scholarly journals Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wagner-Riddle ◽  
T. J. Gillespie ◽  
C. J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Management Decision

The optimum killing time of a rye (Secale cereale) cover crop is an important management decision and can determine the yield of the subsequent soybean (Glyane max) crop The objective of this research was to study a rye cover/soybean system. Soybeans were grown on sandy (Delhi) and loam (Woodstock) soils (1989/1990) with mulch on the soil surface obtained by killing rye approximately 1 and 2 wk before soybean planting. A conventional tillage treatment was used as a control. Soil water content, soil temperature, rye mulch amount and soybean growth were monitored over the season. Rye mulch amount for the late killing (LK) date was always larger than for the ear y killing (EK) date. LK decreased soil water content at soybean planting time at Delhi in 1989. The rye mulch produced with the LK increased soil water content early in the soybean growing season in 1990. A substantial decrease in the amount of mulch was observed during the growing season and resulted in little difference between mulch and no mulch soil water and temperature conditions later in the season. Extreme temperatures were more frequent under the bare soil, but these were limited to a small percentage of hours, and did not translate into differences in soybean development rates. Reduced soybean growth observed early in the season in one out of four location-years vanished as the season progressed. Number of seeds per pod and nodule number were increased due to rye mulch, but no difference in soybean yields were observed among treatments. Key words: Rye (Secale cereale), cover crop, mulch, soybean (Glycine max)

Retrieving parameters of bare soil surface roughness and soil water content under arid environment from ERS-1, -2 SAR data

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (17) ◽  
pp. 6202-6215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Genis ◽  
Leonid Vulfson ◽  
Dan G. Blumberg ◽  
Michael Sprinstin ◽  
Alexey Kotlyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Soil Surface Roughness ◽  
Sar Data

scholarly journals Temporal variability of soil water content under different surface conditions in the semiarid region of the Pernambuco state

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1733-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Emanuelle Monteiro dos Santos ◽  
Demetrius David da Silva ◽  
Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Content Variation ◽  
Contour Lines

Rainfall in the semiarid region of Pernambuco is characterized by irregular distribution in time and space, which significantly hinders the rainfed agriculture in the region. This work aims to evaluate the temporal profile of soil moisture in the semiarid region of the Pernambuco State (Brazil) and the effect of different soil surface conditions on soil water content variation and the yield of rainfed beans. To monitor soil water content, five plots 4.5 m wide by 11 m long were installed in a Yellow Argisol (Ultisol). The following treatments were adopted in the experimental plots: natural vegetation, bean intercropped with cactus, beans planted down the slope, beans planted along contour lines with mulch and rock barriers, and bare soil. In each plot, eight PVC access tubes were installed for monitoring the soil water content profile at depths of 0.20 and 0.40 m using a neutron probe device. The surface condition significantly influenced the soil water content variation, both in the dry and rainy seasons. The use of mulch, associated with rock barriers, provided higher soil water content levels than the other treatments and increased the rainfed beans production.

Effect of Ceramsite Mulching on Soil Water Content and Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3177-3180
Author(s):  
Xue Hong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Heating Effect ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Better Than

This study investigated the effects of ceramsite mulching on soil water content and temperature in the central isolation belt of an expressway in Hebei province, China. Ceramsite mulching effectively improved the soil water content, and reduced the disparity between different soil layers in different months. The order of soil water content at different soil depths or in different months was: two layers of mulching (M2) > one layer of mulching (M1) > bare soil (MD). The effect of ceramsite mulching on soil water content decreased with soil depth. The effect of ceramsite mulching on soil temperature decreased with soil depth from 0cm to 15cm. ceramsite mulching had a cooling effect above 5cm,but had a heating effect at 15cm.M2 balanced soil temperature better than M1.

scholarly journals A bench-scale assessment of the effect of soil temperature on bare soil evaporation in winter

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1357
Author(s):  
Peigui Liu ◽  
Yan Xia ◽  
Manting Shang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bare Soil Evaporation ◽  
Soil Water Movement

Abstract To quantitatively evaluate in the laboratory the effect of soil temperature on bare soil evaporation, this study uses two indoor soil columns and homogenized sand as an example to carry out the experimental study of soil temperature on bare soil evaporation in winter. The results show that the soil temperature directly affects the change in bare soil evaporation and that the effect decreases as the soil temperature decreases. Because of the influence of soil temperature, the soil water movement accelerates, and the soil water content increases. At a depth of 50 cm, the average difference in soil water content between groups A and B was 7.61%. The soil evaporation when considering the soil temperature was obviously greater than that without considering the soil temperature. This shows that in a laboratory environment where the soil temperature is higher than the room temperature in winter, the effect of the soil temperature on bare soil evaporation is significant. Soil temperature directly affects soil water movement and distribution, which is one of the important influencing factors affecting bare soil evaporation.

The contribution of a temporary watertable to surface soil water content and the establishment of surface sown seeds

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (123) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation

A temporary watertable was established in large undisturbed cores of a podzolic (duplex) soil in a glasshouse. The upward flow of water from the watertable to the soil surface through a 7 d drying cycle was assessed by measuring soil water content and matric potential, and the rate of evaporation from the soil surface (by weighing). Evaporation from the soil surface (Ea) closely followed evaporation from a free water surface (Eo), with little change in surface water potential or content until the watertable was depleted. This indicated that soil evaporation was balanced by the upward flux from the watertable, at rates up to 0.37 mm/h. Surface water potential was maintained above - 0.04 MPa for 7 d, and 12% of ryegrass seeds established themselves on the bare soil surface. When the A horizon was wet to field capacity but no watertable was established, Ea was much less than Eo especially in periods of high evaporation. Also, the soil surface dried to below - 0.04 MPa within the first day and no seeds germinated. It appears that sowing on sites with temporary watertables could assist germination and establishment after aerial sowing.

scholarly journals Quantifying Root-Soil Interactions in Cover Crop Systems: A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Cameron M. Ogilvie ◽  
Waqar Ashiq ◽  
Hiteshkumar B. Vasava ◽  
Asim Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Soil Ecosystems

Plant roots are an integral part of soil ecosystems and contribute to various services, including carbon and nutrient cycling, weathering, and soil formation. They also modify soil physical properties (e.g., soil water content, pore size distribution, and bulk density) and impact subsequent crops’ growth. Cover crops have been reported to improve soil and environmental quality by reducing nutrient losses, improving soil water content, and increasing soil organic matter. Understanding the complex interactions between cover crop roots and soil (RS) is of utmost importance. However, cover crop RS interactions have not been critically reviewed. In this article, we investigated the nature of cover crop physical RS interactions and explored the emerging technologies for their study. We also assessed technologies that may be readily applied to the study of physical RS interactions in cover crop systems and discussed ways to improve related research in the future.

Microbial CO2 production from surface and subsurface soil as affected by temperature, moisture, and nitrogen fertilisation

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Jin ◽  
Shenmin Wang ◽  
Yinkang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
The Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
C Mineralisation ◽  
Q10 Values

The Sanjiang Plain of north-east China is presently the second largest freshwater marsh in China. The drainage and use of marshes for agricultural fields occurred in the past 50 years, resulting in the increase in cultivated land from about 2.9 × 108 m2 in 1893 to 4.57 × 1010 m2 in 1994. Under human disturbance in the past half century, the environment in Sanjiang Plain has had significant change. We hypothesised that environmental factors such as soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil N levels affect the rates of soil organic C mineralisation and the nature of the controls on microbial CO2 production to change with depth through the soil profile in the freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain. In a series of experiments, we measured the influence of soil temperature, soil water content, and nitrogen additions on soil microbial CO2 production rates. The results showed that Q10 values (the factor by which the CO2 production rate increases when the temperature is increased by 10°C) significantly increased with soil depth through the soil profile (P < 0.05). The average Q10 values for the surface soils were 2.7 (0–0.2 m), significantly lower than that (average Q10 values 3.3) for the subsurface samples (0.2–0.6 m) (P < 0.05), indicating that C mineralisation rates were more sensitive to temperature in subsurface soil horizons than in surface horizons. The maximum respiration rate was measured at 60% water hold capacity for each sample. The quadratic equation function adequately describes the relationship between soil respiration and soil water content, and the R2 values were > 0.80. The sensitivity of microbial CO2 production rate response to soil water content for surface soils (0–0.2 m) was slightly lower than for subsurface soils (0.2–0.6 m). The responses of actual soil respiration rates to nitrogen fertilisation were different for surface and subsurface soils. In the surface soils (0–0.2 m), the addition of N caused a slight decreased in respiration rates compared with the control, whereas, in the subsurface soils (0.2–0.6 m), the addition of N tended to increase microbial CO2 production rates, and the addition of 10 µg N/g soil treatment caused twice the increase in C mineralisation rates of the control. Our results suggested that the responses of microbial CO2 production to changes in soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil N levels varied with soil depth through the profile, and subsurface soil organic C was more sensitive to temperature increase and nitrogen inputs in the freshwater marsh of the Sanjiang Plain.

Using soil surface gray level to determine surface soil water content

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1527-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuanJun Zhu ◽  
YunQiang Wang ◽  
MingAn Shao
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Gray Level

scholarly journals SURFACE RESIDUES: EFFECTS ON SOIL MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-894
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO HADDAD SOUZA VIEIRA ◽  
ARILDO SEBASTIÃO SILVA ◽  
ARUN DILIPKUMAR JANI ◽  
LUSINERIO PREZOTTI ◽  
PAOLA ALFONSA VIEIRA LO MONACO
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Sunn Hemp

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine how crop residue placement and composition would affect soil water content and temperature during the dry season in the central region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. A 19-week field study was conducted from April to August 2017. A 2 x 4 factorial study with four replications was implemented using a randomized complete block design. Factors were soil management [conventional tillage (CT) and no soil disturbance (ND)] and residue amendment [maize (Zea mays L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), a maize-sunn hemp mixture, and a no amendment control]. Soil water content and temperature were measured weekly at predetermined soil depth intervals. Soil water content was higher in ND plots amended with surface residues than under all other treatments in the 0 to 0.05 m depth range. All residue amendments in this range were equally effective in conserving soil water. Surface residues reduced soil temperature by up to 8.4 °C relative to the control in ND plots. Incorporating residue amendments by CT cancelled all temperature-moderating benefits provided by surface residues. These results indicate that surface residues from cereals, legumes, or cereal/legume mixtures are equally effective in conserving soil water and moderating soil temperature during the dry season. Additional research is needed to determine how improved soil environmental conditions, generated by surface residues, would affect nutrient acquisition and crop performance.

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