scholarly journals The Effect of Dental Enamel Pre-Etching for Self-Etching Adhesives According to their Primer pH: An In Vitro Bond Strength, Etching Pattern and Adhesive Failure Evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I. Nicolas-Silvente ◽  
Ana I. Nicolas-Silvente ◽  
Fernando Chiva-Garcia ◽  
Arturo Sanchez-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Adhesive Failure ◽  
Bond Failure ◽  
Etching Pattern ◽  
Strong Acidity ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

Dental enamel pre-etching before the application of a self-etching adhesive (SEA) has different effects depending on the pH of the adhesive acidic monomer, being not always beneficial. This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS), etching pattern, and fracture type of different acidity SEAs, with and without previous phosphoric acid etching. One-hundred-sixty bovine incisors were subjected to SBS testing with the following adhesive systems: Adper-Prompt-L-Pop (APLP) (strong acidity), Futurabond NR (FB), AdheSE One F (AD) (intermediary acidity) and Clearfil SE (CSE) (mild acidity), with and without previous phosphoric acid etching. Results were evaluated applying both ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Besides, forty bovine incisors were used to assess etching patterns using scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM). Adhesive failure was evaluated, classifying bond failure as one of five types. SBS averages were (MPa): without pre-etching: APLP (20.61±11.84), CSE (17.29±10.16), FB (11.44±6.99), AD (7.88±4.85) and with pre-etching: APLP (16.17±9.68), CSE (25.96±11.75), FB (20.12±9.39), AD (14,28±9.42). Different enamel etching patterns were observed depending on each SEA’s pH and whether the surface was pre-etched. Most fracture failures were adhesive type. Less than 10 % were cohesive type. SBS improves when mild and intermediary strength SEAs are pre-etched. However, it decreases when strong SEAs are pre-etched.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Flexural, Diametral Tensile, and Shear Bond Strength of Composite Repairs

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. E250-E260 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Imbery ◽  
T Gray ◽  
F DeLatour ◽  
C Boxx ◽  
AM Best ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Bonding Agent ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

SUMMARY Objective Repairing composite restorations may be a more conservative treatment than replacing the entire restoration. The objective of this in vitro study was to determine the best repair method by measuring flexural, diametral tensile, and shear bond strength of repaired composites in which the surfaces were treated with chemical primers (Add & Bond or Silane Bond Enhancer), a bonding agent (Optibond Solo Plus [OBSP]), or mechanical retention with a bonding agent. Methods Filtek Supreme Ultra shade B1B was placed in special molds to fabricate specimens that served to test the flexural, diametral tensile, or shear strength of the inherent resin substrate. The same molds were modified to make specimens for testing repair strength of the resin. Repairs were made immediately or after aging in deionized water at 37°C for seven days. All repair sites were finished with coarse Sof-Lex discs to simulate finishing new restorations or partially removing aged restorations. Repair surfaces were treated with one of the following: 1) phosphoric-acid etching and OBSP; 2) Add & Bond; 3) phosphoric-acid etching, Silane Bond Enhancer, and OBSP; or 4) quarter round bur, phosphoric-acid etching, and OBSP. Specimens were placed back in the original molds to fabricate specimens for diametral tensile or flexural testing or in an Ultradent jig to make specimens for shear bond testing. Composite resin in shade B5B was polymerized against the treated surfaces to make repairs. Two negative control groups for the three testing methods consisted of specimens in which repairs were made immediately or after aging without any surface treatments. Controls and experimental repairs were aged (water 37°C, 24 hours) before flexural, diametral tensile, or shear testing in an Instron Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results Experimental flexural repair strengths ranged from 26.4% to 88.6% of the inherent substrate strength. Diametral tensile repair strengths ranged from 40% to 80% of the inherent substrate strength, and shear bond strength repairs ranged from 56% to 102%. Geometric means were statistically analyzed with two-way analysis of variance on their log-transformed values. Significant differences were determined using Tukey honestly significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions Depending on the mechanical property being tested, surface treatments produced different results. OBSP produced more consistent results than chemical primers.

scholarly journals Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3702
Author(s):  
Sophia Toelle ◽  
Agnes Holtkamp ◽  
Uwe Blunck ◽  
Sebastian Paris ◽  
Falk Schwendicke
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching ◽  
Tagging Effects

After selective carious tissue removal, residual carious lesions remain radiographically detectable. Radiopaque tagging resolves the resulting diagnostic uncertainty but impedes bond strengths of adhesives to tagged dentin. We developed a protocol mitigating these detrimental effects. A 30%/50%/70% SnCl2 solution was dissolved in distilled water or a 30%/50%/90% ethanol solution (E30/60/90) and applied to artificially induced dentin lesions. Tagging effects were radiographically evaluated using transversal wavelength-independent microradiography (n = 6/group). Groups with sufficient tagging effects at the lowest SnCl2 concentrations were used to evaluate how tagging affected the microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal) to sound and carious dentin (n = 10/group). Two different protocols for removing tagging material were tested: 15 s phosphoric acid etching and 5 s rotating brush application. Scanning/backscattered electron microscopy (SEM/BSE) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to assess surfaces after tagging and removal. The most promising removal protocol was revalidated microradiographically. Tagging significantly increased the radiopacity, with consistent effects for 30% SnCl2 dissolved in water or E30. Microscopically, tagged surfaces showed a thick carpet of SnCl2, and tagging reduced bond strengths significantly on carious dentin but not on sound dentin (p < 0.01). On carious dentin, removal of tagging material using acid etching and rotating brush was microscopically confirmed. Acid etching also mitigated any bond strength reduction (median: 21.3 MPa; interquartile range: 10.8 MPa) compared with nontagged dentin (median: 17.4 MPa; interquartile range: 20.6 MPa). This was not the case for brushing (median: 13.2 MPa; interquartile range: 13.9 MPa). Acid etching minimally reduced the radiographic tagging effect (p = 0.055). Phosphoric acid etching reduces the detrimental bond-strength effects of tagging without significantly decreasing radiographic tagging effects when using a universal adhesive.

scholarly journals Four chemical methods of porcelain conditioning and their influence over bond strength and surface integrity

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Fragomeni Stella ◽  
Andrea Becker Oliveira ◽  
Lincoln Issamu Nojima ◽  
Mariana Marquezan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

OBJECTIVE: To assess four different chemical surface conditioning methods for ceramic material before bracket bonding, and their impact on shear bond strength and surface integrity at debonding.METHODS: Four experimental groups (n = 13) were set up according to the ceramic conditioning method: G1 = 37% phosphoric acid etching followed by silane application; G2 = 37% liquid phosphoric acid etching, no rinsing, followed by silane application; G3 = 10% hydrofluoric acid etching alone; and G4 = 10% hydrofluoric acid etching followed by silane application. After surface conditioning, metal brackets were bonded to porcelain by means of the Transbond XP system (3M Unitek). Samples were submitted to shear bond strength tests in a universal testing machine and the surfaces were later assessed with a microscope under 8 X magnification. ANOVA/Tukey tests were performed to establish the difference between groups (α= 5%).RESULTS: The highest shear bond strength values were found in groups G3 and G4 (22.01 ± 2.15 MPa and 22.83 ± 3.32 Mpa, respectively), followed by G1 (16.42 ± 3.61 MPa) and G2 (9.29 ± 1.95 MPa). As regards surface evaluation after bracket debonding, the use of liquid phosphoric acid followed by silane application (G2) produced the least damage to porcelain. When hydrofluoric acid and silane were applied, the risk of ceramic fracture increased.CONCLUSIONS: Acceptable levels of bond strength for clinical use were reached by all methods tested; however, liquid phosphoric acid etching followed by silane application (G2) resulted in the least damage to the ceramic surface.

scholarly journals Effect of Over-Etching and Prolonged Application Time of a Universal Adhesive on Dentin Bond Strength

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2902
Author(s):  
Phoebe Burrer ◽  
Hoang Dang ◽  
Matej Par ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Tobias T. Tauböck
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Adhesive Application ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

This study investigated the effect of over-etching and prolonged application time of a universal adhesive on dentin bond strength. Ninety extracted human molars were ground to dentin and randomly allocated into nine groups (G1–9; n = 10 per group), according to the following acid etching and adhesive application times. In the control group (G1), phosphoric acid etching was performed for 15 s followed by application of the universal adhesive Scotchbond Universal (3M) for 20 s, as per manufacturer’s instructions. In groups G2–5, both the etching and adhesive application times were either halved, doubled, quadrupled, or increased eightfold. In groups G6–9, etching times remained the same as in G2–5 (7.5 s, 30 s, 60 s, and 120 s, respectively), but the adhesive application time was set at 20 s as in the control group (G1). Specimens were then restored with a nanofilled composite material and subjected to microtensile bond strength testing. Bond strength data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). The relationship of bond strength with etching and adhesive application time was examined using linear regression analysis. Treatment of dentin with halved phosphoric acid etching and adhesive application times (G2) resulted in a significant bond strength decrease compared to the control group (G1) and all other test groups, including the group with halved acid etching, but 20 s of adhesive application time (G6). No significant differences in bond strength were found for groups with multiplied etching times and an adhesive application time of 20 s or more, when compared to the control group (G1). In conclusion, a universal adhesive application time of at least 20 s is recommended when bonding to over-etched dentin.

scholarly journals Effect of a self-etching primer and phosphoric acid etching on the bond strength of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin to human enamel

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi NOGAWA ◽  
Hiroyasu KOIZUMI ◽  
Osamu SAIKI ◽  
Haruto HIRABA ◽  
Mitsuo NAKAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

scholarly journals Influence of chlorhexidine on longitudinal bond strength to dentin: in vitro study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Maria Fonseca ◽  
Daphne Camara Barcellos ◽  
César Rogério Pucci ◽  
Eduardo Bresciani ◽  
Maria Amélia Máximo de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Etch And Rinse

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: This study evaluated the effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution used as an therapeutic primer on the long-term bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin. <strong>Material</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Methods</strong>: Bovine incisors were worn to expose an area of dentin and were divided into 2 groups: Group C (Control) - acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid + Single Bond; Group CHX (0.2% CHX) - acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid + 0.2% CHX for 30 s + Single Bond. Blocks of composite were fabricated and stored for 24 h or 6 months, sectioned into beams and submitted to microtensile tests. Results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. <strong>Results</strong>: Mean (±SD) values (in MPa) were as follow: Group CHX/24h - 41.8(±2.62)A; Group C/24h - 40.8(±3.35)AB; Group CHX/6 months – 36.4(±3.52)B; Group CHX/6 months - 26.1(±1.54)C. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: CHX improve the imediatte bond strength of resin-dentin and significantly lowered the loss of bond strength after 6 months water storage as seen in the control bonds.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Tensile bond strength; Dentin; Total-etch adhesives; Chlorhexidine gluconate.</p>

Influence of phosphoric acid etching on bond strength of adhesives

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. e8
Author(s):  
Y. Tamura ◽  
S. Shibasaki ◽  
S. Matsuyoshi ◽  
K. Tsubota ◽  
T. Takamizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

Repair Surface Conditioning Measures Affect Enamel and Dentin Bond Strength

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-654
Author(s):  
P Kanzow ◽  
L Piecha ◽  
J Biermann ◽  
A Wiegand
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Silica Coating ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

Clinical Relevance Contamination of enamel and dentin with repair surface conditioning measures should be avoided. SUMMARY Objectives: To analyze whether the contamination with different repair conditioning measures impairs the adhesive performance of a universal adhesive applied in etch-and-rinse mode (ER) or self-etch mode (SE). Methods and Materials: Bovine enamel and dentin surfaces (each subgroup n=16) were bonded with a universal adhesive in ER or SE after contamination with different repair conditioning measures (sandblasting, silica coating, hydrofluoric acid etching, self-etching ceramic primer). In half of the groups, sand-blasting, silica coating, and hydrofluoric acid etching was followed by the use of a universal primer. If the universal adhesive was applied in ER, contamination was performed either before or after phosphoric acid etching. If the universal adhesive was applied in SE, bonding was performed after contamination. In the control groups, no contamination was simulated. Shear bond strength (SBS) and failure modes of composite buildups were determined after thermal cycling (10,000 cycles, 5°C-55°C). Statistical analysis was performed using analyses of variance, Weibull statistics, and χ2 tests (p&lt;0.05). Results: In ER, sandblasting and silica coating significantly reduced SBS (control: enamel =25.7±4.2 MPa; dentin = 22.0±5.3 MPa) only when performed after phosphoric acid etching. Contamination with hydrofluoric acid impaired SBS on enamel but not on dentin. The self-etching ceramic primer reduced SBS, but not significantly. The contamination with the universal primer had no significant effect. In SE, all repair conditioning measures except the universal primer reduced SBS (control: enamel = 20.3±5.5 MPa; dentin = 23.0±4.0 MPa). Conclusion: Contamination of enamel and dentin by repair conditioning measures potentially affects bond strength.

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