Mecanismos específicos de patogenicidade de protozoários intracelulares: Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii e Plasmodium spp.

Abstract Neighborhood dogs may act as reservoirs for several zoonotic protozoan infections, particularly in urban areas, thus constituting a potential public health threat. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the exposure of neighborhood dogs to four protozoan pathogens in public areas with high levels of human movement in Curitiba, southern Brazil. Blood samples from 26 neighborhood dogs were screened by means of the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi and Neospora caninum, and a questionnaire was answered by the respective keeper. A total of 8/26 dogs (30.7%) seroreactive to T. gondii, 3/26 (11.5%) to N. caninum and 2/26 (7.7%) to both were identified. All the samples were seronegative for T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. Pathogen seroreactivity was not associated with the daily human movements or other epidemiological variables investigated (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the low seroprevalence for T. gondii and N. caninum indicated low environmental and food risk for animal infection and the seronegativity for Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi may reflect the absence of these pathogens in urban areas of Curitiba. Moreover, neighborhood dogs may be used as environmental sentinels for the presence of protozoan pathogens and their vectors.

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Biologie comparée des interactions entre les macrophages et Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp. et Toxoplasma gondii

L’Année Biologique ◽

10.1016/s0003-5017(99)80003-8 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 221-232

Author(s):

Bernard Vray

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Leishmania Spp

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INFECÇÃO POR Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania major E Trypanosoma cruzi EM CÃES DO ESTADO DO PARÁ

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1809-6891v20e-33566 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Giselle Souza da Paz ◽

Bruna da Silva Colhado ◽

Mariane Martinez Anton ◽

Katarine de Souza Rocha ◽

Daniela Barbosa da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Leishmania Major ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Leishmania Spp

Resumo Realizou-se inquérito sorológico para Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma cruzi em cães dos municípios de Castanhal e Belém, no Estado do Pará, e estudou-se a associação entre os animais sororeagentes e fatores como sexo, idade, acesso a rua e procedência dos animais. Foram utilizados 269 cães de diferentes idades, sadios, provenientes de abrigos de animais, canil comercial, Centro de Controle de Zoonoses e domiciliados. Utilizou-se a reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), com lâminas sensibilizadas de acordo com os seus respectivos antígenos. Das 263 amostras, 100 foram reagentes, com 38,0% de positividade para Toxoplasma gondii, sendo os títulos prevalentes 16UI e 64UI, 15,97% de sororreagentes para anticorpos anti-N. caninum com maior soroprevalência para os títulos 25UI e 50UI. Na pesquisa de anticorpos anti-L. major, 3,42% foram sororreagentes com o título 40UI, sendo o mais prevalente. A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-T. cruzi revelou negatividade em todas as amostras. As variáveis procedência e faixa etária mostraram ser um fator de risco para os animais. Os animais de Belém apresentaram 2,6 vezes mais chances de infecção do que os animais de Castanhal. Os animais na faixa etária de três a sete anos apresentaram 2,27 vezes mais chances de serem sororreagentes do que os cães com até três anos de idade. Não houve associação estatística para as demais variáveis e protozoários pesquisados.

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The Widespread Anti-Protozoal Action of HIV Aspartic Peptidase Inhibitors: Focus on Plasmodium spp., Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026616666161025161153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 1303-1317 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marta Branquinha ◽

Leandro Sangenito ◽

Catia Sodre ◽

Lucimar Kneipp ◽

Claudia d'Avila-Levy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Peptidase Inhibitors ◽

Aspartic Peptidase ◽

Leishmania Spp

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Pathomechanisms in the Kidneys in Selected Protozoan Parasitic Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22084209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 4209

Author(s):

Karolina Kot ◽

Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk ◽

Michał Ptak ◽

Aleksandra Łanocha ◽

Elżbieta Kalisińska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Injury Mechanisms ◽

Kidney Involvement ◽

Leishmania Spp ◽

Apoptosis Process ◽

Insight Into

Leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, and acanthamoebiasis are protozoan parasitic infections. They remain important contributors to the development of kidney disease, which is associated with increased patients’ morbidity and mortality. Kidney injury mechanisms are not fully understood in protozoan parasitic diseases, bringing major difficulties to specific therapeutic interventions. The aim of this review is to present the biochemical and molecular mechanisms in kidneys infected with Leishmania spp., Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Acanthamoeba spp. We present available mechanisms of an immune response, oxidative stress, apoptosis process, hypoxia, biomarkers of renal injury in the serum or urine, and the histopathological changes of kidneys infected with the selected parasites. Pathomechanisms of Leishmania spp. and Plasmodium spp. infections have been deeply investigated, while Toxoplasma gondii and Acanthamoeba spp. infections in the kidneys are not well known yet. Deeper knowledge of kidney involvement in leishmaniasis and malaria by presenting their mechanisms provides insight into how to create novel and effective treatments. Additionally, the presented work shows gaps in the pathophysiology of renal toxoplasmosis and acanthamoebiasis, which need further research.

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