Statistical analysis of soil water content differences after biochar application andits repeated application during 2020 growing season

Abstract. Despite the importance of vegetation uptake of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) within the global Hg cycle, little knowledge exists on the physiological, climatic and geographic factors controlling stomatal uptake of atmospheric Hg(0) by tree foliage. We investigate controls on foliar stomatal Hg(0) uptake by combining Hg measurements of 3,569 foliage samples across Europe with data on tree species traits and environmental conditions. To account for foliar Hg accumulation over time, we normalized foliar Hg concentration over the foliar life period from the simulated start of the growing season to sample harvest. The most relevant parameter impacting daily foliar stomatal Hg uptake was tree functional group (deciduous versus coniferous trees). On average, we measured 3.2 times higher daily foliar stomatal Hg uptake rates in deciduous leaves than in coniferous needles of the same age. Across tree species, for foliage of beech and fir, and at two out of three forest plots with more than 20 samples, we found a significant (p < 0.001) increase in foliar Hg values with respective leaf nitrogen concentrations. We therefore suggest, that foliar stomatal Hg uptake is controlled by tree functional traits with uptake rates increasing from low to high nutrient content representing low to high physiological activity. For pine and spruce needles, we detected a significant linear decrease of daily foliar stomatal Hg uptake with the proportion of time, during which vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exceeded the species-specific threshold values of 1.2 kPa and 3 kPa, respectively. The proportion of time within the growing season, during which surface soil water content (ERA5-Land) in the region of forest plots was low correlated negatively with corresponding foliar Hg uptake rates of beech and pine. These findings suggest that stomatal uptake of atmospheric Hg(0) is inhibited under high VPD conditions and/or low soil water content due the regulation of stomatal conductance to reduce water loss under dry conditions. We therefore propose, that foliar Hg measurements bear the potential to serve as proxy for stomatal conductance. Other parameters associated with forest sampling sites (latitude and altitude), sampled trees (average age and diameter at breast height) or regional satellite observation-based transpiration product (GLEAM) did not significantly correlate with daily foliar Hg uptake rates. We conclude that tree physiological activity and stomatal response to VPD and soil water content should be implemented in a stomatal Hg model, to assess future Hg cycling under different anthropogenic emission scenarios and global warming.

Download Full-text

Effects of constantly high soil water content on vegetative growth and grape quality in Japan with high rainfall during grapevine growing season

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2020-0013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Yuta Kobayashi ◽

Tetsunan Yamamoto ◽

Hironori Ikeda ◽

Ryuzo Sugihara ◽

Hiroki Kaihori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growing Season ◽

Experimental Plot ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

High Soil ◽

Berry Quality ◽

Vineyard Soil

AbstractExcess water in vineyard soils during grapevine growing season is expected to become a critical issue in Japan. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of constantly high soil water content which was controlled at constantly more than 20% water content in soil on vegetative growth and berry quality of Cabernet Sauvignon over a 3-year growing season. A wireless sensor networking system for real-time monitoring of soil moisture was used to check that the experimental plot had constantly more than 20% water content in soil. Véraison in the experimental plot controlled at constantly high soil water content started 10 days, 4 days and 1 day later than that in the non-irrigated experimental plot in the 2017, 2018 and 2019 growing seasons, respectively. The constantly high soil water content had no notable effects on berry quality, such as berry characteristics and berry composition, at harvest compared with the non-irrigated experimental plot, although there was a certain tendency that constantly high soil water content decreased anthocyanin contents in berry skins compared with those of non-irrigated grapevines during the three growing seasons. We postulated that waterlogging damage due to the increase in soil water content by frequent rainfall would be minimised by the selection of rootstock that confers tolerance to waterlogging stress for scion cultivars and/or viticultural practices to prevent decrease in soil temperature. Also, the introduction of Internet of Things technology for monitoring water status in vineyard soil is expected to contribute to improving practical approaches to vineyard soil water management.

Download Full-text

Multiple drivers of seasonal and interannual variation in Pmax: Implications for leaf photosynthesis of Artemisia ordosica

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7079 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yun Tian ◽

Tianshan Zha ◽

Xin Jia

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Growing Season ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽

Interannual Variations ◽

Artemisia Ordosica ◽

Seasonal And Interannual Variations

Revealing the seasonal and interannual variations in leaf-level photosynthesis is a critical issue in understanding the ecological mechanisms underlying the dynamics of carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and shrub ecosystem. Artemisia ordosica is a dominant shrub species in semi-arid area of northwest China. Photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf nitrogen content(LN), specific leaf area (SLA) and some environmental factors were measured simultaneously on clear days (rotated every 10 days) of the growing season from 2011 to 2018, to quantify the temporal variations and environmental controls of photosynthetic parameters. Our results demonstrated that mean value of light-response curve parameters, the maximum photosynthetic capacity (Pmax), appear quality efficiency (AQE), respiration in dark (Rd), light saturated point (LSP) and light compensated point (LCP) had a gradual decline with the growth (spring> summer>autumn). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to elucidate the direct and indirect effects of biophysical factors on Pmax. The driven factors of Pmax in growing season changed, but stomatal conductance (gs) was the dominant factor in all stages. The gs was influenced by SLA and LN&#65292;and the soil water content at a depth of 10cm (SWC10) affected the Pmax in spring. In summer, Pmax was significantly positively related with gs and transpiration rate (Tr), and gs was influenced by SLA, LN and soil water content at a depth of 30cm (SWC30). In autumn, Pmax was significantly positively correlated with gs, while was significantly negatively correlated with air temperature (Ta). This simulation based on situ ecophysiological research suggest that Pmax of A. ordosica responded to the environment factors of seasonal and interannual variations, which is not the inherent genetic characteristics. Soil water content is the major environmental factor influencing Pmax in spring and summer, while Ta is the major one in autumn. Knowledge of how environmental change will affect the photosynthesis of A. ordosica in the future is essential for their protection, adaptation strategies and carbon fixation prediction in shrub ecosystems.

Download Full-text

Selection of Variables to be Used in Statistical Analysis of Field-Measured Soil Water Content

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500060001x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 1007-1012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. K. Cassel ◽

L. A. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Selection Of Variables ◽

Selection Of

Download Full-text

Water Content of Sludge-injected Soil Growing Wheat

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892900013047 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 337-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James M. Stone ◽

M. B. Kirkham

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Water Status ◽

Growing Season ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Digested Sludge

Municipalities are injecting sewage sludge into soil—as a means of disposal, to avoid the problems of odours, pests, and runoff, and to avert public disapproval associated with application on the surface. The sludge injected is mainly liquid (94–99%), but its effect on soil-water content in the field has not been sufficiently reported on. The objective of the project here described was to determine, in a subhumid region, whether the liquid in sludge changed the water status of soil compared with that of soil with inorganic fertilizer. In addition, growth of Winter Whẽat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.), grown on dryland and fertilized with the sludge or with inorganic fertilizer, was monitored. The experiment, carried out during the 1980–81 growing-season, was done at the Manhattan, Kansas, sewage-sludge farm, where aerobically digested sludge has been injected since 1976.

Download Full-text

Fall Water Effects on Growing Season Soil Water Content and Plant Productivity

Rangeland Ecology & Management ◽

10.1016/j.rama.2019.11.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 252-258

Author(s):

Lance T. Vermeire ◽

Matthew J. Rinella

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Growing Season ◽

Plant Productivity ◽

Water Effects

Download Full-text

Soil water content and stomatal conductance in a mature peach orchard as influenced by various irrigation regimes

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss91-026 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 253-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. S. Tan ◽

R. E. C. Layne

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Growing Season ◽

Plant Water Stress ◽

Rooting Zone ◽

Neutron Probe ◽

Peach Orchard

Available soil water (ASW) in the rooting zone of mature peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch 'Harken/Siberian C.') trees was determined with a neutron probe at incremental depths down to 240 cm between 1979 and 1982. The trees were either not irrigated (I0) or irrigated at a frequency necessary to prevent ASW from falling below 25% (I25) or 50% (I50) in the top 30 cm of soil. Water content in the top 120 cm from May to September for I0 plots was about 37 mm less than I25 plots and 73 mm less than I50 plots. Nonirrigated plots (I0) had the lowest ASW (< 30%) in the soil profile to a depth of 240 cm from mid-growing season onwards. By contrast, irrigated plots (I50) had high ASW (100%) at and below the 100-cm depth during the whole growing season. Leaf stomatal conductance was significantly lower for non-irrigated trees indicating that they were the most severely stressed. The severity of plant water stress increased with decreasing frequency of irrigation as indicated by reduced stomatal conductance. Key words: Prunus persica, available soil water, stomatal conductance

Download Full-text

Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps94-089 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 485-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

C. Wagner-Riddle ◽

T. J. Gillespie ◽

C. J. Swanton

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Secale Cereale ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Growing Season ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Management Decision

The optimum killing time of a rye (Secale cereale) cover crop is an important management decision and can determine the yield of the subsequent soybean (Glyane max) crop The objective of this research was to study a rye cover/soybean system. Soybeans were grown on sandy (Delhi) and loam (Woodstock) soils (1989/1990) with mulch on the soil surface obtained by killing rye approximately 1 and 2 wk before soybean planting. A conventional tillage treatment was used as a control. Soil water content, soil temperature, rye mulch amount and soybean growth were monitored over the season. Rye mulch amount for the late killing (LK) date was always larger than for the ear y killing (EK) date. LK decreased soil water content at soybean planting time at Delhi in 1989. The rye mulch produced with the LK increased soil water content early in the soybean growing season in 1990. A substantial decrease in the amount of mulch was observed during the growing season and resulted in little difference between mulch and no mulch soil water and temperature conditions later in the season. Extreme temperatures were more frequent under the bare soil, but these were limited to a small percentage of hours, and did not translate into differences in soybean development rates. Reduced soybean growth observed early in the season in one out of four location-years vanished as the season progressed. Number of seeds per pod and nodule number were increased due to rye mulch, but no difference in soybean yields were observed among treatments. Key words: Rye (Secale cereale), cover crop, mulch, soybean (Glycine max)

Download Full-text