cu, Zn, Pb, Co and Cd in the bottom sediments according to 2015 data turned out to be higher compared to 1994, excluding the upper part of the river. Nevertheless the geochemical anomalies of Mn contents noticed along the channel are also the case in this situation. The level of anthropogenic impact, measured in terms of total pollution index for the concentration of heavy metals in bottom sediments in both observation periods appeared to be «weak» or «slightly increased» if there were toxic elements. Hence, if in 1994 there was a high risk of pollution of bottom sediments with such elements as zinc, lead and copper both in case of the relative background values and hygiene criteria (maximum allowable concentrations in soil), in 2015 cobalt also appeared among such elements. The level of contamination of sediments according to international contamination classes mainly shows «significant» and «increased» impact on different parts of the river for the Mn content (5–6 grades) in both observation periods; the Cu and Zn content vary from «low» to «moderate» in 1994 (1–3 grades) and from «low» to «substantial» in 2015 (2–4 grades); the Pb content is «poor» (grade 1) in 1994 and «moderate» in 2015; Co and Cd content describes human impact on hydro-ecosystem as «weak» in both periods (0–1 grades). The assessment methods used by the researcher allowed tracking various aspects of heavy metal pollution in the bottom sediments. Furthermore, they help discovering that nowadays the sediments of Ustia River play the role of anthropogeny outcome battery against the geochemical anomalies of individual elements.

Assessment of the State of Surface Waters Using Reusable Solid-Phase Polymer Indicators in the Field Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Злобина ◽  
V. Zlobina ◽  
Черкасова ◽  
T. Cherkasova ◽  
Мизиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Wide Range

As a result of many years of economic activity, a large number of anthropogenic factors arise that change the dynamics of the transformation of the quality of surface waters. The growing deterioration in their quality is due to the long-term impact of various pollution sources (industrial production, road transport, agriculture, technogenic deposits, heat power facilities, oil and gas pipelines, etc.). However, a wide range of heavy metals enters the surface waters, along with the increase in macrocomponents during technogenic dispersion of toxicants. This requires a systemic evaluation of surface water. Modern methods are based on the use of devices that have been used up, recyclable or disposable paper sets with a perceptible range of error in the determination. In this paper, for the rapid analysis of the state of surface waters on the presence of heavy metals, solid-state polymer indicators were used. The possibility of non-laboratory application in practice of color solid-state polymeric indicators of reusable use, preserving shades of color for two years or more, is shown. Characteristics of indicators were studied in laboratory conditions and tested in the study of lake and river water in several Russian regions (Lake Valday, Polomet River, Onego Lake, etc.). The developed methodology is based on the testimony of four parameters: temperature, pH; The changed color of the polymer indicator, followed by a comparison of pH and color with the indicator’s reference scale; Of the total index of water pollution by heavy metals. Comparing the results with the indicators of the working scale, in which all four indicators are included, the estimation of the level of contamination by heavy metals of surface waters with high accuracy is carried out. In addition, this method makes it possible to establish the significant role of bottom sediments in the formation of surface water quality. The results of the carried out research make it possible to increase the number of observations in time and space and to obtain a significant amount of information base on the ecological state of water bodies during their monitoring.

scholarly journals Leaves and roots of Typha latifolia L. and Iris pseudacorus L. as bioindicators of contamination of bottom sediments by heavy metals

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Parzych ◽  
Małgorzata Cymer ◽  
Kamila Macheta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Iris Pseudacorus ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Abstract The paper concerns the bioaccumulation of zinc, nickel, iron and manganese in leaves and roots of selected macrophytes from the Krzynia Reservoir (northern Poland). The research was conducted within the area of 10 stations situated in the littoral zone of the reservoir. Samples of surface waters, bottom sediments and plants were taken in summer. Heavy metal content was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method (ASA). The concentration of heavy metals in the waters of Krzynia Reservoir was low and noinfluence of anthropogenic factors was found. Concentration of heavy metals in the examined bottom sediments was low and remained within the limits of the geochemical background for Zn and Fe. In the case of Ni and Mn it sporadically exceeded the level of the geochemical background. The tested plants mainly accumulated heavy metals in roots, with the exception of nickel which appeared in larger quantities in leaves. The relationships among the content of the determined elements in the organs of macrophytes was identical for the tested species and could be arranged into the following sequences: Mn>Fe>Ni>Zn in leaves and Fe>Mn>Zn>Ni in roots. Statistically significant differences were found in the content of Mn in leaves and Zn and Fe in the roots of Typha latifolia L. and Iris pseudacorus L. By accumulating substantial quantities of heavy metals in their organs, macrophytes constitute an effective protective barrier for the waters and bottom sediments.

scholarly journals Correlation and Partitioning of Some Heavy Metals in Aquatic Media Around a Make Shift Crude Oil Refining Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Howard Ibigoni Clinton ◽  
Abiodun Iyabode Khadijat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Water Columns ◽  
The Media ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Rivers State

The major aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentration levels of some heavy metals and their relationships between the bottom sediments, its overlaying (bottom) water and the surface water of the study area in Andoni local Government of Rivers State, Nigeria (Long.7° 20' 48.639''E and Lat.4 29 20.169N) using standard methods of analysis. The mean result showed variation patterns (P<0.05) of the metals in each of the medium as - surface water – Mg>N=Cu=Zn>Pb=Cd>V; bottom water – Mg>Cu>Ni=Zn>Pb=Cd>V and bottom sediments – Mg=Zn>Pb>Cd>Cu=Ni>V, while that of the media for each metal is Sediment >> Bottom water=Surface water. The sediments of the study area had more positive significant correlations among metal pairs than others indicating that metals were more bound to the sediments than in the water columns. V-Cd, V-Pb and V-Ni showed significant positive correlations in the water columns indicating that their input sources may likely be the same, which could have been from petroleum related activities. The level of contamination of the study area is relatively high when compared to related studies within and outside the region. It is therefore recommended that the activities of this make-shift refining of crude oil in the area should be stopped by the relevant regulatory agencies and also further studies on other media should be carried out.

Pressures and impact analysis in the Dnipro river basin within Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Osadcha ◽  
Yurii Nabyvanets ◽  
Volodimir Osadchyi ◽  
Olha Ukhan ◽  
Valeriy Osypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Diffuse Sources

&lt;p&gt;The third largest European river Dnipro covers 48% of Ukraine&amp;#8217;s territory. An analysis of the main anthropogenic pressures in the Dnipro Basin was first performed according to the requirements of EU WFD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Surface water pollution by organic substances and nutrients is principally attributed with point sources, among which the municipal wastewaters play the dominant role. The main load by organic substances and nutrients is caused by the wastewater discharges of big cities with Population Equivalent &gt;100 000; 89% of such cities are located within the sub-basins of Middle Dnipro and Lower Dnipro.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Point sources form 33% of nitrogen and 61% of phosphorus loads in the Dnipro Basin. Diffuse sources related to agricultural production cause incoming of 29% of nitrogen and 36% of phosphorus. Phosphorus is transported to the water bodies mainly with erosion particles.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Natural conditions in the River Basin are one of the reasons of nitrogen load significant share (33%). Humus compounds and nitrogen compounds enter into water bodies due to the high bogginess of the Dnipro Basin upper part, especially the Prypiaty Basin. This leads to winter and summer anoxia in the rivers and upper reservoirs and creates prerequisites for eutrophication of the Dnipro cascade reservoirs. Rivers of the Prypiaty sub-basin, Upper Dnipro, and Desna sub-basins are extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution by nutrients and organic substances that generates the increased background of organic compounds and nitrogen in the Dnipro reservoirs cascade.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The load of the Dnipro Basin surface water by hazardous substances (especially synthetic) still remains insufficiently studied. Currently, information is only available regarding load by heavy metals included to the list of priority substances and some other ones. Water pollution by metals is noted mostly in the Lower Dnipro sub-basin where the most of the metallurgical enterprises are located.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The high application of pesticides (&gt; 3 kg/ha) in 4 administrative Rayons leads to the appearance of risk conditions for pollution of xenobiotics in 50 surface water bodies (SWBs).&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Dnipro reservoirs cascade serves as a powerful geochemical barrier causing heavy metals and pesticides deposition in bottom sediments. The highest pollution by metals is noted in the sediments of the Dnipro reservoirs that receive the metallurgy enterprises wastewaters. Probability of significant secondary remobilization is foremost noted for Cadmium. Organochloride pesticides content in the bottom sediments is 2 to 5 times lower than maximal allowable concentration in soil.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Water abstraction volume is around 22% of the annual flow of 95% probability. The natural flow of the Dnipro is regulated by 6 large reservoirs. Besides, there are 1072 dams and other cross-sectional artificial installations. Natural morphology changes are observed in a large number of rivers within the Dnipro Basin.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It was found that 56% of the Dnipro Basin SWBs are at risk of failing the &amp;#8220;good&amp;#8221; ecological status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hydromorphological alterations cause the main anthropogenic pressure in the Dnipro Basin (concerning 45% of the SWBs). Risks from diffuse sources and point sources are observed in 23% and 5% of SWBs, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals FEATURES OF HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE RIVERS OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
N. G. Lyuta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Metallogenic Province ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Background Content

The chemical composition of bottom sediments is an important indicator of the ecological state of both water systems and watershed areas, since contaminated bottom sediments are a potential source of secondary pollution of aquatic systems. The analysis of recent publications shows that great attention has been paid to the chemical composition of bottom sediments, however, as a rule, these studies are of a local nature, that is, they cover very small areas. This often raises the issue of criteria for assessing the ecological and geochemical status of bottom sediments, since a small number of samples does not allow correctly determining the local geochemical background. In addition, generally accepted norms, for example, the maximum allowable concentrations, do not exist for bottom sediments. In these conditions, data on regional geochemical backgrounds of pollutants are needed. The need for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Ukraine, which requires the introduction of water management basin-based, necessitates the determination of the geochemical characteristics of bottom sediments within the river basin territories. To study the distribution of heavy metals and determine their regional backgrounds in the bottom sediments, a database of environmental and geochemical information was used in the GIS, one of the blocks of which is information on the content of chemical elements and compounds in the bottom sediments of watercourses and water bodies of Ukraine, and the electronic map of river basins of Ukraine. Based on the analysis in the GIS of information on the chemical composition of the bottom sediments of the rivers of Ukraine (about 8,1 thousand samples), regional geochemical background of lead, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel and cobalt have been determined. The main regularities of distribution of chemical elements in bottom sediments in the territory of Ukraine are established. For the chemical elements in question, a gradual increase in their content in soils from north to south, that is, from the river basins of the Polissya zone to the basins of the Steppe landscape-climatic zone, is consistent with the geochemical features of the soil cover of the catchment areas. The increased background content of chemical elements in bottom sediments often spatially coincides with the spread of soil differences in the catchment areas, which also have a high content of these elements. The maximum background content of most heavy metals in bottom sediments is naturally clearly recorded within the Carpathian-Crimean metallogenic province. Thus, despite the long and intensive technogenic impact on the surface water bodies of Ukraine, it is necessary to note the priority of natural factors in the formation of the chemical composition of bottom sediments, at least for the heavy metals considered above.

Content of the Heavy Metals in Water and Bottom Sediments of the Ingulets River

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Malakhov ◽  
A. O. Bobko ◽  
T. M. Aliokhina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments

INFLUENCE OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE SEREPOK RIVER (VIETNAM) ON ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ORGANS OF FISH

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Ngo The Cuong ◽  
Tran Hoan Quoc ◽  
Svetlana Vasilievna Zolotokopova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Sarotherodon Galilaeus ◽  
Water Bottom

The article focuses on the study of change of containing heavy metals (zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, lead, arsenic) in the abiotic and biotic components of the Serepok river (Vietman) influenced by wastewater discharge from industrial areas. Heavy metal content was determined in the river water and bottom sediments in the four zones: above and within the boundaries of industrial regions Xoa Phu and Tam Thang and in two water reservoirs situated below the boundaries of those industrial areas. Tilapia Galilean ( Sarotherodon galilaeus ), Hemibagrus ( Hemibagrus ), and sazan ( Cyprinus carpio ) caught in these areas were the hydrobionts under study in which liver, gills, skeleton and muscles accumulation of heavy metals was detected. In the organs of fish caught in the river within industrial region, heavy metals concentration was 3-7 times higher. The greatest concentration of heavy metals was found in the liver and gills of fish caught in the boundaries of industrial regions, the least concentration was in the muscles. In most cases, significant correlation between heavy metal concentration in organs of fishes and in river water, bottom sediments has been revealed.

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