Differentiated and Gradual Organization of Training in the Methodical System of the Development of Research Competence of Specialists in Agricultural Engineering in the Process of Studying Agricultural Machines

The article highlights the life and creative path of the outstanding domestic scientist, theorist, methodologist and practitioner of agricultural engineering K. G. Schindler, associated with the formation of agricultural mechanics in Ukraine. The methodological foundation of the research is the principles of historicism, scientific nature and objectivity in reproducing the phenomena of the past based on the complex use of general scientific, special, interdisciplinary methods. For the first time a number of documents from Russian and Ukrainian archives, which reflect some facts of the professional biography of the scientist, were introduced into scientific circulation. The main directions of fruitful pedagogical and scientific activities of K. G. Schindler, key segments of his creative search, which determined the further development of agricultural engineering, his leadership in the scientific community were described. It was proved that Professor K. G. Schindler has the primacy in founding the Station of Testing for Agricultural Machines and Tools at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, which provided students of agronomic and mechanical faculties with the opportunity to get acquainted with the existing types and designs of tillage machines, systematically test its research methods. In addition, the station carried out scientific work on the study of certain issues of agricultural mechanization, development of methods and devices for research of agricultural machinery and implements. The seven functions of the agronomic-type research station developed by scientists for the first time in Europe at the beginning of the last century have become a reference point for many generations of researchers of agricultural machinery. K. G. Schindler was the first in the world to theoretically substantiate the need to improve the design of tillage equipment depending on soil and climatic conditions, made a significant contribution to the theory of soil deformation with the shelf of the plow body. In addition, he improved the Sakka dynamometer, developed a control dynamometer to check traction dynamometers and other devices, improved existing and developed new designs of tillage machines. K. G. Schindler was the first in Ukraine to teach a course in agricultural engineering.

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AGROENGINEERING SCIENCE IN THE USSR IN 1920-1941

Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin ◽

10.22314/2618-8287-2021-59-1-178-192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (142) ◽

pp. 178-192

Author(s):

Yuliya S. Tsench ◽

Keyword(s):

Automobile Industry ◽

Scientific Work ◽

Research Literature ◽

Agricultural Science ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Engineering Science ◽

Engineering Research ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Research Institutes ◽

Agricultural Machines

In tsarist Russia, there was no single organizational structure for agricultural science. The Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, funding individual researchers, stations, as well as higher educational institutions where scientific research was conducted, led the scientific work. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the stages of development of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in the period 1920-1941. (Materials and methods) Studied archival materials and research literature on this topic. The article shows the need to create an All-Russian Institute of Agriculture. The Scientific and Automotive Laboratory was organized, which later became the base for research institutes – the Scientific Automotive Institute, later renamed the Research Automotive and Tractor Institute, working in the field of automotive industry, tractor construction, automotive engines, technology and organization of automobile and tractor production. The article formulates the most important tasks of the formation of agroengineering science at the initial stage. (Results and discussion) In 1920-1941, specialized agricultural engineering research and training institutes were established, which took an active part in the formation of the Soviet tractor and automobile industry and the training of qualified personnel. The most important thing for the development of agricultural science was the formation of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 25, 1929. (Conclusions) In the pre-war period, a strong foundation of agricultural engineering science was laid. The first laws and regulations on the mechanization of agriculture and agricultural engineering were adopted. The first research institutes in the field of agricultural mechanization and agricultural engineering were organized. The first domestic tractors, grain harvesters and the most important agricultural machines were developed and put into production. The foundations of the theory were formed, the first fundamental scientific works and textbooks on agricultural machines, the processes of mechanization and electrification of agriculture were published.

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AGROENGINEERING SCIENCE IN THE USSR IN 1920-1941

Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin ◽

10.22314/2618-8287-2020-59-1-178-192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (142) ◽

pp. 178-192

Author(s):

Yuliya Tsench ◽

Keyword(s):

Automobile Industry ◽

Scientific Work ◽

Research Literature ◽

Agricultural Science ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Engineering Science ◽

Engineering Research ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Research Institutes ◽

Agricultural Machines

In tsarist Russia, there was no single organizational structure for agricultural science. The Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, funding individual researchers, stations, as well as higher educational institutions where scientific research was conducted, led the scientific work. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the stages of development of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in the period 1920-1941. (Materials and methods) Studied archival materials and research literature on this topic. The article shows the need to create an All-Russian Institute of Agriculture. The Scientific and Automotive Laboratory was organized, which later became the base for research institutes - the Scientific Automotive Institute, later renamed the Research Automotive and Tractor Institute, working in the field of automotive industry, tractor construction, automotive engines, technology and organization of automobile and tractor production. The article formulates the most important tasks of the formation of agroengineering science at the initial stage. (Results and discussion) In 1920-1941, specialized agricultural engineering research and training institutes were established, which took an active part in the formation of the Soviet tractor and automobile industry and the training of qualified personnel. The most important thing for the development of agricultural science was the formation of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 25, 1929. (Conclusions) In the pre-war period, a strong foundation of agricultural engineering science was laid. The first laws and regulations on the mechanization of agriculture and agricultural engineering were adopted. The first research institutes in the field of agricultural mechanization and agricultural engineering were organized. The first domestic tractors, grain harvesters and the most important agricultural machines were developed and put into production. The foundations of the theory were formed, the first fundamental scientific works and textbooks on agricultural machines, the processes of mechanization and electrification of agriculture were published.

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Safety aspects for automatic guidance of agricultural machines and low-cost solutions

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/4959-rae ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 103-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

U. Klee ◽

L. Hofmann ◽

P. Pickel

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Low Cost ◽

Safety System ◽

Agricultural Engineering ◽

Automatic Guidance ◽

Automatic Steering ◽

Sudden Appearance ◽

Rule Out ◽

Agricultural Machines

Automatic steering devices for farm machinery and tractors have the task to relieve the driver from the physical and mental stress of monotonous steering work. Simultaneously, they are intended to help exploit machines and tractors closer to their full performance and improve the quality of work. However, it is not possible to rule out malfunctions or breakdowns of sensors, gaps in guidance lines, obstacles in the field such as ditches or pylons, temporary hazards like the sudden appearance of animals in front of a moving machine or a temporary lack of concentration of the operator. Most of these problems may be prevented by a safety system for automatically steered agricultural machinery developed at the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the Martin-Luther-University in Halle. The function of the components of the safety system and preliminary results obtained in field experiments are introduced and discussed.

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