scholarly journals FEATURES OF HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE RIVERS OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
N. G. Lyuta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Metallogenic Province ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Background Content

The chemical composition of bottom sediments is an important indicator of the ecological state of both water systems and watershed areas, since contaminated bottom sediments are a potential source of secondary pollution of aquatic systems. The analysis of recent publications shows that great attention has been paid to the chemical composition of bottom sediments, however, as a rule, these studies are of a local nature, that is, they cover very small areas. This often raises the issue of criteria for assessing the ecological and geochemical status of bottom sediments, since a small number of samples does not allow correctly determining the local geochemical background. In addition, generally accepted norms, for example, the maximum allowable concentrations, do not exist for bottom sediments. In these conditions, data on regional geochemical backgrounds of pollutants are needed. The need for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Ukraine, which requires the introduction of water management basin-based, necessitates the determination of the geochemical characteristics of bottom sediments within the river basin territories. To study the distribution of heavy metals and determine their regional backgrounds in the bottom sediments, a database of environmental and geochemical information was used in the GIS, one of the blocks of which is information on the content of chemical elements and compounds in the bottom sediments of watercourses and water bodies of Ukraine, and the electronic map of river basins of Ukraine. Based on the analysis in the GIS of information on the chemical composition of the bottom sediments of the rivers of Ukraine (about 8,1 thousand samples), regional geochemical background of lead, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel and cobalt have been determined. The main regularities of distribution of chemical elements in bottom sediments in the territory of Ukraine are established. For the chemical elements in question, a gradual increase in their content in soils from north to south, that is, from the river basins of the Polissya zone to the basins of the Steppe landscape-climatic zone, is consistent with the geochemical features of the soil cover of the catchment areas. The increased background content of chemical elements in bottom sediments often spatially coincides with the spread of soil differences in the catchment areas, which also have a high content of these elements. The maximum background content of most heavy metals in bottom sediments is naturally clearly recorded within the Carpathian-Crimean metallogenic province. Thus, despite the long and intensive technogenic impact on the surface water bodies of Ukraine, it is necessary to note the priority of natural factors in the formation of the chemical composition of bottom sediments, at least for the heavy metals considered above.

FEATURES CHEMICAL COMPOSITION BOTTOM DEPOSITS OF THE GRUSHEVKA AND TUZLOV RIVERS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Streltsova ◽  
◽  
Z.R. Bakiev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Bottom Deposits

An the heavy metals content in the bottom sediments of the lower reaches of the Grushevka and Tuzlov rivers was estimated. A comparative analysis of the degree of contamination of bottom sediments is carried out.

scholarly journals Differentiation of the concentration of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in lake sediments depending on the catchment management (Lake Gopło case study)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Juśkiewicz ◽  
Włodzimierz Marszelewski ◽  
Wojciech Tylmann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper presents the results of the study on the concentration of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including PAHs and PCBs, in the bottom sediments of Lake Gopło. This lake is significantly elongated (about 25 km); its longitudinal profile is diversified, and there are deeps and thresholds impeding the flow of water. The shoreline is varied, which is characteristic of tunnel valley lakes. The catchment has a typical agricultural character with a point arrangement of industrial centres. The analysis of the diversity of the concentration of heavy metals and POPs was based on 37 samples from two representative cores: one collected in the northern part of the lake, the catchment of which shows an industrial character, and the second one in the southern part where the catchment is agricultural in character. In the sediments, the content of the following heavy metals was analysed: Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Hg and As, as well as PAHs and PCBs. The sediment age was determined by the 210Pb dating method. In order to assess the contamination level of the bottom sediments with heavy metals, the contamination factor (CF) and degree of contamination (DC) were calculated. Moreover, the impact of the changes in the catchment’s land use over the past 100 years was determined. The results showed that the sediments from the industrial part of the lake significantly exceed the geochemical background for both the heavy metals from the group identified as industrial pollution and from the group of agricultural pollutants. The southern core shows only a slight increase in the amount of pollution from the agricultural group, lack of industrial pollution and a low degree of contamination. A slight increase in persistent organic pollutants is also recorded, without any apparent effect on the state of the deposited sediment. The 210PB dating enabled the main stages of human impact to be determined: the pre-industrial revolution, from the beginning of industrialisation to the 1950s, intensive human impact from the 1960s to the 1980s, and a gradual decrease in the human impact starting from the 1990s. In addition, attention was paid to the changing sedimentation rate.

scholarly journals Leaves and roots of Typha latifolia L. and Iris pseudacorus L. as bioindicators of contamination of bottom sediments by heavy metals

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Parzych ◽  
Małgorzata Cymer ◽  
Kamila Macheta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Iris Pseudacorus ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Abstract The paper concerns the bioaccumulation of zinc, nickel, iron and manganese in leaves and roots of selected macrophytes from the Krzynia Reservoir (northern Poland). The research was conducted within the area of 10 stations situated in the littoral zone of the reservoir. Samples of surface waters, bottom sediments and plants were taken in summer. Heavy metal content was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method (ASA). The concentration of heavy metals in the waters of Krzynia Reservoir was low and noinfluence of anthropogenic factors was found. Concentration of heavy metals in the examined bottom sediments was low and remained within the limits of the geochemical background for Zn and Fe. In the case of Ni and Mn it sporadically exceeded the level of the geochemical background. The tested plants mainly accumulated heavy metals in roots, with the exception of nickel which appeared in larger quantities in leaves. The relationships among the content of the determined elements in the organs of macrophytes was identical for the tested species and could be arranged into the following sequences: Mn>Fe>Ni>Zn in leaves and Fe>Mn>Zn>Ni in roots. Statistically significant differences were found in the content of Mn in leaves and Zn and Fe in the roots of Typha latifolia L. and Iris pseudacorus L. By accumulating substantial quantities of heavy metals in their organs, macrophytes constitute an effective protective barrier for the waters and bottom sediments.

scholarly journals Landscape geochemical conditions and patterns of inter-element redistribution of heavy metals in landscapes of Kivertsi National Nature Park “Tsumanska Pushcha”

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Anastasiia O. Splodytel ◽  
Liudmyla Yu. Sorokina ◽  
Oksana V. Lunova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Geochemical Conditions ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Nature Park

nalysis of landscape geochemical conditions of the territory of Kivertsi National Nature Park “Tsumanska Pushcha” was carried out also the levels of pollution of landscapes within the park and adjacent territories were established. Features of the accumulation and distribution of pollutants in the landscapes of the territory under conditions of natural and Technogenic geochemical anomalies are considered. The landscapes of the studied migration classes (calcium, calcium carbonate, carbonate clayey, acidic calcium) are characterized by a relatively high coefficient of migration intensity due to relatively weak buffering capacity, low water retention capacity and contrasting moisture regime. However, strong gleyed horizons are able to fix contaminants during their surface movement. Using the methods of landscape geochemical research, analytical methods, data on the gross and mobile content of heavy metals were obtained and analyzed. The highest concentrations of manganese and chromium are found in soils differentiated on loess sediments, nickel and copper on glacial sediments. Most of the studied heavy metals exceed the regional geochemical background. In terms of the gross content in soils, trace elements form the following geochemical series: Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Mn>Cr. The accumulation of lead up to 2-3 MPC in forest litters is clearly traced. Dependences of the stability of landscapes to Technogenic pollution on the level of conservation of natural geochemical parameters of soils, the degree of their anthropogenic transformation and the level of heavy metals incomings have been established. All studied plants maximally accumulated Mn, Cu, Cr and minimally Zn and Ti which is consistent with the patterns of migration of these elements in the soil. The high accumulation of heavy metals in the aboveground part of the studied plants indicates a significant removal of elements from the soil, which, in turn, makes it possible to consider certain plant species as potential phytoremediators. According to the average values of the concentration of macro elements in plants, the following geochemical series is established: CaO>K2O>MgO>P2O5>SiO2>SO3> Al2O3> Fe2O3>Na2O>TiO2. On the basis of the data obtained, 4 types of biogeochemical bonds between chemical elements in the soil – plant system for the territory of the NPP were identified: V, Ti - soil> plant; Ni - soil <plant; Cr - soil> plant; Mn, Cu - soil <plant.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in the ground waters of Prisamarya Dniprovske

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
O. V. Kotovych
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Iron And Manganese

In conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure on the objects of the natural environment, an objective assessment of the hydrochemical state of water bodies is necessary, taking into account background values of heavy metals, the presence of which is associated only with natural factors. Therefore, the aim of our studies was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in groundwater lying in different geological and geomorphological conditions in a territory remote from the large industrial centers – Dnipro and Pavlograd. As a result of the carried out researches it was possible to establish the qualitative and quantitative composition of microelements that are contained in the ground waters of Prisamarya Dniprovske. The most common microelements from those that were determined were zinc, strontium, iron and manganese. In the groundwater of the floodplain of the Samara River the most common are zinc, strontium, iron and manganese. A distinctive feature of the groundwater of the first above-terrace is the presence of a large amount of iron – an average of 2 mg/l3, while this is not observed in the groundwater of the floodplain and steppe areas. This can be attributed to the chemical characteristics of forest litter from needles which has an acidic pH reaction. In turn, with acid reaction, iron passes from the bound state to the free state and, together with the descending streams of water, migrates from the soil to the groundwater. Among the microelements of the second above-the-top terrace, zinc, copper, iron and manganese predominate. Other trace elements from those that were determined are absent, or their number is below the sensitivity limit of the device. With a deep bedding of groundwater (22 m) and their slow water exchange with surface waters among the microelements, zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron and manganese predominate. The direction of the migration of microelements in the system soil ↔ groundwater can be determined by calculating the concentration of chemical elements in the soil and groundwater contained. The concentrations obtained for lead, copper, nickel and manganese in the majority of the investigated objects turned out to be less than one, which indicates the predominance of processes of removal of microelements from soil to groundwater. At the same time for groundwaters of the first above-the-top terrace there is accumulation of such microelements as copper and manganese. Here the maximum value of the clark concentration for copper is 18.14, for manganese 14.66. Considering the absence of close proximity to the territory of the research of large industrial facilities and highways with intensive traffic, the indicators obtained by us can be used as background values in complex biogeocenological studies. In addition, the values obtained can be useful for assessing the hydrochemical and toxicological state of natural waters, as well as for the integrated ecohydrological assessment of water bodies in this region.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the ecological and geochemical state of surface water in Donbas

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Ye. O. Yakovliev ◽  
А. О. Splodytel ◽  
S. М. Chumachenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Background Content ◽  
Geochemical State

The article covers evaluation of the ecological and geochemical state of surface water and bottom sediments in Donbas, as well as their pollution resulting from spatio-temporal changes of natural and anthropogenic factors. It was established that chemogenic pollution occurs due to penetration of polluting elements into surface water as a result of filtration leaks from sedimentation tanks and water discharges made by enterprises of coal, chemical, metallurgical, coke-chemical and petrochemical industries. Increased concentrations of biogenic elements (mineral forms of nitrogen and iron) were recorded in the water of the Siverskyi Donets and the Luhan Rivers. The most significant deterioration of groundwater quality because of high content of sulfates and chlorides is observed within the watersheds of the Luhan River's valley. Measurement results of the metals content indicated an increased content of copper and manganese. Some values even exceed the average annual concentrations specified by the existing normative values. In general, the results of the pollutants content analysis in the river basins under study did not reveal significant changes in the content of heavy metals during the period of military actions as compared to the results of government monitoring by 2014. The obtained experimental data indicate that vanadium, chromium and copper dominate in bottom sediments of all the studied objects. The greatest accumulation of heavy metals is observed in the Bakhmutka River and the Kryvyi Torets River. The research established that copper and plumbum in the bottom sediment samples taken from the Kryvyi Torets exceed the background values by 4-5 times. Zinc and vanadium exceed the background content values by 10 and 4 times, respectively. The same indicators are slightly lower in the Volyntsevske Reservoir and this fact is associated with more intense processes of water exchange and certain peculiarities of bottom sediments granulometric composition. Concentration of zinc is 3 times as much as the background level, vanadium and manganese – twice as much. Heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the studied water bodies are characterized by uneven distribution. Vanadium and copper dominate in the content of bottom sediments. Concentrations of zinc, vanadium and nickel at certain objects also exceed their regional background content values. Titanium was detected in minimum quantities.

scholarly journals Chemistry of Bottom Sediments from Selected Karst Lakes in the Vicinity of Staszów (Nida Basin)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Artur Zieliński ◽  
Adam Choiński ◽  
Sylwia Machula ◽  
Agnieszka Ławniczak ◽  
Agnieszka Strzelczak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Karst Lakes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Results

AbstractThe aim of this study was to reveal the chemical composition of bottom sediments in karst lakes located in the northern part of Połaniec Basin (eastern part of the Nida Basin, vicinity of Staszów municipality). A field investigation was carried out in 2010 on four lakes: Duży Staw, Donica, Dziki Staw and Łajba. The contents of a very wide range of chemical elements were determined, which is a rarity. On the basis of our research, it was found that the analysed lakes differed considerably between each other in spite of their close location. In general, sediments contained fair amounts of organic substances as well as Fe, Al, Ca and Mg due to the type of source rock and soligenic lake water supply. Increased concentrations of V, Cr and Ni might be explained by the weathering of rock material. In turn, higher contents of Zn, Pb, Cu and Co in the bottom sediments from Duży Staw indicated anthropopression. The measurement results obtained in this study will allow a future comparative analysis with bottom sediments from other lakes.

Main criteria for assessing the content of heavy metals in bottom sediments of water bodies

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Boris Korzhenevskiy ◽  
Gleb Tolkachev ◽  
Nikolay Kolomiycev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Pore Solution ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Secondary Pollution

The main criteria for assessing the content of heavy metals in sediments of water bodies. At present, the methodology for rationing pollutants in bottom sediments of surface watercourses is clearly not sufficiently developed. There are various and significantly different approaches to the assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals. The maximum permissible concentration (MAC), which is the main criterion for assessing the levels of pollution, is not perfect and needs to be significantly adjusted. A number of methodological assessments of contamination of bottom sediments with heavy metals with comparative characteristics are considered, of which a method for estimating the anthropogenic load on a reservoir according to its geo-classes has been proposed as one of the best. The gross content of heavy metals in bottom sediments of water bodies does not give a sufficient idea of the possibility of secondary pollution of water masses and, as a result, subsequent toxic effects. A much more important indicator is their content and distribution by forms of existence in the solid phase and pore solution of bottom sediments. As a consequence, this article develops a topic for estimating possible secondary pollution of water bodies by determining the content and distribution of TM by forms of existence in the solid phase and pore sediment solution.

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